Zoonoses

Hannah Corbett

Jenna Deal

Essential Question

• How can you prevent zoonotic diseases?

Should be able to know

• Describe how to prevent any type of zoonotic disease

• Understand and define a zoonotic disease

• List and describe several zoonotic diseases

• How does knowing about zoonotic diseases help in vet tech?

• How can these diseases affect humans?

Warm-up

• Pair Share– What do you already know about zoonotic

diseases?

Vocab

• Zoonotic Disease: bacteria that can be passed from animals to humans

Vocab

• Rabies: viral disease that infects the central nervous system

• Visceral larva migrans: condition in humans in which roundworm larvae migrate through the body, causing damage to internal organs

• Cutaneous larva migrans: disease condition resulting from the infestation of hookworm larvae into the body

• Taxoplasmosis: protozoal parasitic disease in which cats serve as the primary host; of concern to humans, especially pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems

• Cat scratch fever: bacterial disease resulting from a cat scratch, which causes a soreness at the inflicted site, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Vocab

• Ringworm: fungal infection of the skin• RNA viruses: group of viruses that cause

inflammation in the brain• Q fever: disease condition caused by Coxiella

burnetii which causes abortions in sheep and goats and a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms in humans

• Pasteurization: process used to sterilize milk by heating it to a high temperature for a short time

• Anthrax: bacterial infection with skin, intestinal, and respiratory forms

Vocab

• Mad Cow Disease: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in cattle that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance

• Scrapie: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in sheep and goats that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance

• West Nile Virus: viral disease causing flu-like symptoms in humans (mosquitoes often act as a vector)

• Brucellosis: a bacterial disease that causes abortions in cattle and flu-like symptoms in humans (human presentation is called undulant fever)

• Tuberculosis: bacterial disease that affects the lungs and respiratory system

Viral diseases

• Rabies– Also referred to as hydrophobia– Infects CNS– Signs: restlessness, change in behavior, easily

agitated, aggressive, snapping/biting at inanimate objects, frothing at the mouth

• West Nile Fever– Spread through mosquitoes– Signs: flu-like symptoms in humans, inflammation in

CNS, paralysis, weakness– May be fatal

Prevention

• Vaccines

Larva Migrans

• Visceral– Children are at higher risk when they place things in

their mouth– Toxocara canis is the common cause– Signs: Fever, coughing, wheezing, abdominal pain– Damage to internal organs

• Cutaneous– Similar to roundworms– Develop in intestinal tract– Signs: in humans, raised, red, itchy bumps

Prevention

• Visceral & Cutaneous– Vaccines– Cleanliness– Routinely pick up feces & examine dogs

Bacterial Diseases

• Anthrax– Caused by spore forming bacteria called Bacillus anthracis– Signs: sudden death, fever, anorexia, bloody urine, diarrhea– Most common form in animals=intestinal form

• Brucellosis– Causes abortion in cattle– Humans infected through contact w/ infected fetus– Signs: severe flu, irregular fevers

• Tuberculosis– Causes a debilitating respiratory infection in humans– Signs: fever, weight loss, coughing, chest pain– Difficult to treat

Prevention

• Pasteurization

• Cleanliness

• Immunizations

• Vaccines

Diseases that start with a cat

• Toxoplasmosis:– Parasite in animals that is a concern to humans– Cats= definitive host– Infected cats pass oocysts (eggs) through their feces

• Cat Scratch fever:– Caused by Bartonella henselae– Signs in humans: lack of appetite, muscle pain, nausea, swelling

of lymph nodes, swelling of infection site, red small round bump at the site of the scratch/bite

– Signs in cats: history of flea/ticks, no clinical symptoms can be seen, fever/swollen glands, lethargy, lack of appetite

Prevention

• Keep home clean– Prevents fleas and ticks

• Keep cat’s nails trimmed

• Avoid playing roughly with cats

• Keep tests (immune) up to date

Occurs in Cattle, Sheep, and/or Goats

• Q Fever– Caused by Coxiella burnetii

– Transmission happens when humans inhale aerosols from contaminated soil/waste

– Signs: fatigue, chills, arthralgia, night sweats, heart failure

• Mad Cow Disease– Affects central nervous system in cattle

– Caused by the formation of prions, abnormally shaped proteins

– Humans can catch the disease from eating tissues from the cattle with the disease

• Scrapie– Caused by the formation of prions

– Affects the central nervous system

Prevention

• Practice cleanliness• Wash hands after handling animals and animal

waste• Cook meat thoroughly• Keep records• Isolate goats/sheep from those who are infected