ZhejiangTechonology Institute of Economy

Steering System

Unit 4

2

Steering System

Vocabulary

Section IV Comprehensive practice

Section III Grammar

Section II Reading

Section I Listening and speaking

3

Section I Listen and Speaking

Task 1: Picture recognition

Task 2: Read and Match

Task 3: Speak Out

Task 4: Listen and practice

Task 5: Act out

4

Picture recognition. In this part, you will hear 5 statements, please judge which part is mentioned in each statement.

A B

D

EF

B C A E D

Picture 2

A

B

C

D

E

5

Read and match. Read the structure and make a match.

A-Fluid Lines

B-Rack

C-Piston

D-Rotary Valve

E-Steering Column

F-Pinion

A

B C

D

E

F

6

Speak out. Look at the structure in Task1 and Task2, ask your partner

the following questions, and organize the sentences.

Are you familiar with the structure listed in task 1 and task 2?

What’s the function of steering system?

How many kinds of steering systems do you know?

7

Listen and practice. Listen to the dialogues, fill in the missing information, and practice them with your partner.

Dialogue 1

Mary: What does steering system mean?David: It __________of steering wheel, gears, linkages and other __________.Mary: Oh, I see. They are used to control the direction of a vehicle’s_________, aren’t they?David: Yes. Nowadays, many cars use a power-steering system.Mary: I have __________there are two types of power steering systems.David: Yeah. They are hydraulic and _________ power steering systems. Mary: It’s really_________. I’m almost confused with it.

consists components

motion

heardelectric

complex

8

Listen and practice. Listen to the dialogues, fill in the missing information, and practice them with your partner.

Dialogue 2

Mary: This car is very expensive.David: Of course. It is a car with ____________steering.Mary: Is it better than ____________steering?David: Yeah. it improves steering __________and increases _________stability while maneuvering at high__________.Mary: Can it improve the stability of the car even through the turn?David: Yes. I’m looking forward to ___________a car of this kind.Mary: So am I.

four-wheelfront-wheel

responsevehicle speed

owning

9

Take Task 4 as example, practice dialogues according to the situations provided

with your partner.

1Joe and Jack are talking about the development of steering systems, even they are discussing about the future of power steering.

2

David and Jack are watching the components of a hydraulic power steering system, and discussing about how they work.

10

Section II Reading

Reading A Reading B

11

Reading A

Task 1

Task 2

1212

Reading A

Task 1 Listen to the passage and fill in the missing information.

Power steeringAs vehicles have become heavier and __________to front wheel drive, the effort to turn the steering wheel ____________has increased - often to the point where major physical exertion is required. To alleviate this, auto makers have developed power steering systems. There are two types of power steering systems—hydraulic and electric/electronic. A hydraulic-electric hybrid system is also possible.A hydraulic power steering (HPS) uses hydraulic ___________supplied by an engine-driven pump to assist the motion of turning the steering wheel. Electric power steering (EPS) is more ____________than the hydraulic power steering, since the electric power steering motor only needs to provide ______________when the steering wheel is turned, whereas the hydraulic pump must run constantly. In EPS the assist level is easily tunable to the vehicle type, road speed, and even driver_____________. An added benefit is the elimination of environmental hazard posed by leakage and disposal of hydraulic power steering fluid.

switched

manually

pressure

efficient

assistance

preference

13

Reading A

1. According to the passage, which item can explain the word “alleviate” in the first paragraph?A. to make more bearableB. get rid ofC. increaseD. improve

2. Why do auto makers take efforts to develop power steering system?A. Vehicles have become heavier.B. Vehicles have switched to front wheel drive.C. Turning the steering wheel requires major physical exertion.D. All the above.

A

D

14

Reading A

3. Which of the following does not belong to the advantages of EPS?A. It is more efficient than the hydraulic power steering.B. It only needs to provide assistance when the steering wheel is

turned.C. An engine-driven pump supplies pressure to assist the

motion.D. In EPS the assist level is easily tunable.

4. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Power steering system helps to alleviate the effort to turn the

steering wheel.B. Hydraulic-electric hybrid system is one of the existing steering

system nowadays.C. Electric power steering is more efficient than the hydraulic

power steering.D. In EPS the assist level is easily tunable to the vehicle type,

road speed, and even driver preference.

