YOUR TITLE GOES HERE

Date:Author:Advisor:

Acknowledgements

Capstone TalkPHYS 4300

Outline• Motivation• Background

– e.g. Maxwell’s Equations– e.g. Relativistic Corrections

• Viewgraph Formatting– Power Point Tricks– Backgrounds, and Font, Size, Color, & Style– Bulleted/enumerated lists and hierarchy– Images, Graphs, Schematics, and Cartoons– The Perfect Viewgraph

• Conclusions• Appendix: Prof. John Wilkin’s Rules for Physics Talks

Motivation Make it simple and interesting -lose them here and they are gone for good.

• General Motivation – save the known world

• Specific– Graphics are important here

Background

• Maxwell’s Equations– Use equation editor for simple equation or import as objects from pdf etc. or

cut and paste using <Print Screen>

• Relativistic Corrections

Know your audience! use this to get them up to speed.

Viewgraph Formatting• Font:

– Size - depends on room – Color - depends on background– Style - font, italics, bold, shadow,shadow, underline etc.– Backgrounds – keep them simple

• Bulleted/enumerated lists and hierarchy• Images, Graphs, Schematics, and Cartoons• The Perfect Viewgraph

Background 1: GoodBackground 1: Good

Background 2: BadBackground 2: Bad

Background 2: UglyBackground 2: Ugly

Viewgraph Formatting: Font Size

• Depends on room and on font

Can you read me now? (36)Can you read me now? (32)Can you read me now? (28)Can you read me now? (24)Can you read me now? (20)Can you read me now? (18)Can you read me now? (16)Can you read me now? (14)Can you read me now? (12)Can you read me now? (10)

Colors

Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now? Can you read me Now?

Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now? Can you read me Now?

Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now?Can you read me Now? Can you read me Now?

Readability depends heavily on the actual output device used.

ON VIEWGRAPH FONTS [TNR 40]

Tools for Clarity [TNR 28]

Hierarchy is crucial. [TNR 24] Group ideas logically, but be consistent. [TNR 20]

This adds needed order to a viewgraph. [TNR 16] But too much “hierarchy” is confusing. [TNR 14]

For example, can you read this? [TNR 14, 12, 10]

Colour too is useful. [TNR 24] Be consistent within and between viewgraphs. [TNR 20]

But to not be frivolous. [TNR 16] Over use of colour is distracting. [TNR 14]

And some colours really do not work well. [TNR 14]

Other tricks include distinctive fonts and highlighting. [TNR 24]

Italics, bold, underlined, shadowshadow and combinationscombinations? Be consistent [TNR 20] And do not over use. [TNR 16]For this can be very distracting [Arial16], To say the least [Alg..D 16]Too much of this is bad.

ON VIEWGRAPH FONTS [TNR 40]

Tools for Clarity [TNR 28]

Hierarchy is crucial. [TNR 24] Group ideas logically, but be consistent. [TNR 20]

This adds needed order to a viewgraph. [TNR 16] But too much “hierarchy” is confusing. [TNR 14]

For example, can you read this? [TNR 14, 12, 10]

Colour too is useful. [TNR 24] Be consistent within and between viewgraphs. [TNR 20]

But to not be frivolous. [TNR 16] Over use of colour is distracting. [TNR 14]

And some colours really do not work well. [TNR 14]

Other tricks include distinctive fonts and highlighting. [TNR 24]

Italics, bold, underlined, shadowshadow and combinationscombinations? Be consistent [TNR 20] And do not over use. [TNR 16]For this can be very distracting [Arial16], To say the least [Alg..D 16]Too much of this is bad.

Demonstration PowerPoint• Use the predefined blank.pot

– Bulleted items are formatted correctly• you must use the Title and Text layout to get this bullet layout

– Addition bulleted text boxes should be a copy of this» Go no deeper than this (and this is too deep)

• Keep text above 16 points (18 preferred) if you want the audience to be able to read the text• Group graphical objects together as it makes it easier to modify the layout

– Use multiple groupings• text and arrow• text and scale bar• Etc.

