Building Energy Efficiency Standards

CBIA – CECBuilding StandardsForum

Vision for the 2019 Standards

Mazi Shirakh, PEZNE Technical Lead

April 28, 2016

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2019 Standards: the 2015 IPER Vision1. Brief review of the 2016 Standards measures

2. Treatment of PV credit post 2016 Standards

3. 30,000 ft (9,144.23 m) overview of the 2019 Standards

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2019 Standards: the 2015 IPER VisionA ZNE Code Building is one where the value of the energy produced by on-site renewable energy resources is equal to the value of the energy consumed annually by the building, at the level of a single “project” seeking development entitlements and building code permits, measured using the California Energy Commission’s Time Dependent Valuation metric.

A ZNE Code Building meets an Energy Use Intensity value designated in the Building Energy Efficiency Standards by building type and climate zone that reflect best practices for highly efficient buildings.

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Zero Net Energy Standards

Achieve additional energy savings from building components regulated under Title-24 to reach ZNE goals

Integrate onsite generation into building Standards to accomplish ZNE

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Impacts of Building Standards on Home Energy Use

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2019 Standards – PV Tradeoff1. The 2016 Standards provided a flexible PV tradeoff credit with the same

magnitude as expected energy savings from HPA and HPW

2. Some builders needed additional time to adjust their building practice

3. The 2013 Standards envelope features became the “baseline” for using the PV credit

4. The 2019 Standards will set a higher “baseline” expectation for envelope features such that significantly improved envelopes (compared to 2013) are required.

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Life Cycle Costing

Standards measures must be cost effective1. Using Life Cycle Costing Methodology (LCC)

i. Discounted cash flows for costs and benefits

ii. Accounts for maintenance costs/benefits

iii. Appropriate discount rates and life of measures -

30 years for residential measures, and 15 years for nonresidential measures

2. Time Dependent Valuation (TDV)

i. Value of gas and electricity changes depending on the season and the time of day

ii. 8,760 TDV multipliers for each hour of the year

iii. Favors measures that save energy during high demand periods

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2016 Residential Standards ApproachA whole new approach for Standards development:1. Not focused on specific measures: instead, staff defined performance targets,

such as U-factors, needed to meet the ZNE goals

2. Invited builders, manufacturers, and suppliers to partner with staff to come up with solutions that meet equivalent performance

3. CBIA hosted forums in April and November of 2014 to communicate the ZNE vision and engage industry in creating new solutions – allowing the free market to settle on the most promising solutions

4. Worked with the CPUC and IOUs to provide incentives, education, and outreach supporting the transition of the building industry to the new practices needed for these solutions in advance of the effective date

The result was a cooperative and innovative collaboration between staff, builders, manufacturers, and utilities. The industry as a whole rose to the challenge with multiple solutions for both HPAs and HPWs.

The 2019 Standards are expected to follow the same cooperative approach

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2016 Standards Range of Options

High Performance Attics (HPA) performance defined by:Roof deck insulation equivalent to R-13 insulation below deck and R-38 ceiling insulation. Insulation choices may include spray foam, batt, or blown-in, and SIP panels.

However, the builder has many other options, all meeting the HPA performance:

1. R-6 continuous insulation with radiant barrier2. Hybrid roofing systems combining insulation and higher roof

reflectance3. Ducts in conditioned space (DCS)4. Ducts in sealed or unvented attics5. Or other solutions suggested by the industry

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2016 Standards Range of Options

Above Deck Insulation

Hybrid Roofing

Sealed Attic with Blown-in Insulation

Ducts in Conditioned Space

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2016 Standards Range of Options

High Performance Walls (HPW) – Performance Defined By:

R19 cavity + R5 Continuous Insulation – U-Factor (Approx 0.051)

However, the builder has many other options, all meeting the HPA performance:

1. 2x4 @ 16” OC, R15 + R-8 CI (0.051)

2. 2x6 @ 24” OC, R19 + R-5 CI (0.049)

3. 2x6 @ 24” OC R21 + R-4 CI (0.048)

4. Staggered studs with batt insulation or spray foam

5. Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs)

6. Or other solutions suggested by the industry

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2016 Standards Other Measures

Instantaneous (Tankless)Water Heaters• Basis of prescriptive and performance approach – set

on federal IWH performance, currently at Energy Factor of 0.82

• For tanks less than 55 gallons, allow prescriptive alternative for standard storage water heaters in combination with: Quality Insulation Installation (QII), with either

Compact pipe distribution design, or

Insulating all half inch and larger hot water pipes

For tanks above 55 gallons, no QII is required, only combine with compact distribution or pipe insulation

• Use the performance path for additional options, such as electric heat pump water heaters

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2016 Standards Other MeasuresHigh Efficacy Lighting

1. All high efficacy high CRI lighting in kitchens & throughout the house, paired with JA8 compatible controls

2. All recessed downlights in ceilings must be high efficacy

3. Allow luminaires with screw base sockets as high efficacy if the socket is populated with a high quality, JA8 compliant lamp at the time of inspection; exception for downlights

2016 lighting improvements resulted in large energy savings, reduction in plug loads and PV size needed to get to ZNE.

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Impact of 2016 Standards on the PV Size

1. To get to ZNE, the 2016 improvements results in a PV system that is 13% smaller in cooling CZs

2. Or about 900 watts smaller

3. Or about 70 square feet smaller foot print for the PV system

PV footprint on the roof in extreme CZs will be an issue for the ZNE goal; more efficiency helps to reduce the PV footprint area.

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2019 Standards ProcessWe are very early in the process, the pre-rulemaking is et to begin soon

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2016 STANDARDS UPDATE SCHEDULEDATE MILESTONES

February 2016-July 2016 Measures Identified and approvalAugust 2016 to June 2017 Stakeholder meeting/workshop & final staff workshop June 1, 2017 CASE Reports submitted to the CECDecember 1, 2017 45-day Language HearingsMarch 1, 2018 Adoption of 2016 Standards at Business MeetingJune1, 2018 to November2018

Staff work on Software, Compliance Manuals, Electronic Documents Available to Industry

November 1, 2018 Approval of the ManualsJanuary 1, 2019 Software, Compliance Manuals, Electronic Documents Available

to IndustryJanuary 1, 2020 Effective Date

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2019 Standards Process1. Update the TDV values to reflect the current NG and Electricity costs

2. Update the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) assumption based on TDV and other parameters

3. Using the updated TDVs, evaluate cost effectiveness of additional envelope measures for the extreme cooling climate zones; possible measures include additional roof deck insulation for high performance attics and improving the wall U-factors

4. Using the updated TDVs, determine the cost effectiveness and size of PV systems for each climate zone.

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Questions?