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CORILA. Palazzo Franchetti. S. Marco 2847. 30124 Venice. Italy. 041-2402511. www.corila.it

Venice Lagoon SystemPierpaolo Campostrini1, Donata Melaku Canu2, Simona Dalla Riva1, Roberto Pastres3, Lara Pizzo4, Luca Rossetto4, Cosimo

Solidoro2

1CORILA, Palazzo Franchetti, San Marco 2847 30124 Venezia, Italy2OGS National Institute of Oceanography and Geophisics- Borgo Grotta Gigante 42 c 34010 Sgonico Trieste, Italy

3University Ca’ Foscari of Venice-Dept of Chemistry-Physics, Dorsoduro 2137, 30121 Venezia, Italy4University of Padua-Dept of Land and Agro-Forestry, AGRIPOLIS-Viale dell’Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy

SPICOSA is an EU Integrated Project in the framework of the VI FP that

will strengthen research throughout the European Region and produce

products useful to society. The project’s goal is to create a self-

evolving, operational framework for delivering prognostic assessments

of policy options for the sustainable management of coastal zones.

The methodological product is called Systems Approach Framework(SAF), that will develop a balance among Ecological,

Social and Economic (ESE) sectors of Coastal System, expanding the conventional application of the System Approach to the

larger CZ System. By employing the integrated ESE model, SPICOSA will increase the potential for quick evaluation of policy

changes.

SPICOSA will test and improve the SAF in 18 Study Site Applications

(SSAs) all over Europe. In order that the SAF become an operable tool

for both Science and Policy, demonstrating its applicability to Integrated

Coastal Zone Management over a wide variety of coasts that differ in

geomorphology, environmental conditions, culture and human activities.

http://www.spicosa.org

issue

Acquaculture of Tapes philippinarum

goal

Sustainable use of Lagoon Ecosystem and Tapes philippinarum stock

exploring the sensitivity of the system to:

-Changes in biological parameters (density, mortality rate)

-Changes in economic parameters (external costs, fishing strategies)

-Size and location of the areas under concession

-Changing Climate Scenarios

Sustainable management of the clam Tapes philippinarum

History

•1983: Tapes philippinarum introduction

•1983-1990 clam colonisation

•From1990: fishermen started to fish in open access regime/ social tensions/poor quality

•1999: catches decline

•2001: allocation of aquaculture concessions

•2005: extension of aquaculture concessions

•Negative impacts: sediment resuspension, benthic habitat alteration

•Economic Relevance: 60% of national production

•Number of fishermen: around 1000;

•estimated gross annual production: 180 Million Euro

Systems Approach Framework(SAF)

1.DESIGN STEP

Ecological

Social

Economic

D

R

I

V

I

N

G

S

Natural Anthropogenic

Solar radiation

winds

tide

Fishery, clam harvesting

boats

Householdings,

Tourism,

Industrial activities,

Agriculture,

Cattle

Rain, snow

P

R

E

S

S

U

R

E

S

Heat fluxes

Light transmission

Water currents

Sea lagoon exchanges

Sediment resuspension

Rivers discharges discharges

Nutrient inputsAtmospheric emissions

Toxic inputs

S

T

A

T

E

S

I

M

P

A

C

T

S

R

E

S

P

O

N

S

E

S

temperature

Macrophyte,

phytoplankton

Suspended solids

Nutrients in sediment Nutrients in water

Toxic in sediment

Toxic in waterDissolved oxygen bacteria

Alteration: Primary producers

Composition, abundance, distribution

Biodiversity loss

Turbidity increaseAlteration: nutrients Concentration and

distribution in water and sediment

Alteration: toxic substances

Concentration and distribution

in water and sediment

MOSE building

Alteration Clam filtering

efficiency reduction

Alteration: Clam growth

performancesAlteration: Clam quality

for human use

DPSIR-Drive, Pressure, State, impact, Response

* Elimination processes include: faeces excretion, dilution associated with growth, and metabolic transformation.

