2. 2Ni dung (tt)Ni dung (tt) Qu trnh boot Linux Boot loader (boot manager) Boot loader GRUB Boot loader LILO Kernel image v initrd Tin trnh init v file inittab Tin trnh rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/rc script Qu trnh shutdown Linux 3. 3Qu trnh boot linuxQu trnh boot linux 4. 4Qu trnh boot LinuxQu trnh boot Linux BIOS/ POST MBR (lilo hoc grub): cho php la chn hiu hnh boot. Kernel + initrd: load kernel v detecthardware. Mount root file system (read only) /sbin/init: tin trnh cha ca mi tin trnh. /etc/inittab: quyt nh run level v gi startcc dch v cn thit ca run level . Hin th ha nu runlevel 5. 5. 5Boot loaderBoot loader Boot loader hay cn gi l boot manager cho phpqun l nhiu h iu hnh, chn boot vo h iuhnh no. Hai boot loader ph bin ca Linux: LILO (LInux LOader) GRUB (GRand Unified Boot loader) Khi thay i file cu hnh, GRUB t ng nhn bit,LILO th phi dng lnh /sbin/lilo update cu hnh. Ngy nay, GRUB l boot loader mc nh ca i as cc h iu hnh Linux. 6. 6Boot loader GRUBBoot loader GRUB File cu hnh grub.conf:default=0timeout=10splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gzhiddenmenutitle Linux Fedora (2.6.5-1.358smp)root (hd0,0)kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.5-1.358smp ro root=LABEL=/ rhgbquietinitrd /initrd-2.6.5-1.358smp.imgtitle Windows server 20003rootnoverify (hd0,1)chainloader +1a u tin, partition u tin 7. 7Boot loader GRUB (tt)Boot loader GRUB (tt) Cch phn bit partition trong boot loaderGRUB khc vi cch thng thng caLinux. GRUB khng phn bit IDE, v SCSI. acng c hiu l: hd%d. %d: l s nguyn, bt u t zero chpartition u tin. LILO c cch hiu thng thng nh Linux:hdXY, sdXY. 8. 8Boot loader GRUB (tt)Boot loader GRUB (tt) Mt s lnh ca grub: s dng trong modegrub, hoc trong file grub.conf 9. 9Boot loader LILOBoot loader LILO File cu hnh lilo.conf:boot=/dev/hdaprompttimeout=10image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.5-1.358smplabel=Linux Fedora (2.6.5-1.358smp)root=/dev/hda1read-onlyother = /dev/hda2label=Windows server 2003table=/dev/hdaa IDE u tin, partition u tin 10. 10Boot loader LILO (tt)Boot loader LILO (tt) ci t LILO lm boot loader, dng lnh: /sbin/lilo yu cu phi c file lilo.conf G b boot loader LILO, dng lnh: /sbin/lilo u Tm hiu lnh lilo: man lilo Tm hiu file cu hnh boot loader lilo: man lilo.conf 11. 11Kernel image v initrdKernel image v initrd Kernel image l hnh nh nh nht ca kernelc nn thnh file vmlinuz-version.tar.gz. Kernel image cha nhng thnh phn quantrng cn thit u tin boot my tnh. initrd initial ram disk: c s dng detect phn cng v load driver. ng thi mount file systems di dng readonly tin hnh kim tra. 12. 12Tin trnh init v file inittabTin trnh init v file inittab Tin trnh init l cha ca mi tin trnh. Tin trnh init s tm c file /etc/inittab quyt nh runlevel no s c boot. Mi dng trong /etc/inittab c dng nh sau: id: runlevels:action:processNu khng nh ngha, sboot vo runlevel no??? 13. 13Tin trnh init (tt)Tin trnh init (tt) 14. 14Tin trnh rc.sysinitTin trnh rc.sysinit Tin trnh rc.sysinit thc thi nhng nhim v sau: thit lp hostname ca my tnh v detect mi trngnetwork. Mount /proc file system. Thit lp cc tham s ca kernel. Thit lp gi h thng, fonts. Khi to phn vng swap. Check file system v mount li mode read-write. Load nhng module cn thit. 15. 15/etc/rc.d/rc script/etc/rc.d/rc script Thc thi tt c script lin quan n run level. Vd: nu runlevel l 5, s gi thc thi ccscript trong /etc/rc.d/rc5.d Cc script ny l file symbolic link, link ncc script tht s, thng cha trong/etc/init.dstartstop 16. 16/etc/rc.d/rc script (tt)/etc/rc.d/rc script (tt) Nhng script c bt u bng S, h thng s gi chy lnh:/etc/rc.d/init.d/ start. Nhng script bt u bng K, h thng s gi chy lnh:/etc/rc.d/init.d stop. 17. 17Qu trnh shut down linuxQu trnh shut down linux 18. 18Hi & pHi & p