Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Youth, Democracy,
and Politics: PolandSurvey results
NDI Youth Research Project
March 2018
In cooperation with the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
December 7-20, 2017
2
SAMPLE DESIGN
500 respondents Age: 16-29 Margin of error: ±4.5%
The sample is statistically representative of the Polish population aged 16-29 in terms of gender, age, and region.
SAMPLE SIZE
FIELDWORK PERIOD
CATI (interviews carried out by telephone)Pollster: 4P-Mix
TYPE OF SURVEY
ATTITUDES TOWARDS POLITICS
AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
6-in-10 are dissatisfied with the political situation. 16-19 year olds are most dissatisfied.
20%
6% 4%
36%
35%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Dissatisfied Satisfied Don't know
Full Sample
Totally Rather
56%
41%
19%
2%5%
16%
8%3%
24%
7%3%
42%
32%
38%
35%
30%
36%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Dis
sati
sfie
d
Sati
sfie
d
Do
n't
kn
ow
Dis
sati
sfie
d
Sati
sfie
d
Do
n't
kn
ow
Dis
sati
sfie
d
Sati
sfie
d
Do
n't
kn
ow
Aged 16-19 Aged 20-24 Aged 25-29
Opinions within age groups
Are you satisfied with the current political situation in Poland?
Dissatisfied SatisfiedSomewhat dissatisfied Somewhat satisfied
Three quarters vote in elections. 8-in-10 are not and do not plan to seek membership in a
political party.
Have you been involved in the following ways in which citizens can engage in public life? If not, are you willing to get involved?
4%
7%
15%
17%
20%
44%
47%
64%
73%
76%
13%
26%
27%
26%
31%
18%
15%
20%
25%
21%
82%
65%
53%
57%
47%
37%
37%
15%
2%
2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Membership in a political party
Striking
Supporting an online crowd-fundingcampaign
Taking part in a demonstration
Contacting your local politicalrepresentative about a particular issue
Participating in online petition or protest
Sharing or expressing your ideas onpolitics or important public issues publicly
Signing a petition offline
Voting in local elections
Voting in national elections
Yes, I have been involved
No, I haven’t been involved but I plan to get involved
No, I haven’t been involved and I do not plan to get involved
Don't know
16-19 year olds are more interested in demonstrating and striking as compared to the
entire sample. They are least interested in joining a political party.
Three quarters of those aged 16-19 plan tovote in national and local elections.
Those of eligible age to vote in 2014 and2015 report that they voted at higher levelsthan official records show.
3%
19%
9%
47%
12%
21% 19%
90%
47%
54%
17%
49%
3% 3%8%
32% 34% 34% 33%
75% 76%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Membership in apolitical party
Taking part in ademonstration
Striking Signing a petitionoffline
Supporting anonline crowd-
funding campaign
Voting in nationalelections
Voting in localelections
YES (16-19) YES (total pop.) NO & I don't plan to (16-19) NO & I don't plan to (total pop.) NO, but I plan to (16-19) NO, but I plan to (total pop.)
Have you been involved in the following ways in which citizens can engage in public life? If not, are you willing to get involved?
NOTE
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VALUES
9-in-10 prefer a democratic governing system. 2-in-10 would be open to undemocratic
forms of government.
As compared to young men, youngwomen are more likely to oppose astrong leader and support a democraticsystem.
3%
43%
17%
46%
40%
7%
38%
3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Having a strong leader who does not have tobother with parliament and civil society
Having a democratic political system wheredecisions are made through legislativedeliberations and public consultation
Results in total population
Don't know
Very bad
Fairly bad
Fairly good
Very good
I am going to describe two types of political systems and ask what you think about each as a way of governing Poland. Would you say each is...?
NOTE
A decisive majority believes democracy is the best possible system, but a majority would
forsake democratic principles for security.
55% would sacrifice some democraticprinciples for increased security
40% would for a higher standard of living These opinions are more strongly held by
young women than young men
Please consider the following statements about democracy and political regimes in general. For each, do you…?
NOTE
8%
15%
5%
31%
32%
40%
10%
49%
34%
25%
32%
13%
20%
18%
51%
6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
I would be ready to sacrifice some democratic principlesfor a higher standard of living
Sometimes human rights and civic liberties should berestricted in order to better protect people from
terrorism and other threats
It does not matter if the government is democratic ornot democratic
Democracy is the best possible political system
Fully agree Rather agree Rather disagree Fully disagree Don't know
Increasing ethnic and religious diversity are the least positive changes in European societies.
Issues related to gender equality are the most positive changes.
