Download doc - 1 word notes/Cell ppt notes... · Web viewActive Transport Pump large amounts of some molecules across the membrane through a protein Endocytosis Movement of large amounts of molecules

Cell Structure & Function: Notes Name _____________________ assign.# ________

Unit goals:

2.

3-6. Cell Scientists

7..

7-8 What are cells made of?

8. 2 Basic Types of Cells

9-11.

13. Cell Organization: Cell Membrane:

15. Cell Wall:

1

Cell Theory

Cells are the _________ unit of structure & function in ____________ things.

All living things are made up of _________

All cells come from ______________ cells

Robert Hooke-1665One of the ___ people to see cells.He saw _______ Cells.

Theodor Schwann-1839Concluded that ______ __________ are made up of cells

Matthias Schleiden-1839Concluded that _____ _________ are made up of cells

Cells are ______% water. Of the remaining: ______ % protein, _______% carbohydrates, 15% _______________________ , ____________% lipids. 10% miscellaneous

_________________CellsDO HAVECell membraneRibosomesDNADO NOT HAVEOrganellesNucleus-Are all singled celled organisms. Ex: ____________-Thought of as more ________________life-All single forms. -Size: _________________________

_________________CellsHave ____________________.Believed to have ___________ from prokaryotic cells (Theory of Endosymbiosis).Can be _____________-celled or ___________-cellular organisms. EX: ____________________________-Size: ___________________________

Analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.Explain the role of cell ____________ for both _____________ and ________________ cells.Including the cell membrane, in maintaining ____________________ and cell reproduction.Explain the impact of water on life processes.___________________ and ______________

What is a cell? All living things are made of ___________ structures called cells.

• The outside of all cells are surrounded by a membrane made of ____________________.

• Nickname: “___________________”• Membranes are _____________ _____________ and ____________ cells

also have a _________ _________ outside of the cell membrane.

Plant cell wall are made of ____________.

Fungi cell walls are made of ______________.


19. Inside the cell: The inside of the cell is called the ________________.

21. Cell Organelles:

22.

Organelle Function Sketch

Nucleus

• The “_________”• Contains the ______________

• DNA __________ which proteins get made-and when!• Where _________________ are made• Has a _________________________ bilayer• Nuclear ______________ allow substances to move _____ and out.• DNA ____________ leaves the nucleus

Ribosomes

• Nickname: “___________ ________________”• Place where __________________ are made.• They help put the __________ ___________ together to make proteins.• Made of the nucleic acid-_________.

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

• Membrane system: Function involves _______________ ______________________ & _______________________.

• Can be thought of as a ______________ and a place of protein synthesis.

2 types:• ___________________ -No attached ribosomes - Synthesis of Lipids• ___________________ -Attached ribosomes

More on ER: Branches off from the ____________ membrane.

Organelle Function Sketch

Golgi Apparatus

• Nickname: “_____________”• ___________________ molecules and _____________ them to their

destination.• _____________ to make sure the molecules are put together

_________________, if not correct it sends them back to the ER.

Lysosomes

• Nickname “_______________ _________________”• Has _______________ ENZYMES that breakdown and recycle

molecules:• Old cell parts• Invaders

Vacuoles • __________ and _______________containers.• Plants usually have ______ _________________ vacuole.

2

The cell wall provides ______________ and ________________ for these cells.

Plant Cell

Each organelle has a ___________________ function so that the cell can do its __________.

Organelle means “__________ ___________.”


• Animals generally have __________ _________________ ones.• When used for Transport: Sometimes known as ________________.• Involved in the ___________ of cellular waste products• Play a role in ______________ pressure in plant cells

Chloroplasts

• Site of _________________ in plants and some ________________..• Requires ________________.

Mitochondria

• Nickname: “__________________________”• Site of __________________ production• ATP is the universal _______________ molecule• Energy is stored in the bonds of _____________.

