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Significance of Environment
Management
What is Environment management?
Environment management is the process of
allocating natural and man-made resources so
as to make optimum use of the environment in
satisfying not only the present basic human
need but of the coming generation as also.
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Significance of Environment
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This management implies an element of consciouschoice from a variety of alternatives proposals andfurthermore that such a choice involves purposeful
commitment for recognized and desired objectives.Environmental management is not merely amanagement of environment but it is essentiallythe management of various activities withintolerable constraints imposed by theenvironment itself and with full consideration ofecological factors.
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Significance of Environment
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Characteristics features of the environmentalmanagement
It deals with a world affected by humans
It supports sustainable development
It demands a multidisciplinary approach
It has to integrate different development viewpoints
The times scale involved extends the short term
and concern ranges from local to global and It seeks to integrate natural and social science,
policy making and planning.
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Management
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Significance of Environment
Management
For the progress of mankind as well as to
maintain the quality of life, at least a minimum
level, the entire environment, both physical and
cultural should be properly managed.
Environmental deterioration is due to
mismanagement. Hence, available and potential
resources along with essential elements ofenvironment must be scientifically analyzed and
managed.
Significance of Environment
Management
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Significance of Environment
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Definition of Environment Management
Environment management is concerned with the man-environmentinterface, that complex boundary where bio-physical and socio-cultural systems interact. Hare, 1970
An approach which goes beyond natural resources management toencompass the political and social as well as the naturalenvironment. By Clarke, 1999
The process of allocating natural and artificial resources so as tomake optimum use of the environment in satisfying basic humanneeds at the minimum, and more, if possible, on a sustainablebasic. (Jolly, 1978)
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Significance of Environment
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Today world is facing great Environmental crisisand therefore this is an urgent need for themanagement of total environment specially for
the developing countries.The first three things that are needed to are
1. Identify goals
2. Establish whether these can be met.3. Develop and implement means to do what is
deems possible.
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Management
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Management
Objectives of Environmental Management
To prevent and solve environmental problems
To establish limits
To develop research institutions and monitoring systems To warn threats and identify opportunities
To suggest measures for resource conservation
To develop a strategy for the improvements of quality
To suggest long-term and short-term policies forsustainable development
To identify new technology for future development
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Significance of Environment
Management
Introduction
Different life forms with varying characteristics exist innature. This variation in their characteristics can mainlybe attributed to the environmental conditions under
which they exist. E.G biodiversity of rain forest plants aredifferent then that of polar regions.
The food habits, of various human species vary as perthe available resources in the ecosystem where theyexist. Thus it can be said that Life Forms in the biosphereare surviving within certain ranges of environmentalconditions, and these conditions help the bio-chemicalcycles and process to occur within the species.
Management Concept
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All the natural ecosystems have the capacity tomaintain themselves in a stage of dynamicequilibrium with their surroundings provided there
is no interference from other factors outside therequired environment.
Owing to the interaction between the system andits environment, the ecosystem receives a cyclic
renewable resource from the environment as input.This input received by the system in then madeavailable to the consumers existing in the system.
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Significance of Environment
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Owing to the interaction between the systemand its environment, the ecosystem receives acyclic renewable resource from the environment
as input. This inputreceived by the system inthen made available to the consumers existingin the system.
This consumption of the resource from thesystem is known as an outputform of matter orenergy.
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Significance of Environment
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It is evident that the analysis of existence of life forms inan ecosystem, ultimately depends upon the applicationof concept of material and energy balance.
This concept of balance is based on the Law of
Conservation of Mass and Energy. The Law states thatNo matter or energy can be produced but can beconverted from one to form another
Both these types of balances, combined together, canassess the Environmental Balance of the ecosystem.Difference in the quantum of input and output of aresource from an ecosystem defines the accumulation ofthat resource in that ecosystem.
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Therefore we can say
Resources Input to the system Resource Output from the system
= Accumulation of the resource in the system
(INPUT OUTPUT = SURPLUS)
anagemen oncep
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Significance of Environment
Management
Such analysis, assessing the quantum of
accumulation of a resource, defines the
richness of an ecosystem with respect to the
abiotic resource. E.g. utilization of waterreceived by the ecosystem will be lesser
compared to the input to the system. This
makes the ecosystem rich in water resource.
Management Concept
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Significance of Environment
ManagementManagement of natural resources thus reserves primeimportance in preservation of environmental quality of a
particular region. Since human race is the greatest consumer of
the natural resources, the interaction between human
population and resources defines the environmental quality for
a region. This interaction ultimately attributes extremes
importance to the finite resources. Rapid increase in population
results in over exploitation of finite resources which, in due
course leads in its value addition.
Management Concept
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Significance of Environment
ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
Environmental damage is inevitable to occur as development progress.
Growing population is bound to increase the pressure on utilization of
environmental resources. This has a specific reference to the
underdeveloped countries. Environmental damage can be minimized through
advanced planning and careful implementation of relevant policies. A major
part of scientific and technological developments has been directed towards
generation of elevation of means for enhancement in human comforts.
Advanced marketing techniques & greed of human to acquire more comforts
& associated elevation of social status, further accelerated such demands
that were fulfilled through rapid industrialization.
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Significance of Environment
ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
Some of the important factors that can be attributed to achieve
improvements in our living standards through the application of
science and technology are
Production of better quality food in requisite quantities.