18%
40%
63%
73%
82%
36%
25%
33%
16%
14%
44%
33%
4%
10%
3%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Our society becoming more ethnically and religiously diverse
A greater acceptance of same-sex relationships
More women in leadership positions in business and politics
A larger proportion of women and men combineemployment with household duties
Women can decide if and when they have children
Changed the society for the better Neither better nor worse Changed for the worse Don't know
Below are some ways that many Europeans societies have changed over recent decades. In each case, please say whether you think this has changed society for the better, or for the worse?
Gender divergence is present on issues concerning women in leadership, same-sex
relationships, and ethnic and religious diversity.
21%15%
51%
29%
78%
48%
79%
67%
88%
76%
46%
27%
26%
25%
20%
45%
12%
19%
9%
19%31%
56%
21%
44%
2%5% 9%
12%
3% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men
Our society becomingmore ethnically andreligiously diverse
A greater acceptanceof same-sexrelationships
More women inleadership positions
in business andpolitics
A larger proportion ofwomen and men
combineemployment withhousehold duties
Women can decide ifand when they have
children
Don't know
Changed for the worse
Neither better nor worse
Changed the society for the better
Below are some ways that many Europeans societies have changed over recent decades. In each case, please say whether you think this has changed society for the better, or for the worse?
A majority believes religious values should not play a role in politics.
Those from rural areas are more split on thisquestion. 50% of this group believe religiousvalues should play no role and 46% thinkthey should play only a minor role.
57%
37%
4%2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
No role at all They should play somerole, but not much
They should play ratherimportant role
They should play a veryimportant role
In your opinion, how much of a role should religious values, as expressed by churches, play in politics and public affairs?
NOTE
IDENTITY
Young poles identify most strongly with their nation, then Europe and their religion.
Young Poles identify less with their localcommunity than the nation or Europe—theopposite of the trend for all Poles.
Level of identification with the nation andlocal communicty increases with the age ofrespondents.
19%
7%
21%
14%
34%
20%
48%
31%
48%
40%
57%
40%
60%
44%
21%
25%
23%
24%
12%
17%
7%
16%
8%
10%
4%
11%
3%
1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
My favorite sports club
Political party I vote for
My favorite music band
My local community
My religion
Europe
My nation
I identify very much Rather yes Rather no Not at all Don't know
To what extent do you identify yourself with the following entities?
NOTE
Nearly two-thirds do not think a true Pole should be Catholic.
40%
11%
37%
24%
15%
28%
6%
34%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Poles may feel proud of their history because theyhave acted more nobly than other nations
A true Pole should be a Catholic
Fully agree Rather agree Rather disagree Fully disagree Don't know
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
16 to 19 year olds are most proud of Polish history and least supportive of the idea that a
true Pole should be Catholic.
39% 40% 41%
8%14% 11%
44% 38% 32%
21%
25%25%
14%
13%17%
34%23% 30%
2%6% 9%
35% 37%31%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
16-19 20-24 25-29 16-19 20-24 25-29
Poles may feel proud of their history because theyhave acted more nobly than other nations
A true Pole should be a Catholic
Results within age groups
Don't know
Fully disagree
Rather disagree
Rather agree
Fully agree
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Divergence between and rural/urban areas exists, but the overall opinions on national
pride and whether a true Pole should be Catholic are consistent across the country.
49%38%
28%34%
16%10% 6% 6%
32%
42%
43% 32%
28%
23%
19% 23%
13% 13%
20% 25%
25%
33%
29%28%
5% 6%6% 9%
29% 33%
44%43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
village city up to100.000
city up to500.000
town largerthan 500.000
village city up to100.000
city up to500.000
town largerthan 500.000
Poles may feel proud of their history because theyhave acted more nobly than other nations
A true Pole should be a Catholic
Results by size/kind of residence place
Don't know
Fully disagree
Rather disagree
Rather agree
Fully agree
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
MEDIA CONSUMPTION AND TOP
CONCERNS
8-in-10 are interested in politics. Interest increases with age.
25%
14%
26%30%
55%
55%
57%54%
14%
23%
12% 11%
6%8%
5% 5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
TOTAL population Aged 16-19 Aged 20-24 Aged 25-29
Don't know
Not at all interested
Not very interested
Somewhat interested
Very interested
How interested would you say you are in politics and public affairs?
7-in-10 report Facebook as their most common source of political information.
Traditional media use is low, especiallypublic radio and print newspaper.
While online news portals without printverions are popular, blogs, Twitter, andalternative media are not.
Private TV and radio are used more oftenthan public broadcaters.
