Yury CHESNOKOV Crystal Collimation workshop, March 7, 2005 CALIBRATION of CMS CALORIMETERS with LHC PROTON BEAM DEFLECTED BY CRYSTAL CALIBRATION of CMS

Yury CHESNOKOVCrystal Collimation workshop, March 7, 2005

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CALIBRATION of CMS CALORIMETERS with LHC PROTON BEAM DEFLECTED BY CRYSTAL

CALIBRATION of CMS CALORIMETERS with LHC PROTON BEAM DEFLECTED BY CRYSTAL

Calibration of CMS calorimeters, Yu. Chesnokov Crystal Collimation workshop, March 7, 20052

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Calibration of collider calorimeters with fixed target beam is practically impossible:

• As a rule the extracted beam has much lower energy than the secondary particles in proton-proton collider interaction (the dynamical range is limited).

•In case the calorimeters are placed in a magnetic field any calibration outside of magnetic field is a rough approximation because a sandwich calorimeter response depends on magnetic field value and its orientation.

•Transportation of calibration coefficients obtained with external beams is not an easy task (requires some corrections connected, for example, with influence of magnetic field on the scintillator and calorimeter response, exact knowledge of isotope composition to correct for life time).


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

•Often (CMS case) at fixed target beam test the final apparatus is not ready (no EE & SE).

•Interfering material (support structure, electronics, cabling etc) is not easy to imitate to take into account during calibration.

•Some part of the apparatus can not be tested (HE-HF transition, for example).

•If longitudinal uniformity has changed (cable connectors, radiation damage etc) no way to correct it .

Calibration in situ, utilizing some physical processes, is time consuming procedure providing only limited precision.

Proposal – to steer the LHC protons (halo) into HF/HE by crystal.


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REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS

Goals:• Desirable to have two bending angles in θ (30 and 80) for HF and HE.

• Proton energy – ejection energy (400 GeV).

• The beam intensity in the range of <103 p/sec.

Construction limitations:• Strong magnetic field – 4 T.

• High vacuum.

• Minimal cross section of the device to minimize the shadow for upstream apparatus.

• Limited space defined by the vacuum pipe.


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LAYOUT OF CALIBRATION SCHEMELAYOUT OF CALIBRATION SCHEME

Maximum bending angle for available crystal position corresponding to the bellows position.


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ДС CRYSTAL BENDING SYSTEMCRYSTAL BENDING SYSTEM

The tower which corresponds to maximum bending angle.


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BEAM PIPE & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSBEAM PIPE & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSBEAM PIPE & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSBEAM PIPE & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Design considerations:•available space;•acceptable materials;•cabling;•servicing;•possible movers;•cross-section structureof the beams.


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CHANNELING APPLIED for BEAM EXTRACTIONCHANNELING APPLIED for BEAM EXTRACTION


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In 1994-2004 IHEP operated a channeling crystal 100 mm long to bend 70 GeV beam a huge angle of 150 mrad (9 degrees) !!! [1] V.M. Biryukov et al. IHEP Preprint 95-14 (1995).[2] V.M. Biryukov et al. PAC Proceedings (Dallas, 1995).

PREVIOUS EXPERIENCEPREVIOUS EXPERIENCE


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SCHEME of 150-MRAD CRYSTAL BEAM LINE OPERATED at IHEP at 106 PROTONS in 1994-2004

SCHEME of 150-MRAD CRYSTAL BEAM LINE OPERATED at IHEP at 106 PROTONS in 1994-2004


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Our preliminary calculations assumed 50 cm crystal size – a reasonable figure. IHEP used up to 15 cm long Si crystals.Details of calculations in: V.M. Biryukov et al. “Crystal Channeling and Its Application at High Energy Accelerators” (Springer, 1997).

EXAMPLE with SILICON CRYSTAL and LOW-END ENERGYEXAMPLE with SILICON CRYSTAL and LOW-END ENERGY


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Installation of moving parts into vacuum pipe.

MAIN PROBLEM of REALIZATION MAIN PROBLEM of REALIZATION


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UNIVERSAL IHEP DEVICE for LONG CRYSTAL BENDINGUNIVERSAL IHEP DEVICE for LONG CRYSTAL BENDING


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Crystal with distributed acceptance due to triangular shape of end face allows exclude any mechanical devices for rotation and movement. This crystal can simply placed in fixed position inside vacuum pipe!!! Channeling can achieved by changing incident beam position in y-plane.

POSSIBLE VARIANT - SPECIAL CRYSTAL without GONIOMETERPOSSIBLE VARIANT - SPECIAL CRYSTAL without GONIOMETER


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PROTOTYPE CRYSTAL DEVICE for LHCPROTOTYPE CRYSTAL DEVICE for LHC


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PROTOTYPE PARAMETERS: 150 MRAD BEND, 100 MM LENGTH and 12 MM WIDTH

PROTOTYPE PARAMETERS: 150 MRAD BEND, 100 MM LENGTH and 12 MM WIDTH

Next steps before installation in CMS:• design and production of full scale prototype;• test with SPS extracted beam and HF and HE prototypes (H2 beam line).


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Simultaneous calibration of many calorimeter cells

Positive feature of large crystal bending for calibration is wide angular region of the deflected particles: there are present not only fully deflectedparticles, but also some particles dechanneled in a crystal bulk and thusdeflected at smaller angle.


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SUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARY

• In situ calibration can provide unprecedented precision of energy scale determination for real environment .

• Allows to measure characteristics which are inaccessible for other methods.

• Can be used for regular control of the apparatus.

• The method is widely used and is a mature one therefore the efforts and cost are not looked prohibitive.

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Yury CHESNOKOV Crystal Collimation workshop, March 7, 2005 CALIBRATION of CMS CALORIMETERS with LHC PROTON BEAM DEFLECTED BY CRYSTAL CALIBRATION of CMS