42. Cytoskelton: Without the cytoskeleton, the cell would have no ________. By allowing the cell to keep shape, the cell is allowed to function and stay in _______________________.

PLANT CELL: Label it!!! ANIMAL CELL: Label it!!!

Book Work: On your own:

Vocabulary REVIEW:On your own

3

MicrofilamentsHelp give the cell ____________, and

__________________ in cytoplasm.

Microtubules Aids in chromosome _______________, movement of

________________, cilia and _________.

52.

53.

54.57.61.61..


48. How are organisms organized?• Cells make up __________________.• Tissues make up _________________.• Organs make up _____________ ________________.• Organ Systems make up _____________________.

49. How do things get into and out of cells?

50. The Cell Membrane• Hydrophilic: _________________ ________________• Hydrophobic: _________________ ________________

• The hydrophobic interior _________________ the movement of ______________.• The membrane can __________________ the movement of molecules (maintaining homeostasis).

Book Work: On your own:

51-52. Diffusion across the membrane What determines which way molecules will go? In or out of the cell???? ______________________ Molecules move from a place of ____________ concentration to a place of _________concentration.

Type of Transport Define/Explain

High to low OR Low to

High

Through the membrane OR

through a protein?

Energy required

??

Diffusion Movement of ____________.

Osmosis Movement of ____________ through a cell membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion

(passive transport)

When molecules ________ through a _____________ in the membrane.

Active Transport

Pump large amounts of some molecules across the membrane through a protein

EndocytosisMovement of large amounts of molecules _______ the cell by enfolding of membrane.

Exocytosis Movement of large amounts of molecules _______ the cell.

55-57. Membrane structure: There are ___________ “stuck” in the membrane that help

get __________________ & __________________ into and out of the cells.

4

-They need to get “______________” molecules in and “___________” molecules out.

See p.12 for

Transport Chart


The membrane is “selectively permeable” or “_______________________”

Book Work: on your own

66-73. Solutions:**Water moves from __________ concentration to ________ concentration.

Type of solution

Solute concentration

higher OR lower than inside the

cell?

Water concentration

higher OR lower than inside the

cell?

Which way will the water

move?Out of or into the

cell?

What will happen to the cell?

Grow, Shrink or stay the same?

Sketch

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Hypertonic

****Prefixes to Remember:Hypo=____________________ Hyper=________________________ Iso=___________________74.

Book Work: On your own.

5

Plasmolysis:When the Cell membrane _________ ___________ ________ the cell wall.Happens in a ______________________ solution.

Make a sketch

ATP is the universal _____________

molecule.

Why is the cell membrane said to be selectively ( or semi) permeable?


Seeing Cells Lab 1. Bacteria Cells

Obtain a slide labeled “bacteria” Label the cell (plasma) membrane.

o What is the cell membrane made of? Be specific? _____________________________________

What kind of organism do these cells come from (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)? _______________

2. Onion Cells Obtain a slice of thin onion. Stain it with iodine. Observe it under

100 magnifications and draw exactly what you see. Label the cell wall and nucleus.

o What molecule can be found in the nucleus? _________ What kind of organism do these cells come from? (prokaryotic or

eukaryotic) (Plant or Animal)? ___________________________

3. Blood Cells Obtain a slide that has a prepare sample of blood. What type of

blood is it?_____________________. Observe it under 100 magnifications and draw exactly what you see.

Label any parts that you can see. What kind of organism do these cells come from? (prokaryotic or

eukaryotic) (Plant or Animal)? __________________________

Questions:1. Were any of the cells you observed today prokaryotic? If so, which ones?

2. Were any of the cells you observed today eukaryotic? If so, which ones?

3. Are all cells the same shape? Why or why not?

4. What types of organisms are not made of cells?

5. What part of the cell is “in charge” of allowing only certain things to come in and go out of the cell, thereby maintaining homeostasis?