C

B

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Reading BReading B

Task 3

Task 2

Task 1

Text

16

Reading B Steering System

The purpose of the steering system is guiding the car where the driver wants it to go. It must deliver precise directional control, and it must do so requiring little driver effort at the steering wheel. It consists of steering wheel, steering shaft, worm, gear sector, pitman arm, drag link, steering knuckle arm, king pin, steering arms, tie rod, front axle and steering knuckle. They enable the car to change the direction by means of turning and moving forth and back.For a car to turn smoothly, each wheel must follow a different circle. Since the inside wheel is following a circle with a smaller radius, it is actually making a tighter turn than the outside wheel. If you draw a line perpendicular to each wheel, the lines will intersect at the center point of the turn. The geometry of the steering linkage makes the inside wheel turn more than the outside wheel.

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The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary

motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion. Essentially, the steering gear consists of two parts: a worm on the end of the steering shaft and a pitman-arm shaft on which there is a gear sector, toothed roller, or stud. There are also a couple different types of steering gears. The most common are rack-and-pinion and recirculating ball.

Rack-and Pinion steering is quickly becoming the most common type of steering on cars, small trucks and SUVs. It is actually a pretty simple mechanism. A rack-and-pinion gear set is enclosed in a metal tube, with each end of the rack protruding from the tube. A rod, called tie rod, connects to each end of the rack..

The rack-and-pinion gear set does two things:

Reading B Steering System

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1. It converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels.

2. It provides a gear reduction, making it easier to turn the wheels.

Recirculating-Ball steering is used on many trucks and SUVs today. The linkage that turns the wheels is slightly different than on a rack-and-pinion system.

The recirculating-ball steering gear contains a worm gear. You can image the gear in two parts. The first part is a block of metal with a threaded hole in it. This block has gear teeth cut into the outside of it, which engage a gear that moves the pitman arm. The steering wheel connects to a threaded rod, similar to a bolt, which sticks into the hole in the block. When the steering wheel turns, it turns the bolt. Instead of twisting further into the block the way a regular bolt would, this bolt is held fixed so that when it spins, it moves the block, which moves the gear that turns the wheels.

Reading B Steering System

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perpendicular adj.

.( 与另一线或面 ) 成直角的 , 垂直的 , 正交的 (to)

. 直立的 , 与水平线成直角的 , 陡峭的

draw a line perpendicular to a given line

作一直线与已知直线垂直

The tower is out of the perpendicular 这座塔已倾斜了。

Reading B Steering System

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Important Words & Phrases

protrude vt., vi. 伸出 ; 吐出 ; 凸出 ; 突出

Helen's teeth protrude too far. 海伦的牙齿太突出了。

The policeman saw a gun protruding from the man's pocket. 警察看到一支枪从那男人的口袋里凸出来。

21

Important Words & Phrases

Rotational adj.

旋转的 ; 轮流的 , 循环的 ; 交替的

Players have to be in their correct rotational positions until the serve is executed.  在发球完成之前，运动员必须各就各位。

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Important Words & Phrases

commission n. . 委任， 委托， 代理（权）； 代理事项 . 委任状；【军】授衔令， 委任职权； 所受军衔 . 委员会， 考察团； 调查团 . 佣金， 代办费， 手续费 If you are going to Hong Kong, I have two or three small commissions for you. 你如去香港， 我有两三件小事托你办。Some salesmen in big shops receive a commission of 10% on everything they sell, as well as a salary. 大商店有些店员不仅有薪金， 而且还可抽取所售货物百分之十的佣金。

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Important Words & Phrases

Cooperate vi.

. 合作； 协作； 互助 . （事物）配合

If we all cooperate, we'll soon finish.

如果我们大家合作，很快就能完成。

The British cooperated with the French in building the new craft.

英、法两国合作制造这种新式飞船。

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Important Words & Phrases

crucial adj.

. 严酷的 , 极为困难的 . 紧要关头的 , 关系重大的 ; 决定性的

Parking is a crucial consideration.  停车是设计者考虑的关键问题。

There are several crucial factors.  有若干至关重要的因素。

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Important Words & Phrases

compel vt.

. 强［胁］迫； 使不得不； 迫使（屈服）， 强制顺从［同意］

. 获得； 强取

He was compelled by illness to suspend his experiment.

他因病不得不暂时中断实验。

His cleverness and skill compel our admiration.

他的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞赏。

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Task 1: Read and judge. Read the passage and judge whether the statement is true or false.