SUISTAINABLE

POLICIES:Catches, fishing efforts,

area, location

Initial clam size distribution

Initial clam density

growth

size distribution

mortality

density

Total biomass

Organic chemicalsIn water

clearance

feeding

Elimination*

Organic chemical conc.In T. philippinarum

[g kg-1]

Water

Temperature

Concentratioof seston

Energy content of seston

Bioavailable organic chemical conc. in water

Organic chemical conc. in sediments

POC, DOC, DO conc., OC fraction in

sedimets

Impacts!!!

Pollutants in

T. philippinarum[g kg-1]

Size distribution anddensities of

T. Philippinarum [g m-2]

Fishermendecide to catch clam

Stock Quality

Change in fishermen income

Change instock value

Change in ecosystem services

Effects on local community

Value of recreational

service, tourism

Prices

Costs

Discount rate

Technology

CHOICE OF SITE(S)

Size distribution,densities, growth rate of

T. Philippinarum

Organic chemicalin T. Philippinarum

Organic chemicals

in diet items ofT. philippinarum [g kg-

1]

Income/value !!!

Impacts!!!

Conceptual model

2.FORMULATION

STEP

Ecological

Social

Economic

Modelling tools:

-Tapes philippinarum bioenergetic and

bioeconomic model

-0D and 2D application coupling with

TDM (biogeochemical model)

-Computes variable costs such as seeding costs, monitoring costs,

gasoline costs, labour costs)

-Computes average revenue and yearly revenue for each fishing

unit (boat)3. APPRAISAL

STEP

Ecological

Social

Economic

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

1 43 85 127 169 211 253 295 337 379 421 463 505 547 589 631 673 715 757 799 841 883

tempo, giorni

lun

gh

ezza,

mm

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1 42 83 124 165 206 247 288 329 370 411 452 493 534 575 616 657 698 739 780 821 862

Individual growth

model

Aquaculture:

growth curves

varying

seeding time

Aquaculture:

biomass curves

varying seeding

time

Economic model

0 90 180 270 3600

5.00000e-11

1.00000e-10

1.50000e-10

2.00000e-10

Time

ValuePlotter I/O

Mi pcb 77 Red Green

Black

Forcings: pcb 77 in

water (3.38 10-12 g/l)

pcb 77 in

sediment (2.70 10-8 g/l);

Quality model

INTEGRATION,

First Results:

evolution of

Catch, Sales, Cost

and Added Value.

Varying the

schedule of

seeding, from

january to

decemberProfitable

choice!!!

Population dynamic

model

Aquaculture model

4.OUTPUT

STEP

Ecological

Social

Economic

Appraisal Integrated Coastal Zone

Management options is seen as a

dynamic and iterative process →

stakeholders’ views and positioning can

evolve over time

Policy –enduserinterface

Scenario evaluation

Policy→Science Science →Policy

SAF System Approach Framework

Study Site Applications

Iterative

interaction

Conclusions

integrated model developed using Extend software,

able to simulate and assess:

- PRODUCTION

- QUALITY ►under different scenarios

- FISH MARKET

Extend Model Structure

Need to consider:

1. Who should be involved? Individuals, groups, or oganizations that

are affected, involved or interested in the issue

2. When should stakeholders be involved? Not all SHs need to be

involved during all the project, with varying levels of interest, can

take part in different steps of the SAF process

3. How should stakeholders be involved? Forum, bilateral meetings,

consultation, questionnaires, leaflets

Bioeconomic model of Tapes philippinarum and Sensitivity analysis to changes in price and mortality rate suggests that higher level of uncertainty

induce fishermen to increase pressure on resource, decreasing the harvesting size, increasing pressure on environment and impacts.

The integration of stakeholder knowledge, data and model, enable us to estimate ranges of sustainable clam production and fleet consistency.

Modelling results show high sensitivity to management strategies such as harvesting management and marketing (.i.e. ‘labelling’ and

‘certification’).

Stakeholder interactions show that there is a general concern regarding environmental and clam quality and safety.