6

Quiz #1:______ (give the function for the organelles)1. Cell 2. Cell Theory3. Prokaryote 4. Eukaryote5. Mitochondrion 6. Vacuole7. Cell Membrane 8. Chloroplasts 9. Cell Wall

Quiz #1:cont… 10. Lysosome11. Gogli Apparatus 12. Nucleus 13. Nuclear Envelope 14. Cytoplasm15. Organelle 16. Nucleolus17. Ribosome18. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Quiz #2:______ 1. Lipid Bilayer2. Concentration3. Diffusion4. Selective Permeability5. Osmosis6. Facilitated Diffusion7. Active Transport8. Endocytosis9. Exocytosis

Quiz #2:cont… 10. Hypotonic Solution11. Hypertonic

Solution12. Isotonic Solution13. ATP

Mag:______

Mag:______

Mag:______


6. Why is maintaining homeostasis so important to the cell?

7. How are plants cells different from animal cells? Give at least 2 ways.

8. What does it mean to say that the plasma (cell) membrane is “selective permeable”?

9. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar (what do they have in common)?

10. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Name_______________________

In this lab, you will observe the process of osmosis and diffusion. Procedure I. Dialysis Tubing (Model of a Cell Membrane): Diffusion

1. Obtain a piece of dialysis tubing that has been soaked in water. Tie off one end of the tubing to form a little baggie. Open the other end by rubbing the end between your fingers. 2. Fill the bag ½ full of the starch solution. Tie a knot at the open end of the tubing. 3. Fill a plastic cup about two-thirds full with water.4. Add approximately 8 drops of Iodine to the water in the cup and record the color of the solution. Is there starch in the water? ____________________ How do you Know? _____________________________ ******Record your results in the Data table.7. Place the bag in the cup of water and let it sit overnight. **Be sure to put your name on your cup.8. After the cup has sat overnight, record the color of the solution in the bag and the color of the solution in the cup. Is there starch in the baggie? _________ How do you know? _____________________________ Is there starch in the water in the cup? ________ How do you know? ********Record your results in the Data table.9. Dispose of your cup and tubing. Clean your area.

DATA TABLE:

Initial contents Beginning starch resultsToday (Observations) (+ or -)

Final StarchResults (tomorrow) (Observations) (+ or -)

Baggie Starch/WaterCup Water/IKI

II. Egg Lab: OsmosisDAY 1 PROCEDURE:

1. On a piece of tape, label one beaker with your name.2. Mass your egg. Record this in the data table.3. Place enough syrup in the beaker to just cover your egg.4. Place your egg in the beaker and allow it to sit over night. The egg may float. This is fine. Don’t worry

your egg is safe.DAY 2 PROCEDURE:

1. Gently remove your egg from the syrup and mass it. Record this mass in the data table.2. Clean your beaker with soap and water.3. Place enough water in the beaker to just cover your egg.4. Place your egg in the beaker and allow it to sit over night

DAY 3 PROCEDURE: 7


1. Gently remove your egg from the water and mass it. Record this mass in the data table.2. Clean your beaker with soap and water.3. Dispose of your egg in the trash can.4. Calculate the differences and determine what type of solution the syrup and water were with respect to the egg.

RESULTS and DATA (USE A PENCIL)

Mass of egg before placed in

solutionMass of egg after placed in solution

Difference(how much did it lose or

gain?)( - = lost, + =

gained)

Observations of the eggWhat did it look like? How was it

different?Type of solution

SYRUP ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

WATER ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Part I:

1. What cellular structure does the dialysis tubing represent?

2. Did the starch leave the baggie?

3. Did the iodine enter the baggie?

4. Which molecule do you think is larger iodine or starch? Why?

5. Why is the cell membrane referred to as “selectively or semi-permeable”?

Part II:

6. When the egg was placed in the water after being removed from the syrup on the second day, in which direction did the water molecules move? WHY?__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

7. In the following three boxes, make a sketch of the three types of solution. Show which way the water will move (into or out of a cell) in each of the solution (Hint: look at your notes on page 6)

Type of solution: ______________ _______________ _______________

8. Why is drinking salt water “bad” for you? What exactly does it do to your cells?

9. What is osmosis?

10. If you put a cell that is 10% glucose in water that is 5% glucose, which way will the water flow?

11. Maria placed a cell in an unknown solution and the cell began to shrink. Explain to Maria, in at least four complete sentences, what is happening to her egg.

