22
What to Expect
• Time• Questions/Answers• Technical issues? Go to
http://support.citrixonline.com/en_US/GoToTraining
33
Overview
• How and why is APA different from other citation styles?
• Reference list examples• In-text citation examples• Questions
44
Poll: Does Formatting Matter?
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal
of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
55
Same information, different audiences
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal
of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
APA
MLA
Chicago
66
Why all the rules?
• Couldn’t there just be one overarching style?• Each style communicates the same
information, so why are there formatting rules at all?
• Why do instructors and writing tutors seem to care so much about correct APA style?
77
Consistency
• Assists readers in recognizing a writer's ideas and information; allows writers to express themselves clearly and easily to readers.
• Helps you engage your readers, so they can focus on your ideas, not formatting inconsistencies.
• Choose one rule and stick with it.
88
APA style is designed specifically to communicate information about your field to an audience of scholars in your same field.
99
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.”
Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
Author
APA
MLA
Chicago
1010
The Role of the Author
• Author’s identity is less important than data in social sciences.
• Social scientists examine trends in data, rather than following the work of an individual author.
• A social science audience doesn’t need to know the author’s first name.
1111
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal
of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. "Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
Publication Year
APA
MLA
Chicago
1212
Data Relevance
• A study published in 1940 is not equal to a study published in 2011.
• Year of study helps reader evaluate its relevance to his or her own research.
• In social sciences, year study was published is more important than author identity.
1313
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.”
Journal of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
APA
MLA
Chicago
Article Title
1414
Purpose of Title
• To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee• Paradigms, praxis, problems, and promise:
Grounded theory in counseling psychology research, by R.E. Fassinger
• Title of novel is poetic, metaphorical• Title of article is informative, descriptive• Sentence case improves ability to scan for
information
1515
Journal Formatting: No Method to this Madness
• Sometimes rules are just rules.• Memorize APA formatting for journal
information.• Example: Best Journal Ever, 14(2), 13-15.
1616
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal
of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
Kallman Arneson, Brittany. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-Writing.” Journal
of Writing and Dessert 5.2 (2012): 12-16. Web. 30 October 2012.
Kallman Arneson, Brittany A. “Chocolate as a Critical Component of Effective Paper-
Writing.” Journal of Writing and Dessert 5, no. 2 (2012): 12-16. Accessed October 30, 2012.
http://www.yummyjournal.org/chocolate.
APA
MLA
Chicago
Web Retrieval Information
1717
Source Retrieval
• The previous edition of the APA manual required authors to provide information about the database where they found a source.
• However, not every reader has access to every database.
• APA now requires either a DOI or the direct URL to the journal website.
1818
Your “Aha” Moment!
• APA formatting rules aren’t random.• Following the rules correctly helps you
communicate your specific content to fellow scholars in your field.
• Questions so far?
1919
In-Text Citations
• Give information in the body of the paper that reader can use to locate source in reference list.
• Help you give proper credit to other sources.• Show that your topic is relevant!• Are MUCH simpler than reference formatting.
2020
Reference → In-Text Citation
Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
2121
• Kallman Arneson, B. (2012). Chocolate as a critical component of effective paper-writing. Journal of Writing and Dessert, 5(2), 12-16. doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.253
2222
3 Consistent Components
• Last name(s) of author or authors• Publication year• Page or paragraph number, only for direct
quotations (not paraphrases)
2323
Parenthetical vs. In-Sentence Citations
• Parenthetical citations come at the end of the sentence, in parentheses.
• Example: “When students eat chocolate, their writing improves” (Kallman Arneson, 2012, p. 12).
• In-sentence citations are included as part of your sentence.
• Example: Kallman Arneson (2012) found that when students ate chocolate, their writing improved.
2424
Discussion board posting
Godmother, F. (2010, June 29). Re: Pumpkin
enchantment [Online discussion group]. Retrieved
from
http://laureate.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?
CourseID=2321812&Survey=1&47=2565415&Clien
tNodeID=404183&
2525
Correct Answer: A
(Godmother, 2010, para. 2).
• All information goes inside parentheses in a parenthetical citation
• Components of citation are separated by commas
• In non-paginated source, use paragraph numbers.
2626
Video embedded in a course
Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The
art being a French elephant [Video webcast].
Retrieved from
http://www.madeupwaldenvideos.com
2727
Correct Answer: B
(Laureate Education, Inc., 2010).
• Producer’s name goes in author slot• Include full name of producer or authoring
organization the first time, but use an acronym in each subsequent reference if using it throughout the paper
2828
Video embedded in a course
Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (2010). The
art being a French elephant [Video webcast].
Retrieved from
http://www.madeupwaldenvideos.com
2929
Correct Answer: A
Babar reviewed how to wear a beret (LaureateEducation, Inc., 2010).
• Refer to speaker’s name in body of sentence• Still use producer name in parenthetical
reference.• Key is giving reader the context for what you
are discussing.
3030
Course lecture notes
Professor, A., & Instructor, B. (2010). Silly
reference examples and student engagement
[Lecture notes]. Retrieved from
http://www.exactURLofthenotes.com
3131
Correct Answer: C
(Professor & Instructor, 2010).
• No need for page numbers when paraphrasing.
• Use ampersand (&) inside parentheses, but spell out “and” outside parentheses.
3333
Publication Year Rules
• Only include the publication year for the first sentence citation of a source. Any subsequent in-sentence citations in that paragraph don’t need to include the year.
• If you begin a new paragraph, the rule starts over.
• Always include the year in a parenthetical citation.