– Then group the groups to have a composite drawing• Name your PowerPoint Well: DescriptiveTitle-YearMonthDate.ppt

– i.e. DemonstrationPowerPoint-20050610.ppt

Power Point Tricks• Use Master Page – it does save time!• I like Font size to be defined by me, and the text box to fit around it.

– <Right Click> <Format Place Holder..> <Text Box> <Resize Autoshape ..> • Tricks to minimize white space.

– Use “<View> <Ruler>” to minimize bullet-text separation – Use “<Format> <Line Spacing> - minimum settings of 0.85 line and 0.15

before/after works.– Maximize figure size. <Copy> <Paste Special, as Picture png> Very useful.

• If bulleted item is > 2 lines you are probably being too verbose.• For graphs, when you create the plots using whatever software package, use

sensible colors (e.g. Bl R G B, and stay consistent!), thick enough lines, and large enough fonts.

• Fonts: be sensible Arial is clean and Times New Roman dense.• Graphics need a title and caption!• Stealing graphics on the web: <Print Screen>, <Paste> and crop! But you must

cite – best cite below the figure.

Death of a Star• Nuclear fusion in

star’s core– Occurs in phases

• Massive stars ( > 8 Msun) burn to Fe peak elements– Fe core collapses– Energetic

explosion• Supernova

– Remnant is neutron star or black hole

H He

He C

C Ne

Ne O, Mg

O Si

Si Fe

Death of a Star• Nuclear fusion in star’s core

– Occurs in phases

• Massive stars ( M > 8 Msun) burn to Fe peak elements– Fe core collapses– Energetic explosion

• Supernova

– Remnant is neutron star or black hole

Aug. 21 — -10 days (before max light)• Again,

higher metallicity makes better 6200Å feature

• Quality of fit roughly the same for both models

Aug. 21 — -10 days (before max light)• Again, higher

metallicity makes better 6200Å feature

• Quality of fit roughly the same for both models

Mass Spectrometry• We use Isotopic Mass Spectrometry to detect isotopologues (or isotopomers) in a given gas sample

•In Mass Spectrometry, a sample is prepared, injected, and borne via an inert carrier gas (He) through a catalytic oven into an ionization source, where the gas particles are ionized via

electron impact

•These ions are then accelerated through a high voltage static potential, into a magnetic field, which bends the ions into a circular path by mass

•A series of sequential Faraday cup detectors then detect the ionized particles, thus detecting the isotopologues

•For our experiment, we used a Thermo Scientific Delta V Isotope Mass Spectrometer, outputting all ion currents into the Isodat

Acquisition program

What is Mass Spectrometry?

• Mass spectrometry takes an ionized sample and differentially separates it by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)

• Developed by JJ Thompson in 1897 – 1906 Nobel Prize

• Three common elements to all modern mass spectrometers– Ionization Source (converts sample particles) – Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles

according to Lorentz Force Law and Newton’s Second Law: (m/z)*a=E+(v x B)

– Ion currents detected – Limitation: Some compounds have same mass

Ion Source

MassAnalyzer

Detector

What is Mass Spectrometry?• Mass spectrometry (MS) takes an ionized

sample and separates it by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)

– e.g. z=1 for singly ionized species, m is mass of ion in atomic mass units AMU.

• Brief history – Pioneered by J.J. Thomson in the early 1900s – First “full” MS demonstrated by William Aston

(1922 Nobel Prize)– First “modern” MS demonstrated by A.J.

Dempster (circa 1920)• Three elements in modern Mass Specs

1. Ionization Source –ionize gas molecules and accelerates ions

2. Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles according to Lorentz Force Law

3. Detector• Limitation: Some ions have same mass

e.g. CO+ (m=12+16=28) AMU and N2+

(M=2*14=28).