Supply of safe portable water with minimization of incidences of
water-borne infectious diseases.
Invention of new faster transportation
Provisions of safe shelters under hygienic environment (Ruralsanitation facilities)
Preservation of environmental quality
Mitigation of adverse effects due to natural disasters eg. Droughts,
floods, volcano eruption, etc.
Management Concept
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Management
POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
History of Population Explosion
Industrial Revolution
Improved agricultural practices
World War II
Advancement in science and Technology
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POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
Resource Availability
Air, land and ocean (water) resources are the important
primary natural resources. It has been recognized thatprimary resources like land and oceans requireconsiderable engineering & technological input toderive secondary resources from them. Thisnecessitates action for their effective management.Ocean resources are already under stress due to over-fishing and pollution.
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Significance of Environment
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POPULATION AND ENVIRO NMENT
Resource Availability
Land is considered as the basic & limited resource due to itsfinite nature. Land as a primary resource is being used for the
following specific requirement.Maintenance of forests
Production of food and fiber
Urban developments
Industrial plants, timber production, Mineral extrationsWildlife habitat
Recreation of various types.
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Significance of Environment
ManagementPOPULATION AND ENVIRONM ENT
Effect of Over
Population on the Environment
Management Concept
Environmenta
l resource
misuse
Over
Population
Individual
Waste
Shortage
PeopleHuman
Resource
Pollution
Breakdownstructure
Social
Failure
8. Air quality
9. Water quality
1. Energy Sources
2. Topsoil & standing Crop
3. Agricultural land4. Recreational & open land
5. Species
6. Water supply
7. Disease Areas
Land, Air,
Water
Depletion
16. Employment
17. Education
14. Housing15. Community facilities
10 Transportation
11. Water disposal
12. Visual order
13. Noise
18. Civil order
19. Crime
20. Health
21. Nutrition
22. Narcotics & Alcohols
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Significance of Environment
ManagementConcept of Environmental Management
It is not only the industrial activities that pollutes the environment but also the
wastes discharged from residential and commercial sources causes
environmental stress. Different type of waste is being released by the human
beings in the environment. These are characteristics of the quality of life and
living standard of the concerned population. Therefore rural sanitation &
upliftment are of prime importance in the developing countries. This has direct
relationship with economy, population growth, natural calamities and illiteracy.
Such fundamental aspects of development, resources limitation and
inadequacy, population growth, socio political and natural interferences define
the complexity of the issue of environmental management.
Management Concept
C
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Significance of Environment
ManagementObjective and Components of Environment Management (EM)
Multidimensional approach of EM brings following specific objectivesfor consideration
Management of natural resources exploitation through regulation
Protection of environmental quality through pollution control
Efforts to maintain the ecological balance through multiple use ofresources
Preservation of Biodiversity
Minimizing the adverse effects on environmental through adoption of
concepts of concepts of cleaner technology of production Formulation and implementation of environmental regulation and
laws
Management Concept
M C
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Significance of Environment
ManagementComponents of environmental ManagementA generalized list of identified list of components requiring attention toarrive at effective EM strategies is as follows
Efficient and cost effective control measures for atmospheric, aquaticand land pollution to avoid environmental degradation.
Adoption of efficient, cost effective and low waste generating productiontechnologies to avoid over exploitation of resources including energy.
Implementation of cleaner technology of production to achieve a steptowards sustainable development.
Adopting recommended tools for environmental management achieving
sustainable development Viz,o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
o Environmental Audits (EA)
o Environmental Risk Assessment (EIRA)
Management Concept
M C
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Significance of Environment
ManagementComponents of environmental Management
Undertaking promotional measures for environmental awareness among the public &
propagation of environmental perception in common mass through educational &
Awareness programmes.
Provisions for imparting environmental education and training at schools, colleges and
also through Panchayats & Nagar Parishads for rural population. UNESCO, UNEP
(United National Education Conference (EEC))have carried out extensive work in this
respect.
Control measures to reduce population over growth.
Control over consumption & Over exploitation of resources
Efforts for establishing social equity with specific reference to third world countries.
Management Concept
M C
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Significance of Environment
ManagementAgenda For Global Environmental Protection
Management Concept
M t C t
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Significance of Environment
ManagementEnvironmental Management In A Socio-economicContext And Agenda 21United Nations, Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNMCED)
This conference was held in Rio De Janerio, Brazil in1992.
Its purpose was to reconcile economic developmentwith environment protection.
Agenda 21 of this conference is a comprehensivestatement of concerns, findings and recommendedactions on specific environmental areas.
Management Concept
M t C t
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Minimizing Environmental Contamination ProblemsWith Specific Reference to Hazardous Waste
Waste recycling (recovery of materials used orproduced by a process for different use or direct re-use
in-house)Materials recovery(the processing of waste streams torecover material which can be feedstock forconservation to another product)
Waste re-use (the direct re-use of the wastes as it is,without further processing).
Management Concept
M t C t
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ManagementTypical elements of the process modification
aspects of waste reduction at sourceModification of the process pathway
Improved control measures
Equipment modificationChanges in operational setting/environment
Product substitution
Management Concept
M t C t
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ManagementTypical tasks for a good and efficient house-
keepingMaterial handling improvement
Spill and leak monitoring, collection and prevention
Preventive maintenanceInventory Control
Waste control
Waste steam segregation
Management Concept