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YOUR ORGANIZATION HERE
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Research vs. Politics
Shouldmarijuana
belegalized?
IS there objective,
scientific evidencethat marijuana
causes health &/or impairmentproblems?
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“Science has learned more about marijuana in the past twenty years than in the preceding two hundred. Ironically, however, there has been a major incongruence between the scientific knowledge gained and the public’s understanding of the drug.”
Sabet, Kevin A. , Ph. D. Director, Drug Policy Institute
Co-Founder, Project SAM (Smart Approaches to Marijuana)
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POP QUIZ!
1. Marijuana doesn’t hurt anyone. • True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
1. Marijuana doesn’t hurt anyone. • True• False
What would most people
say?
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What do people mean when say “doesn’t hurt anyone?”
• No one dies?– From overdose?
• TRUE!– From toxicity from edibles?
• FALSE!– Overdose or poisoning is not how
most people die from drug use– Risk comes from:
• Safety & Health
• What about addiction?• What about quality of life?
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Impacts on:The Developing Brain
Many studies consistently show use linked to:– Changes in adolescent brain resulting in learning and memory
problems, IQ loss, less life satisfaction
Recent studiesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine:1. Changes in brain structure similar to schizophrenia– Impacting learning, memory, communications between brain
regions
2. Casual use linked to brain abnormalities– Significant changes in shape, volume and density of brain regions– Directly related to the number of joints smoked/week
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Impacts on youth:Schooling & Employment
Many studies consistently show use linked to:
– Reduced grades• Youth with D average grade or below were 4x as likely to use
marijuana than those with A average
– Enrollment gaps & leaving school
– Lower incomes as adults
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Impacts on Adults:Employment
• Majority of positive drug tests are for marijuana
• Employees who abuse drugs are: – 10 x more likely to miss work – 3.6 x more likely to be involved in on-the-job incidents – 5 x more likely to file a workers’ compensation claim.
• Job applicants who tested positive:– 59.3% higher absenteeism rate– 47% higher rate of involuntary turnover
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POP QUIZ!
2. Marijuana is not addictive.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
2. Marijuana is not addictive.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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Marijuana IS addictive
• Intensity of withdrawal varies– How progressed is the addiction?
– Half life confuses the issue
– Lab studies (mice & humans)
• 1 out of 11 users become addicted– Similar to alcohol
• When use starts in adolescence, rate is 1 out of 6– Similar to cocaine
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Marijuana Treatment Admissions
• 1 out of 4 of all people in treatment were treated for marijuana
• In 2013:#1: Alcohol#2: Pain relievers#3: Marijuana#4: Cocaine
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A new finding:
Individuals treated for addiction to marijuana had a higher mortality rate than those with
diagnoses related to cocaine or alcohol.
So we can’t say “no one dies”
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Danger of new policies
States with marijuana as a “medicine” – marijuana abuse/dependence rates almost 2x
higher than states without medical access
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POP QUIZ!
3. The potency of today’s marijuana is:A. About the same as the marijuana from the 1970s.B. A little stronger than the marijuana from the
1970s.C. About 6x stronger than the marijuana from the
1970s.D. At least 100x stronger than the
marijuana from the 1970s.What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
3. The potency of today’s marijuana is:A. About the same as the marijuana from the 1970s.B. A little stronger than the marijuana from the
1970s.C. About 6x stronger than the marijuana from
the 1970s.D. At least 100x stronger than the
marijuana from the 1970s.What would most people
say?
Potency: Increased THC Content in Seized Marijuana
PERCENT THC FROM 1983 TO 2009
10%
9%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0
Sources: The University of Mississippi Potency Monitoring Project
’85
’90
’95
’00
’05
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Increased potency = increased problems
• This increase in potency has coincided with:
– Increased emergency room admissions with marijuana
Rates of Emergency Department (ED) Visits Involving Illicit Drugsper 100,000 Population, by Age and Drug: 2010
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Increased potency = increased problems
• AND, this increase in potency has coincided with:
– Increased drug treatment admissions for marijuana addiction
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• Waxing (or Dabbing) Hash Oil– 70 – 90% THC
• New dangers:– “Vaping” or “Vape Pens” – Edibles
Potency Extremes
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POP QUIZ!
4. It is safe to drive after using marijuana.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
4. It is safe to drive after using marijuana.• True•False
What would most people
say?
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Marijuana & driving
• The most prevalent illegal drug detected in:– impaired drivers– fatally injured drivers– motor vehicle crash victims
• Definitively impairs driving performance in studies using:– Open & closed driving courses– Driving simulators
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Marijuana & driving
Impairments linger:
Roadside sobriety test
90 minutes after smoking: 94% failed2.5 hours after smoking: 60% failed
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Typical high = impairment at .08 BAC
• .08 BAC does not mean safe to drive!– Over 300 studies show .08 BAC causes problems with:
• Divided attention• Complex reaction time• Steering• Lane changing• Judgment
• Drivers between .05 - .08 are 7 – 21x more likely to be killed in crash
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Marijuana & driving
The Bottom Line:
At minimum, marijuana use doubles the risk of a car crash
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Colorado
Overall traffic
fatalities
DOWN16%
UP114%
Traffic fatalities + for
marijuana
Between 2006 – 2011 as a Medical Marijuana state only:
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POP QUIZ!
