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“War Between the States”
Chapter 11The American Civil War
Lincoln received no support in the presidential campaign from the South because they believed he
wanted to end slavery. Since there were so many more people in the
North, he won the election.
As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. This means the South split from the
Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’
rights. They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they
could leave when they wanted. http://www.history.com/topics/
american-civil-war/videos#america-divided
February 4,1861 -First seven southern states secede to form Confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis started taking action to separate from the north
The Confederacy wanted the north to abandon southern area, including Fort Sumter
the commander at Fort Sumter, Major Robert Anderson, sent president Lincoln a message that the Confederacy was demanding he and his men surrender or face an attack
Major Anderson had food and ammunition that would last him and his men about 6 weeks
C.S.A
if he ordered his navy to shoot its way into Charleston harbor and reinforce Fort Sumter, he would start hostilities which would prompt slave states in the Union to secede
BUT…
if he ordered the fort to evacuate he would be giving power to the confederacy by treating it as a legitimate nation
Lincoln's dilemma...
He refused to abandon Fort Sumter or reinforce it and take over
Sent in "food for hungry men”Now the decision was up to Jefferson Davis If he did nothing, the Confederacy
would not be seen as an independent nation
if he attacked he would start a war Jefferson Davis chose war
Lincoln’s Plan
Began around 4:30 A.M. on April 12th
the fort was hit with more than 4,000 rounds before Major Anderson surrendered
First Shots
wanted 75,000 men for 3 months States in the upper South were unwilling to
fight against other southern states Virginia ended up seceding and then
Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina followed
brought C.S.A. to 11 Some citizens from the union fought for
confederacy. -Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri- four remaining slave states in the Union
Lincoln calls for soldiers
Most populated state in the South and most industrialized
Western counties of Virginia were antislavery, so they seceded from Virginia and were admitted into the Union as West Virginia in 1863
Virginia
What if Virginia had not seceded from the Union in 1861?
1. What was the main goal for the North and the South in the war? What were they fighting for?
2. Who ended up taking over Fort Sumter? Who took the first shots to start the war?
3. Was war necessary for the South to attempt to become their own country?
Essential Questions
Advantages Large population 90% of industry goods Controlled navy good military leaders
Disadvantages Faced hostile people Unfamiliar with south
Union
Advantages Strong support Familiar territory Great military leaders
Disadvantages Smaller population Fewer factories/ships
Confederacy
3 part plan Step 1-block Southern ports- stop
exports and imports Move down the Mississippi River and
split the Confederacy in two capture the Confederate capital at
Richmond, Virginia = Anaconda Plan
North's plan for battle
Anaconda Plan
survival as a nation defend the South and take over
territories
The Confederacy's Plan
First major battle, July 21, 1861
Wanted to seize Richmond
General Thomas Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) led the confederates to victory-1st for the South
Casualities-2800 Union & 1900 confederacy
Lincoln called for 50,000 men for 3 years
Bull Run
Which side would you have wanted to be on? North or South?
How was the idea of war seen at the beginning compared to after the battle at Bull Run?
How did the feelings about what type of battle this would be shift?
Essential Questions
in the beginning -"My paramount object in this struggle is to
save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.”
However... Lincoln realized that just as he could order
the Union army to control Confederate supplies (imports/exports) he could use the army to emancipate slaves
Ending slavery was NOT about morality, but a war weapon
Emancipation Proclamation
-January 1st, 1863 (about 2 years into the war) Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation
"All persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free..."
This applied only to slave behind confederate lines, outside Union control.
pros of emancipation proclamation
a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the army.
Union Law - drafted white men, 20-45 years old
for 3 years
Confederate Law - drafted all able-bodied white men,
18-35, and soon later ages 17-50
Conscription
poor, white workers= unfair to fight a war just to free slaves-feared that Southern blacks would come north and compete for jobs-for 4 days mobs rampaged the New York city-wrecked draft offices, Republican newspaper offices, and the homes of antislavery leaders, attacked well-dressed men, African Americans -more than 100 people died
Draft Riots
creation of a single unified country abolition of slavery increased power to fed. gov't – killed the
issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nation a stronger sense of nationalism lands increasingly opened to settlement South was economically and physically
devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained.
EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR