73
u v
// u ×
) u v ( u
u u
v
B4 - uC ) ) u ( ( uCB4 ) u4
u ) v C uB4 u u CB4
v
×u × v ( ., ( u ) -
u - u ( - v / . u
×u
× v
uB4 uC v
× u u × v
u u B4 //)
v u u ” u
× u ×u
v
)
74
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
木造蓄積量(Million ton)
木造蓄積量 九州 四国 中国 近畿 中部 北陸 関東 東北 北海道
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
S造蓄積量(Million ton)
S造蓄積量
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
RC造蓄積量(Million ton)
RC造蓄積量
75
u DYZ NY X 3Y YW Z
vDYZ NY X u v
u u η u
v u u
η v u u
― η v
u // ( v
v u // u
( v , u // -( ( (/- -
× v × α u
v
3Y YW Z u 8:C u
― u
-u . v -
v /, -) ( ( . )
u × v
u . ( / W v
u v u
u u
v
DYZ NY X 3Y YW Z u( (.(
( . uDYZ NY X ) v
76
, DYZ NY X
)) ( - 1
7 1 8
0510152025303540
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
その他
鉄
木材
砂利・砕石
コンクリート
0510152025303540
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
下水道ダム漁港港湾空港鉄道道路建築物
(万トン)
[billion ton]
[billion ton]
77
( (
n
ⅲ u v u
u u uη v × u × v w
u u u v
-19 v
u y y u
y v u y u u y v
u u × u
v × u w
v u u
× v u u 2
× v
-19
MIPS(Material Intensity per Service) u u
ⅲ × v u u ⅲ
u u v u
material intensity MIPS u MIPS v u
× u ⅲ v uresource
decoupling MIPS u u u
v MF uMaterial Intensity
MIuService S uMIPS v
!"# = !"!&×
!&#
1 u u v ×
u v u 2
u u v u
2 u MIPS MIPS mass-wise MIPS: mwMIPS × u MIPS
78
functionality-wise MIPS: fwMIPS × v u u
u v × u
yu × y v
u yu yu yu δy v
u yu (SRC) yu (RC) yu (S) yu
(CB) y 5 v
u u u u u
δ u v v u ×
× × v v u
u u u v
× u × v u u
λ y v × u u y
v u N m
v v u u
-9 v uMIPS v
-9
MI[t] S[m3]
[t/m3]
3.38c106
1.45c108
0.424
2009×
6.47c104 7.86 8.57c106 2.1
1.20c107
SRC
5.23c104
8.26c106
0.424 1.27c105 7.86
3.62c106 2.1 3.80c106
RC
4.35c105
7.28c107
0.424 8.07c105 7.86
3.05c107 2.1 3.18c107
S
4.26c105
1.19c108
0.424 5.30c106 7.86
9.25c106 2.1
1.50c107
CB
2.33c103
2.38c105
0.424 4.25c103 7.86
5.91c104 2.1 6.57c104
1.54c10-5 3.50c10-4 2.67 1 0.952 8.84 7.85 1
δ 4.04c10-2 0.501 7.86 1
79
λ u -20 v
λ u u u δ u
u v u u u δ
v u u490 1470 N/mm2 λ
u u × uλ ×
v u δ u
uλ u × v λ
u -21 v λ u u
u u u δ v
-20 λ
-21 λ
80
uSRCuRCuSuCB 1945 2009
-22(a)u (b) v × u δu u -23 v
-22(a) (b) u fwMIPS mwMIPS v ×
1 v u ×
u × u
v u
× v MIPS u
u × × v -23 u
v u ×
u × v ×
v
(a) (b)
-22 MIPS
-23 MIPS MIPS
81
u 1 u
u × v u
v u u ×
u × v u
GNP 2 × [1]u
” × v u λ ×
u
× v u
v
[1] u × u
v u u v
× u u v
u u u
v
u u 2
” × v u
u u v
u u ×
v
u u
u 3 × v u ×
v u
× [2]v u × ×
u2 v u
× u u y
v
u u v u
u Gibbs |ΔG| v uGibbs
u u v
u × Sene
uGibbs v u
Cene u Gibbs u
A (6) v
A = Sene - Cene ⋯(6)
82
u 3 u Zn uZn-5%Al u
55%Al-Zn uZn-Al-Mg (ZAM)uSUS304u
vSene(J)u Cene (J) × ×u Gibbs
u (7)u (8) (9) u × u
v
Sene = |∆Gb |·vb·1/Mb ·Sb ·t ⋯(7)
Cene = |∆Gp |·vp·1/Mp ·Sp ·t ⋯(8)
Cene = Ee ⋯(9)
uΔG Gibbs (J/mol)uv (g/m2/time)uM
(g/mol)uS (m2) uEe ⅲ ×
(J) v ubup u v (8) u
(9) × v u u u
(9) v
u u
1 m2 -24 v
Zn ZAM Cene u Zn Cene
uCene u × v u
u A u
× v
u u
× v
-24 1 m2
83
u u u
u [3] u
×
-25 v × u
v u
v × u v
u u 50 PJ/year u
ⅲ 5% v u ⅲ
u × v
u u u
× v 90%
u u
u -49 v
u × u
v u
× v
-25
84
u w σ v u
u × × v u ×
u × u × × u
v
u v u
u × v
u u × u
× [3]v u
u u v u
× u
u u
v u u
v u
u v u
u
u v u u
× u
u v
u u
v u u
v u × u
(a/b) × v u
u 4 v
u u u
v u 1 u
(a/c)v
r
u v
u u
v u
u v
s
u 1 × u
v u T uT
1 v
u v