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GSM BTS ANTENNA
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OBJECTIVES To know GSM Antenna specifications and definitions To identify the difference between space and polarization diversity To comprehend the structure antenna system in a BTS SiteZTE University
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RADIO WAVES Is a form of electromagnetic radiation typically generated as disturbances sent out by oscillating charges on a transmitting antenna
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ANTENNA
An Antenna is any device used to collect or radiate Electromagnetic Waves
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ANTENNA ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESOperating Frequency Band Input impedance VSWR Polarization Gain Radiation Pattern Horizontal/Vertical beamwidth Downtilt Front/back ratio Sidelobe suppression and null filling Power capability 3rd order Intermodulation InsulationZTE University www.univ.zte.com.cnThe information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.
ANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Size Weight Radome material Appearance and color Working temperature Storage temperature Windload Connector types Package Size Lightning Protection
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ANTENNA BASIC STRUCTURE
Antenna are generally composed of stacked of dipole bundling their radiated power to form a desired antenna pattern in vertical plains around the antenna
Depending on the gain desired that wants to be achieved several of those diploes can be arranged on top of one another
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GENERATION OF RADIO WAVES DIPOLESWavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength Dipole
1800MHz 900MHz
166mm 333mm
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HALF WAVE DIPOLE
1
dipole
Multiple dipole matrixReceived Power 4 mW
Received Power 1mW
GAIN= 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd
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ISOTROPIC ANTENNA
Antenna (Overlook
Omnidirectional array Received power 1mW
Sector antenna Received power 8mW
Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi
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dBd and dBi GAIN COMPARISON
Ideal radiating dot source (lossless radiator)
2.15dB
0dBd = 2.15dBi
Dipole
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dBd and dBi GAIN COMPARISON
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ANTENNA ARRAYS
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GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE
Type GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM Dual Band
Frequency Range 890 1710 890 1710 960 MHz 1880 MHz 960 MHz 1880 MHz
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GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE
Optimum 1/2 wavelength for dipole at 925MHz
at 890 MHz
at 960 MHz Antenna Dipole
BANDWIDTH = 960 - 890 = 70MHz
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IMPEDANCE
Standard Value: 50;
Antenna Cable 50 ohms 50 ohms
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VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)
Forward: 10W 50 ohms Backward: 0.5W 80 ohms
9.5 W
Return Loss
10log(10/0.5) = 13dB
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
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VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)
VSWR 1.5 + = (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1) RetureLoss = -20lg +
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BEAMWIDTH
3dB Beamwidth Peak - 3dB
10dB Beamwidth Peak - 10dB 120 (eg)
60 (eg)
Peak Peak - 3dB
Peak
Peak - 10dB
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3dBm HORIZONTAL BEAMWIDTH Directional Antenna 65/90/105/120 Omni 360 Omni-directional Directional
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3dBm VERTICAL BEAMWIDTHOmni-directional Directional
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BEAMWIDTH
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ANTENNA STRUCTURE TYPESOmni-directional Directional
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RADIATION PATTERN
Typical Flat-Panel Antenna
Typical Omni Antenna ZTE University
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TWO TYPES OF DIVERSITY
1. SPACE DIVERSITY
2. POLARIZATION DIVERSITY
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POLARIZATION
Vertical
Horizontal
+ 45degree slant
- 45degree slant
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SPACE DIVERSITY
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POLARIZATION DIVERSITY
V/H (Vertical/Horizontal)
Slant (+/- 45)
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TYPES OF ANTENNA
Linear Polarization,vertical
X Polarization, s45r
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ANTENNA DOWN TILT
Mechanical down tilt Fixed electronic down tilt Adjustable electronic down tilt
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MECHANICAL DOWN TILT
It is achieved by physically tilting the antenna out of the perpendicular by using down tilt kit PROS: Cost efficient and flexible CONS: Has no effect on the side-lobe characteristics of the antenna
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILTInput Signal
Electrical downtilt can be fixed or switchable Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer Switchable allows adjustment in a certain lever on the rear of the antennawww.univ.zte.com.cn
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
Non down tilt
Electronic downtilt
Mechanical downtilt
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
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ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
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ANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENT
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FRONT-TOFRONT-TO-BACK RATIORatio of maximum mainlobe to maximum sidelobe
Back power
Front power
F/B = 10 log(FP/BP)
typically
25dB
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UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND NULL FILL
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UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND NULL FILL
Gain reduction as a function of (vertical angle)ZTE University www.univ.zte.com.cnThe information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.
INTERMODULATION (IM) It occurs when two signals of a different frequency mix in a nonlinear device It can be a problem at any site that has two or more transmitters It can be caused by a transmitter of the same system or by a transmitter in another site that is co-sited or has a site in the neighborhood
IMD@2v43dBm f1, f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1
913 MHz
936 MHz
959 MHz
982 MHz
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PERMITTED POWER
Continuous :25-1500 watts Peak value:n2vp
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ISOLATION
10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB
1000mW ( 1W)
1mW
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ANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
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DIMENSIONS LvWvH Length connected with vertical bandwidth and gain Width connected with horizontal bandwidth Height connected with techniques adopted
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WEIGHT A factor that can affect transmission and deployment
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RADOME MATERIAL PVC, Fiberglass Anti-temperature, water-proof antiaging weather resistant
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COLOR Good-looking Environment-protecting
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COLOR
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
OPERATING AND STORAGETypical range -40C +70C
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CONNECTOR TYPE
7/16DIN N SMA Female/male
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MAST
Mast diameter 45-90mm
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LIGHTNING PROTECTION
Direct Ground
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ANTENNA TYPESBy frequency band: GSM900, GSM1800, GSM900/1800 By polarization: Vertical, Horizontal, 45 linear polarization, circle polarization By pattern: By down-tilt: Omni-directional, directional Non, mechanical, electronic adjustment, remote control By function: Transmission, receiving, transceiving
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MULTIPLE BAND ANTENNA 870-960MHz and 1710-1880MHz Extended band option with 806960MHz Dual slant 45 polarization 65 horizontal beamwidth Band independent Teletilt control 17dBi gain in both bands Diplexed or Non-Diplexed versions Mechanical downtilt mounting optionZTE University www.univ.zte.com.cn
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FEEDER
7/8 MAIN FEEDER
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JUMPER CABLE1/2 JUMPER CABLE
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CONNECTOR7/16DIN-F DIN CONNECTOR 7/16DIN-M DIN & N CONNECTOR
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LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
Rf port 2
Grounding
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ACCESSORIES
Trimming Tool or Hand Tool Kit Clamp Earthing Kit Wall Glands Hoisting Stocking Universal Ground Bar
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ANTENNA SYSTEMAntenna
1/2 Clamp
7/16 Din Connector
1/2 Jumper Tower Top Amplifier 7/8 Cable 7/8 Cable Grounding Machine house 1/2 Jumper EMP Grounding clip
Grounding barCabinet
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