+

B

Ion SourceAccelerate through V

Mass AnalyzerSector Magnet

(uniform B)

)1(21 2mvzV

DetectorSingle slit or

array

Ions deflected in arc radius R

Solving for v in (1), inserting into (2) and rearranging,

)3(2

1

vm

BVR

)2(/2 RmvzvBBvzF

What is Mass Spectrometry?• Mass spectrometry (MS) takes an ionized

sample and separates it by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)

– e.g. z=1 for singly ionized species, m is mass of ion in atomic mass units AMU.

• Brief history – Pioneered by J.J. Thomson in the early 1900s – First “full” MS demonstrated by William Aston

(1922 Nobel Prize)– First “modern” [added sector magnet] MS

demonstrated by A.J. Dempster (circa 1920)• Three elements in modern Mass Specs

1. Ionization Source –ionize gas molecules and accelerates ions

2.Mass analyzer: Deflects charged particles according to Lorentz Force Law

3.Detector: Detects ion currents• Limitation: Some ions have same mass

– e.g. CO+ (m=12+16=28) AMU and N2+

(M=2*14=28).

DetectorSingle slit or

arrayMass AnalyzerSector Magnet

(uniform B)

Ion SourceAccelerate through V

v

B

)1(21 2mvzV

)2(2

RmvzvBBvzF

Mass Spec. Equ’nSolving for v in (1), inserting into (2), and re-arranging:

)3(2

1

zm

BVR

+

Schematic of Mass Spec.• R of ion trajectories only dependent on (m/z) for

given V and B• Typically set V and scan B to scan through (m/z)

SWNT Thin FilmsSWNT Thin Films

Combine electrical and optical Combine electrical and optical propertiesproperties

Potential ApplicationsPotential Applications– Transparent ElectrodesTransparent Electrodes

LCDsLCDs Touch ScreensTouch Screens

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

% T

rans

mis

sion

Wavelength (nm)

NaC NaC -Rest SDBS T100 CTAB Isopropanol

Single-Wall Nanotube Thin FilmsSingle-Wall Nanotube Thin Films Combine electrical and optical propertiesCombine electrical and optical properties Potential ApplicationsPotential Applications

–Transparent ElectrodesTransparent Electrodes–LCDs and Touch ScreensLCDs and Touch Screens

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of SWNTs deposited on to glassimage of SWNTs deposited on to glass

Transmission vs. Transmission vs. for SWNTs for SWNTs Deposited from Various Deposited from Various

SolutionsSolutions

500 nm500 nm

Carbon Nanotubes on GlassCarbon Nanotubes on Glass

15 nm

Molecular Beam EpitaxyMolecular Beam Epitaxy(MBE): Self Assembly(MBE): Self Assembly

Picture of MBE/STMPicture of MBE/STM

in situ STM of Dots

Tunable diameters: 20 to 500 nm Ordered micron-sized domains

Near-Ordered Sulfuric

Ordered Oxalic

Acid: Voltage Pore Size (diameter)

Pore Separation (center to center)

Phosphoric: 195 V 270 nm 500 nm Oxalic: 40 V 40 nm 100 nm

Sulfuric: 25 V 20 nm 60 nm

Anodized Aluminum Oxide MasksAnodized Aluminum Oxide Masks

Conclusions• Often a summary and conclusions

Future• What will be done on the project after you leave/graduate

Prof. John Wilkin’s Rules for Physics TalksRules for preparing talk/viewgraphs

Decide on take-home message.What do you want listeners to carry away? Design talk to that aim.

Pick figures and illustrations that deliver take-home message. On each viewgraph, put

Title that summarize subject of viewgraph. Carefully formulated argument. Conclusion of argument at bottom of viewgraph.

Practice for: Length. Shorter is better. Connectivity. Cleanly segue from one viewgraph to the next. Clarity . Formulate your ideas accurately and concisely. Segue To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element

to another. "Daylight segued into dusk" - Susan Dworski. How do the world's most celebrated adolescents [sc. the Rolling Stones] segue into

middle age? http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/writing/