1. The direction of the car is changed only through the steering wheel.

2. The inside wheel is making a tighter turn than the outside wheel.

3. Rack-and-pinion and recirculating ball are the only two types of steering gears.

4. Recirculating-ball steering is the most common type of steering on cars.

5. The rack-and-pinion gear set uses a gear reduction to make it easier to turn the wheel.

F

T

F

F

T

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Task 2: Read, complete and retell. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the information in the passage, and then try to retell the passage.

Steering system _________ the car to change the direction by means of turns and moving forth and back.. The steering gear can ____________ the rotary motion of the steering wheel into _____________ motion. It consists of two parts: a _________ on the end of the steering shaft and a _____________ shaft. ______________ and ________________ are two most common types of steering gears. The former is a pretty simple ____________. As for the latter, the __________ that turns the wheels is slightly different than on a rack-and-pinion system.

enablesconvert

straight-lineworm pitman-arm

Rack and pinion recirculating banmechanism

linkage

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Task 3: Revise and Translate. Translate the following sentences into

Chinese.

1. It must deliver precise directional control, and it must do so requiring little driver effort at the steering wheel.

2. If you draw a line perpendicular to each wheel, the lines will intersect at the center point of the turn.

3. The steering gear is a device for converting the rotary motion of the steering wheel into straight-line motion.

它必须具有精确的方向导出系统，这样才不需要驾驶者在方向盘上费力。

如果你在每个轮子上画一条线，你会发现这些线会在旋转轴的中心相交叉。

这些操纵排挡是为了使汽车从曲线运动变为直线运动。

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Task 3: Revise and Translate. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

4. A rack-and-pinion gear set is enclosed in a metal tube, with each end of the rack protruding from the tube.

5. Instead of twisting further into the block the way a regular bolt would, this bolt is held fixed so that when it spins, it moves the block, which moves the gear that turns the wheels.

齿棒（条）小齿轮式被封在一个圆铁管中，而且每个搁架的末端都从铁管中伸出一个金属杆 .

不像一个普通的螺栓，需进一步的扭转才能插进一块板中。这种螺栓是固定的，所以，当它快速转动时，它就带动了金属板，从而使齿轮带动方向盘转动。

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Grammar

Grammar

Task 1

Task 2

31

Inverted Sentence

用法 例句1. here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首 , 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run, 要全部倒装。

There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.

2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词 , 要全部倒装。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.

3. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

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Inverted Sentence

4. 以否定词开头作部分倒装 , 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

5. so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 , 表示 " 也 " 、 " 也不 " 的句子要部分倒装。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you won't go, neither will I.

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Task 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. Why can't I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know

C. didn't man know D. did man know

3. No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

A

D

D

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Task 1: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

4. Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

5. Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize D. I realize

B

B

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Task 2: Translate the following into English.

1. 汽车动力转向系统使驾驶员在方向盘上费力不需太多。

2. 在未来，你也有可能仅通过按一下按钮就可以按自己的意愿来控制车子。

3. 不管怎样，汽车转向系统都不能失去对车子的控制。

4. 他刚打算去买这个品牌的车的时候，车子没货了。

5. 如果它更努力学的话，他本来能通过驾照考试的。

Little efforts will drivers take at the steering wheel because of power steering.

So can you configure the controls exactly to your liking by pressing a few buttons in future.

In no way could the steering system lose the function of guilding the car.

No sooner did he plan to buy this brand car than the car is out of stock.

Had he studied harder, he should have passed the test of driving license

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Section IV Comprehensive Practice

(II) Presentation(I) Applied Writing

37

(I) Applied Writing

Counter-offerCounter-offer

还盘是受盘人对发盘提出的条件不完全同意而提出添加、限制或其它更改的表还盘是受盘人对发盘提出的条件不完全同意而提出添加、限制或其它更改的表示。还盘实质上是受盘人对发盘拒绝后，以发盘人的身份作出的一项新发盘。示。还盘实质上是受盘人对发盘拒绝后，以发盘人的身份作出的一项新发盘。一项发盘经还盘后，还盘人（原受盘人）就成为这项新发盘的受盘人。原发盘一项发盘经还盘后，还盘人（原受盘人）就成为这项新发盘的受盘人。原发盘的效力经还盘后终止。还盘函电的拟制，必须按照有关规则进行，否则，就构的效力经还盘后终止。还盘函电的拟制，必须按照有关规则进行，否则，就构不成一项新的有效发盘。不成一项新的有效发盘。

Sample 1 Sample 2

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Sample 1

Shanghai Jinhai Trad Co., 22 Mar,2008

Dear Sirs, Thank you for your last letter. We are very sorry to say that we can't accept your price. We still insist the price at 6% commission CIF Copenhagen. And we also accept the payment of date L/C for thirty days. Please reply us in three days. We are very glad to cooperate with you in long-term, and we are waiting for hearing your reply!