5%
2%
3%
3%
5%
9%
10%
13%
18%
26%
45%
5%
7%
9%
12%
12%
17%
20%
28%
33%
31%
28%
14%
26%
28%
34%
40%
43%
32%
39%
34%
29%
20%
76%
63%
59%
51%
44%
31%
38%
20%
16%
13%
6%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
“alternative” media
Private blogs
Public radio broadcasting
Mainstream print media or their online version
Public TV channel
Videoblogs on YouTube
Private TV channels
Private radio broadcasting
Publicly available web portals, which do not haveprint version
Very regularly Rather regularly Rarely Not at all
Which of the following sources of information about society and politics do you use (and how often)?
NOTE
Economic and social welfare are top concerns, then corruption and the decline of democracy.
More than half see immigration as animportant problem.
Threats to national culture, gender equality,and environmental protection are the leastpressing issues.
32%
24%
20%
28%
17%
15%
10%
15%
12%
14%
11%
7%
5%
5%
6%
31%
33%
36%
27%
34%
33%
35%
29%
30%
27%
26%
28%
17%
17%
14%
23%
27%
25%
16%
27%
35%
34%
28%
33%
29%
35%
31%
36%
35%
31%
14%
16%
18%
29%
22%
17%
21%
29%
25%
30%
27%
34%
42%
43%
50%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Gender equality
Climate change
Threats for national culture
Terrorism
Unemployment
Environment
Crime
Immigration
Education
Democratic decline and rising authoritarianism
Russian military buildup and Russian aggression…
Corruption
Pensions
Rising prices, costs of living
Healthcare
1 – not a serious problem 2 3 4 – very serious problem
NOTE
To what extent is each of the following issues a serious problem in Poland?
Young Poles generally align with Western positions on European geopolitical issues, except as concerns immigration.
58 percent believe Russia is spreadingdisinformation.
The youngest Poles are least likely to see EUmembership as a threat to Poland’ssovereignty.
4%9%
32%
16%
22%20%
42%
42%
38%37%
16%
28%
32%31%
4% 7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Immigrants make apositive contribution to
Polish society
Membership in theEuropean Union is athreat to Poland's
sovereignty
The economic sanctionsimposed on Russia afterCrimea´s annexation arejustified and should be
maintained
Russia is spreadingdisinformation to
weaken publiccommitment to
democracy and towestern institutions
Don't know
Fully disagree
Rather disagree
Rather agree
Fully agree
NOTE
Do you agree or disagree with following statements?
HUNGARY, POLAND, AND SLOVAKIA:
COMPARISON
How interested would you say you are in politics and public affairs?
NOTE
The relative majority of Slovak and Hungarian respondents are not very or not at all interested in politics.
Young Poles are by far the most interested in politics.
27%
6%
18%
28%
14%
39%
37%
55%
36%
8%
25%
7%
0% 100%
HU
PL
SK
not at all interested not very interested somewhat interested
very interested DK/NA
Please consider the following statements about democracy and political regimes in general: Democracy is the best possible political system
All believe democracy is the best possible political system. This
belief is weakest in Hungary.
6%
6%
3%
18%
13%
9%
40%
49%
43%
29%
31%
38%
7%
1%
7%
0% 100%
HU
PL
SK
fully disagree rather disagree rather agree fully agree DK/NA
Please consider the following statements about democracy and political regimes in general: Sometimes human rights and civic liberties should be restricted for a higher standard of living
NOTE
The proportion is highest in Hungary and lowest in Poland.
A significant group would sacrifice some democratic principles for
a higher standard of living.
15%
20%
11%
15%
34%
28%
36%
32%
39%
22%
8%
11%
12%
5%
11%
0% 100%
HU
PL
SK
fully disagree rather disagree rather agree fully agree DK/NA
Do you agree or disagree with following statement? Immigrants make a positive contribution to our society
NOTE
In all three countries at least 70 percent do not believe that immigrants make a positive contribution to their society.
Young Hungarians have the most negative perception of
immigrants.
65%
32%
52%
19%
38%
30%
5%
22%
9%
6%
4%
3%
6%
5%
6%
0% 100%
HU
PL
SK
fully disagree rather disagree rather agree fully agree DK/NA
To what extent do you identify yourself with Europe?
NOTE
Though the relative majority thinks similarly in Hungary, the opinions are more balanced
Poles and Slovaks most strongly identify with Europe.
12%
3%
6%
24%
17%
16%
42%
60%
50%
16%
20%
27%
7%
0%
1%
0% 100%
HU
PL
SK
not at all rather no rather yes very much DK/NA
This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Award No. AID-OAA-LA-13-00011.
The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of
USAID or the United States Government.