8


Test review LabStation #1: (a red blood cell is placed in a solution)

Station 2: Elodea LeafView the Elodea Leaf. Make a sketch and label.1) What type of organism is it? Animal, plant, bacteria, or Fungi? How do you know?

2) Eukaryotic or prokaryotic? How do you know?

3) What are the green “balls” inside each cell? What do they do?

Station 3: Organelles1) Sally went to the store and got all of the stuff to make a cake. She put it all on the counter next to the recipe and the stove. She then made the cake.

a) In the above situation, which of the objects would function the closest to the DNA in a cell?

b) Which of the objects would function the closest amino acids in a cell?

c) Which of the objects would function the closest to ribosomes in a cell?

Station #4; Rest and Catch upStation #5:Make a sketch of a cell membrane. Use the following as you label you diagram: Hydrophobic, hydrophilic, phospholipid, protein channel.

Station #6: Is it Prokaryotic or is it Eukaryotic?Plant: ______________ Human:_______________Bacteria:____________ Mushroom:_____________E.coli ______________ Lion:__________________Algae:______________ You: __________________

Station #7

Station #8:

9

List three differences between plant cells and animal cells.

What are the 3 part of the “cell theory?” 1-___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _2-__________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __3-__________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _

How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? Give at least 2 differences.

What do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have in common?

Which have been around longer?

How does the cell membrane help maintain homeostasis?

What type of solution is this?

Which way will the water flow?

What is going to happen to the cell (shrink, swell, nothing)?

A woman recently died during a radio contest to see who could drink the most water the fastest. Using your knowledge of types of solutions, explain what happened to her cells and why?

40% Glucose

Inside the red blood cell is 20% Glucose


Station #9: Rest and Catch upStation #10:

Station #11:

Station 12; Rest and Catch upStation 13: What will happen?

Station #14: Vinn Diagram

Cell Organelle MoviesYour job is to create an educational movie that can be shown in class to help students understand the structure and function of the 14 organelles listed below. You should include a picture of each organelle as well as the function. Your movie should begin with a description of “What is a cell?” and “What are organelles?” If you use pictures from the internet, there should be something at the end that gives credit to your sources (biography). Students in Biology should be able to watch your movie and pass a test about the functions of these 14 organelles. Good luck, and be creative!

Organelle Major Functions

Golgi

Ribosome

Nucleus

Lysosome

ChloroplastMitochondri

a

10

Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic .

Describe each type of solution and make a sketch of a cell placed in that type of solution. Use arrows to show water movement into or out of the cell.

Passive Transport Active Transport

Venn DiagramPut the following in the venn diagram: Need energy High to low Low to high Does not need energy Molecules pass through cell membrane Facilitated diffusion Simple Diffusion Osmosis

Complete with the words isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic: 1. Solution with fewer solute molecules than the cell:________________________________2. Solution with more solute molecules than the cell: ________________________________3. The cell has a higher water concentration than the solution: ________________________________4. The cell has a lower water concentration than the solution: ________________________________5. Water enters the cell: ________________________________6. Water leaves the cell: ________________________________7. Water concentrations are equal: ________________________________8. When a cell is placed in this solution, it shrinks________________________________9. When a cell is placed in this solution, it enlarges: ________________________________


1. Mitochondria 2. Cell Membrane 3. Cell Wall 4. Gogli Apparatus 5. Ribosome

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum 7. Nucleus8. Lysosome9. Chloroplasts10. Vacuole

11. Vesicles12. Centrioles13. Cilia14. Flagella

11