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OPERATIONAL PLANNINGOPERATIONAL PLANNING
MissiMissiononVisioVisionnGoalGoalss
HETC PROJEC
T
PROPOSALUniversity of ……………..
We are here We are here nownow
Data Data CollectiCollecti
onon
Data Data AnalysisAnalysis
Problem Problem IdentificatiIdentificati
onon
ImprovemeImprovement Plannt Plan
- Designing - Designing ActivitiesActivities
Internal Environment Internal Environment
Organizational Culture
ResourcesHuman; Physical;Financial
Process & Services
Output & Outcome
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Having identified the problems, root causes of problems, and possible solutions, the taskforce should select the most suitable set of solutions from all possible solutions
Convert the selected set of solutions into activities and sub-activities, including estimates of resources required
Conceptualizing the Conceptualizing the Improvement PlanImprovement Plan
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IMPROVEMENT PLANIMPROVEMENT PLAN
PRESENT PRESENT CONDITIONCONDITION
Comprehensiveness Coherence Clarity Soundness
DESIRED DESIRED CONDITIONCONDITION
IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENT PLANPLAN
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IDENTIFIEDIDENTIFIEDPROBLEMSPROBLEMS ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES IMPROVEMENT IMPROVEMENT
PLANPLAN
• SWOT• Force-Field• PEST• Gapetc
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FORCE-FIELD ANALYSISFORCE-FIELD ANALYSIS
PROBLEMPROBLEM Forces – Factors
influencing problems
Driving Forces change an equilibrium towards favourable conditions
Restraining Forces change an equilibrium towards unfavourable conditions
Certain conditions in a working organization
resulting dissatisfaction
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CONSTRUCTING ACTIVITIESCONSTRUCTING ACTIVITIES
Restraining ForcesRestraining Forces
Driving ForcesDriving Forces
1 2 3 4
1’ 2’ 3’ 4’
Activity 1:• Reducing Factor 2• Reducing Factor 4• Increasing Factor 2’
Activity 2:• ……………………• ……………………• ……………………
Activity 3:• ……………………• ……………………• ……………………
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DESIGNING ACTIVITIESDESIGNING ACTIVITIES
InvestmenInvestment based t based
ProposalProposal
E.g. Improving laboratory facilities
E.g. Improving Skills
should be transformed to
An investment cannot be claimed as an An investment cannot be claimed as an activity !activity !
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DESIGNING ACTIVITIESDESIGNING ACTIVITIES
Rules to observe in designing an Activity
Activity is Not just an Investment
Activity should have clear Output
Activity should have clear Reason/Rationale
Why do we need to have this activity
Why we select this activity rather than others
What is this activity aimed at
An investment is just a direct consequence of having an activity
(necessary Resources Required to conduct that activity) !
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DESIGNING ACTIVITIESDESIGNING ACTIVITIES
Criteria of a Good Activity Simple – not complicated
Measurable – achievement/progress can be measured
Achievable – the scope is manageable
Rewarding – Output/Outcome contribute to the objectives
Timeframe – properly planned staging
Sustainable – does not stop at the end of the project life
Students as the Primary Students as the Primary Beneficiary !Beneficiary !
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ACTIVITY FORMAT ACTIVITY FORMAT (Guidelines – pp.10-11)(Guidelines – pp.10-11)
Why the activity is needed (link to problems) & How it would solve problems
What are the Objectives, Outcomes & Beneficiaries
How the activity will be implemented (sub-activities)
When the activity will be carried out (time-schedule)
What are the resources needed
………………………………………………………
How its effectiveness will be measured
How to sustain the activity
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ACTIVITY – EXAMPLEACTIVITY – EXAMPLE
:
Improving English Language Skills of Undergraduate Students
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Background & RationaleBackground & Rationale
• Graduate employment rate low
• Their English language skills do not satisfy present job market
• English courses are offered but motivation of students is low
• Undergraduates have inadequate levels of English proficiency- less opportunities available at the university for improvement
• Undergraduates should be provided more learning opportunities to improve English language Skills
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Objective(s)Objective(s)
Students would be able to
• complete the specified English language skills certification programme satisfactorily
• follow selected courses in the degree programme in English medium without difficulties
• find a good employment within a short period after the graduation
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Mechanism& DesignMechanism& Design
• English language skills certification programme linked to labor market needs
• Motivating students for self-learning (selected Courses in English medium, assignments etc)
• Monitoring & Evaluation
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Implementation ScheduleImplementation Schedule
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Resources RequiredResources Required
• Instructors
• Audio-visual & other equipment for language lab
• Books, other self learning materials etc.
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Performance indicatorsPerformance indicators
• Outcome Indicator: Proportion of students completing the English language skills certification programme
• Intermediate Outcome indicator:No of students enrolled in English
language skills certification programme
• Auxiliary indicator:………………….
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SustainabilitySustainability
• Make the English language skills certification programme compulsory
• Financial sustainability: University funds/generated funds
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UNSUSTAINABLE ACTIVITYUNSUSTAINABLE ACTIVITYSYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS
1.Waiting Time for the First job – High
2.First Salary – Low
3.Ability to compete with other graduates – Low
Proposed ActivityProposed ActivityImproving Improving
English Language English Language SkillsSkills
POSSIBLE PROBLEMSPOSSIBLE PROBLEMS1.Poor Management Skills
2.Poor ICT Skills
3.Poor English Language Skills
INFLUENCING FACTORSINFLUENCING FACTORS1. Poor Management Skills2. Students’ English Proficiency – Low3. Staff English Proficiency – Low4. Course Units in English Medium – None 5. Library Collection in English – Inadequate6. Literature Survey assignments – None7. Language Centre – Available8. Student Motivation to learn English – Low
Mechanism & DesignMechanism & DesignIntensive English Course for Final
Year Students at the Language Centre
Resources RequiredResources Required•Short-Term Staff Training
•Equipment for Language Centre(s)
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SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITYSUSTAINABLE ACTIVITYSYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS
1.Waiting Time for the First job – High
2.First Salary – Low
3.Ability to compete with other graduates – Low
Proposed ActivityProposed ActivityImproving Improving
English Language English Language SkillsSkills
POSSIBLE PROBLEMSPOSSIBLE PROBLEMS1.Poor Management Skills
2.Poor ICT Skills
3.Poor English Language Skills
INFLUENCING FACTORSINFLUENCING FACTORS1. Poor Management Skills2. Students’ English Proficiency – Low3. Staff English Proficiency – Low4. Course Units in English Medium – None 5. Library Collection in English – Inadequate6. Literature Survey assignments – None7. Language Centre – Available8. Student Motivation to learn English – Low
Mechanism & Mechanism & DesignDesign
•Course Units in English
•Literature Surveys
•Motivating Students for Self Learning
Resources RequiredResources Required•Short-Term Staff Training
•Equipment for Language Centre(s)
•Self Learning Materials
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TYPICAL FLAWSTYPICAL FLAWS
No link to the Identified Problems; Failure to justify the Proposed Activity
Too Broad; No link to the Background
Vague; Too General; Confusion about Investments (Cost Components)
Wrong sequence; Inconsistent with Targets; Confusion about Investments (Cost Components)
Focus only on the Financial Aspect
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there are no favorable winds there are no favorable winds for those who do not know for those who do not know
where to go ….!where to go ….!