© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
iCem® Service
Achieving wellbore integrity with sound, technical decision making
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Increasing the Probability of Wellbore Integrity
Sound technical decisions rely on:– Field-proven technical solutions– Laboratory-driven empirical data
And now the most robust cementing design tool available in the industry:
Drive better decisions by collaboratively conducting iterative scenarios and evaluating alternatives for
achieving successful cementing operations.
iCem® Service
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
iCem® Service – Wellbore Integrity
Increasing the probability of a successful cementing job
• Restrict fluid movement between formations
• Bond and support the casingHydrocarbon Zone
Water Aquifer
Hydrocarbon Zone
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BENEFITS OF LIFE-OF-THE-WELL CEMENTING
Long-Term Zonal Isolation
Help Increase Production and Minimize the Occurrence of Sustained Casing Pressure
Help Minimize Remedial Costs
Help Minimize Environmental Impact
iCem® Service – Analysis for the Life of the Well
DrillingCompletion
Production
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
General Cementing Job – Process OverviewSolution Development Finite Element
Analysis Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Job Execution Density Control High-Capacity Blender Dropping the Plug Bulk Delivery and Feed
Results Evaluation Bump the Plug Cement Bond Log
Cement Sheath with optimum zonal isolationis the objective for each individual well.
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Solution Development Well Configuration Formation Properties Casing Properties Operational Loads Mud, Spacer, Cement
Fluid Properties
Job Execution Real-Time Data
ECD (calculated) Fluid Volumes &
Densities Pump Rates Planned vs Actual
Job Comparison
Results Evaluation Future Design
Optimization Analysis of ECDs, Fluid
Volumes, Fluid Density, Pump Rates, etc.
Fresh User Interface PROFILE™ Wellbore
Schematic with Directional View
2D Hydraulics Simulator 3D Fluid Displacement
Simulator Stress Analysis Simulator
Dynamic Temperature Modeling with Heat Transfer and Slurry Placement Temperature Graph
Real-time Data Acquisition and Monitoring
High-Level Features
iCem® Service – Process Overview
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Legacy Discrete Software Now Consolidated
OptiCem™ SoftwareCement Job SimulationFinite Element Analysis
Displace 3D® SimulatorDisplacement models in 3DComputational Fluid Dynamics
WellLife® Express ServiceCement Sheath Stress AnalysisFinite Element Analysis
Data AcquisitionField data acquisition and monitoring
iCem® Service
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
iCem® Service
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Simulation
Equivalent circulating density (ECD) management Dynamic temperature affects on fluid properties Pump schedule design
– With and without foam cement – Volume to achieve TOC
Balanced plug Standoff Torque and drag Surge and swab Mud removal and erodibility Advanced rheological modeling Other utilities (i.e. integrated fluid-flow potential) Complex wellbore geometry designs Automatic pump rate adjustment to stay below fracture gradient
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Two-Dimensional Hydraulics Simulation
Interactive temperature profile graph – Casing temperature– Annular temperature
profiles– Bottomhole
circulating temperature
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Two-Dimensional Hydraulics Simulation
Cement stages temperature tracker
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Three-Dimensional Displacement Simulator
Fluid interface Fluid placement over time at all depths
– Drilling fluid – Spacer– Lead cement– Tail cement
Helps determine spacer volume to avoid contamination of cement
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Three-Dimensional Displacement Simulator
Conforms to highly eccentric annuli or localized washout
Predict Material Volumes to – Avoid contamination – Achieve top of cement (TOC)
Achieve optimum casing standoff Determine impact of pump rate Determine impact of pipe rotation
and reciprocation
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Three-Dimensional Displacement Simulator
The same data can be represented both in a graph (above) or a cross section of the well (below)
Helps determine a volume of spacerfor optimized displacement.
Direct correlation of data.
70%
10%
In this example further iterations are required to develop a design that eliminates channeling.
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Cement Sheath Stress Analysis
Cement hydration Shoe pressure testing Fracturing / stimulation Completion fluid change
out Injection and production Evacuation / unloading Well kill
Examines Effects of Planned Well Operations on Specific Cement Designs
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Cement Sheath Stress Analysis
Predicts the competence of a cement sheath Generates mechanical properties for the sheath to
survive downhole stress conditions Simulator elements
– Properties of the formation– Well structure – Long-term critical well conditions
Casing Fluid Pressure Casing Fluid Temperature Pore Pressure
(psi) (°F) (psi)
11409.0 416.0 11076.0
Operation Type MD TVD Pre-Job Temperature
(ft) (ft) (°F)
Product 166880 166880 141.0
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Cement Sheath Stress Analysis – “What If?”
Reports on performance differing cement systems allowing cost analysis
Enables decisions based comparisons of cementing mechanical properties
– Young’s Modulus– Poisson’s Ratio– Shrinkage– Thermal expansion– Compressive strength– Tensile strength– Thermal conductivity– Specific heat
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Real-Time Data Acquisition and Monitoring
Real-time collection and graphing of cementing operations data – Equivalent circulating densities (ECDs)– Pump pressure– Pump rate– Fluid volume– Fluid density– Scores
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Real-Time Data Acquisition and Monitoring
Evaluation of pre-job simulations against recorded job data – During or after the job– Identification of probable causes of irregularities
on the job– Enables optimization of future designs
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Challenge (Libya)– Poor cement bond log (CBL) results
from first two production wells in a new field
Solution– Three-dimensional displacement
Simulation and cement sheath stress analysis
• Modified mud rheology• Increased use of centralizers to
achieve 70% standoff• Increased spacer volume to 60
bbl
Result– Significantly improved CBLs in wells
after optimized plan via iCem® service
Case History – Field ApplicationPoor CBL fromprevious wells
Excellent CBL after simulationsdesigned solution modifications
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Challenge (Shale North America)– Highly stressed formation subjecting
wells to excessive washout, sloughing shales, stuck pipe, and poor cement jobs
Solution – iCem® service simulation revealed risks of debonding and causes of sheath failure over time due to wellbore stresses and led to changes as follows:
– Wellbore fluid conditioning– Optimized centralizer placement for
proper standoff– Cement spacer properties– Resilient mechanical properties
designed into the slurry to address completion and production wellbore stresses to the cement sheath
Result– CBL indicated dramatic improvements
in placement coverage over conventional cements used previously
– Previously required remediation was avoided
Case History – Field Application
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Challenge (HPHT)– High profile eastern-hemisphere wells for a
major operator in a field where previous wells experienced
• Gas migration and channeling issues• Expense and delay of remedial
cementing operations
Solution – Eight (8) iCem® service simulations run during a 2-hour meeting evaluating the following parameters
– Spacer volume – Wiper plugs– Rotation and reciprocation during pumping
operations– Pump rates– Centralization
Result– Spacer volume doubled over previous well
plans– Pump rates increased though still within
fracture gradient limits– Centralizers changed to ones that allow pipe
rotation– Cement bond logs were excellent / no
remediation required
Case History – Field Application
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mud Conditioning
ECD Management
Displacement Efficiency
Surge & Swab
Avoidance
Centralizer Selection
Casing Placement
Torque & Drag
Minimization
Achieve Top-of-Cement
Avoid Cement Contamination
Cement Sheath
Analysis
Cement Mechanical Properties
Slurry Design
Job PlanSummary
iCem® Service
© 2011 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Questions?
iCem® Service