Yours Faithfully Robert Michael

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Sample 2

Dear Mr. Smith,

As we mentioned in our previous quotation, the price is likely to rise. Since material price is a very crucial element for our cost accounting, we are compelled to shift this rise to our customers. The price for 33 Euro has increased to 33.5 Euro, packing charge and freight remaining unchanged. We thank you for your understanding and look forward to having a good cooperation with you.

Yours Sincerely,

Zhang Liang

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Task:

汽车还盘 :

谢谢你们对沃尔沃汽车报价的来信。　我们虽然赞赏你们汽车的质量，但价格太高不能接受请参阅 89SP-754号销售确认书，按此销售书我方订购了此品牌的汽车 5辆， 但价格比你方现报价格低 10% ，自从上次订购以来，原材料价格跌落很多，这里你们的零售价也下跌了 5% 。接受你方现时的报价意味着我们将有巨大亏损，更不用谈利润了。 　　然而如果你们至少降价 1.5% ，我们非常愿意向你方续订。否则，我们只能转向其他供应者提出类似需求。 　　我们希望你们认真考虑我方建议，并及早答复我方。

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Task

Thank you for your offer letter from Volvo. We appreciate the quality of your car, but we can not accept the high price. Please see No. 89SP-754 sales confirmation. Based on it, we ordered five cars of this brand which price is 10% lower than your side of prices. Since the last ordering, the raw material prices fall a lot, which resulted in your current retail price having fallen by 5%. Accepting your current offer means that we will have a huge loss, let alone profits. However, if you cut prices of at least 1.5%, we are willing to renew your side. Otherwise, we can only turn to other suppliers of similar demands. We hope that you will seriously consider our proposals and our response as soon as possible.

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(II) Presentation

1.Search the library or the internet for more detailed information about steering systems and give a presentation in class.

2.Imagine the future steering systems.

Students can choose one of the two tasks, work in groups, and prepare for an in-class presentation.

43

Vocabulary

rack n. 架 , 行李架 , 拷问台piston n. 活塞 pinion n. 鸟翼 ,小齿轮 gear n. 齿轮 , 传动装置 ,工具 ,用具 linkage n. 连合 , 连锁 , 结合 hydraulic adj. 水力的 ,水压的 stability n. 稳定性 maneuver v. 调遣 , 演习 ,用计策 switch v. 转变 , 切换 , 摆动 exertion n. 努力 ,发挥 ,运用 alleviate v. 减轻 ,使 ...缓和

hybrid adj. 混合的 , 杂种的 ,混合语的 tunable adj. 可合调的 ,能调出和声的 , 音调美的 elimination n. 除去 , 消除 hazard n. 冒险 ,危险 , 危害 leakage n. 泄漏 pitman n. 矿工 , 煤矿工 , 连接棒 knuckle n. 指节 , 蹄爪 , 膝关节 radius n. 半径 perpendicular adj. 垂直的 ,直立的

44

Vocabulary

cooperate v. 合作 ,协力 quotation n. 报价单 crucial adj. 关键的 ,决定性的 compel v. 强迫 ,迫使

geometry n. 几何 ( 学 ) stud n. 图钉 , 装饰钮扣 , 立柱 , 板墙筋 , 壁骨 protrude v. 伸出 ,突出 spin v. 纺织 ,旋转 , 拉长 rotational adj. 回转的 ,轮流的 linear adj. 线的 ,直线的 ,线状的 bolt n. 门闩 ,突发 , 螺钉 commission n. 委任状 ,任官令 ,佣金

45

Vocabulary

fluid lines n. 流体线 rotary valve n. 回转阀 steering column n. 驾驶杆 steering wheel n. 转向盘 steering shaft n. 转向轴 pitman arm n. 转向摇臂 drag link n. 拉杆 steering knuckle arm n. 转向节臂 king pin n. 中心销

46

Vocabulary

defogger除雾器

fog lamp雾灯

fuel injector燃料喷射器

gauge 计量器

cigar lighter火星塞

power window电动车窗

power seat 自动调节座位