5. Using marijuana is safer than drinking alcohol.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
5. Using marijuana is safer than drinking alcohol.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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Marijuana & impairment
• Mental vs. physical impairment• Marijuana impairment (immediate & lingering)– Memory– Attention– Vision– Depth Perception– Perception of time– Judgment– Perception of performance
• At minimum, doubles risk of car crash
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Marijuana & health
• Heart• Immune System• Depression, Anxiety, Other Mental Health Concerns• Cancers• Respiratory System
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POP QUIZ!
6. Smoking marijuana is safer than smoking cigarettes.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
6. Smoking marijuana is safer than smoking cigarettes.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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Marijuana is NOT safer than tobacco
• Hotter smoke, often unfiltered• Held in the lungs longer• 3 – 10x the tar (resin)
– 4x tar retention as a comparable filtered cigarette
• 50% - 75% more of some carcinogens
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Marijuana is NOT safer than tobacco
• 1 joint has similar airflow obstruction as up to 5 cigarettes
• Increased incidence of inflammation, sinusitis, bronchitis, emphysema
• Findings on lung cancer are mixed
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POP QUIZ!
7. Marijuana is a safe because it is natural.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
7. Marijuana is a safe because it is natural.• True• False
What would most people
say?
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Natural Safe.
• Some believe:– From the earth & used in natural form– Tobacco has additives– Other drugs man-made concoctions in a lab or a
basement• BUT– Many plants are toxic & unsafe for human use– Even in its most natural forms, marijuana has been
proven to carry both health & safety risks
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Plant as natural medicine?
• Many plants have medicinal properties or chemical compounds within them
• But we don’t:– Smoke opium for pain relief– Chew willow bark for aspirin– Eat rosy periwinkle for battling leukemia
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Basic tenets of safe & effective medicine
• Goal of medicine:– Increase benefits and reduce harm/risk
• Good medicine:– Research support for conditions proven to help– Controlled strength & purity– Appropriate dosage levels– Age limits as needed– Safe means of administration
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Medicine is not up for vote
Marijuana should be subject to the same research, consideration & study
as any other potential medicine.
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POP QUIZ!
8. Everybody does it!• True• False
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
8. Everybody does it!• True•False
What would most people
say?
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Marijuana is becoming more normalized
Marijuana is all over the news, joked about in television shows,
and depicted as normal in the movies.
Add the internet presence of this drug, and it would be easy to think that
“everybody’s doing it.”
YET . . .
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Everybody is NOT doing it
Use of ANY illegal drug:
– Entire population: Less than 10%
Use of marijuana:
– Entire population: 7.3%
– Youth aged 12 – 17: 7.2 %
– Young adults aged 18 – 25: 18.7%
58% of Americans have never even tried marijuana
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The BLUNT TRUTH is:
The MAJORITY is Drug-free!
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But . . . As marijuana policies have changed
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Perceived Great Risk of Harm from Regular Use
Used in Past Month
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A historical turn
More youth today smoke marijuana than cigarettes.
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POP QUIZ!
9. If we legalize and tax marijuana, governments will gain much needed dollars.• True• False What would
most people say?
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POP QUIZ!
9. If we legalize and tax marijuana, governments will gain much needed dollars.• True• False What would
most people say?
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Colorado’s Low Return on Tax Income
$33.5 million -- First 6 month projected$21.5 million -- Actual
1. Black market cheaper2. Medical marijuana
cheaper• Excess sold illegally• Rise in “patients”
3. Can grow own4. Lawmakers too
optimistic
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Tax Revenue?Doubtful.
Alcohol• 2007 federal tax revenue: $9 billion• 2007 state tax revenue: $5.5 billion• 2007 social costs of alcohol: $185 billion
Tobacco• Annual social cost to Americans: $200 billion• Annual tax revenue: $25 billion
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POP QUIZ!
10.Legalizing marijuana will eliminate the black market and drug cartels .• True• False What would
most people say?
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POP QUIZ!
10.Legalizing marijuana will eliminate the black market and drug cartels .• True•False What would
most people say?
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Will crime still pay?
• Marijuana only 15% - 20% of cartel revenue• Most legalization schemes include high taxes – Black market will undercut price to keep market
share• Legalization likely will increase demand• Law enforcement reports from other states
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POP QUIZ!
11. What percent of state prisoners are being held for marijuana possession only? A. 0.7 % B. 5.2 %C. 10.8 %D. 17.1 % What would
most people say?
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POP QUIZ!
11. What percent of state prisoners are being held for marijuana possession only? A. 0.7 % B. 5.2 %C. 10.8 %D. 17.1 %
What would most people
say?
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Risk for arrest
1 arrest for every 12,000 jointson the street
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Federal prisons
• Federal prisoners are 13% of total prison population in the U.S.– 51% had a drug offense as most serious crime
(2009)– 99.8% of those sentenced for drug offenses were
incarcerated for drug trafficking
Don’t be imprisoned by the myth!
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POP QUIZ!
12. One ounce of marijuana yields:A. Approximately 3 cigarette sized joints.B. Approximately 8 cigarette sized joints.C. Approximately 15 cigarette sized joints.D. Approximately 84 cigarette sized joints.
What would most people
say?
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POP QUIZ!
12. One ounce of marijuana yields:A. Approximately 3 cigarette sized joints.B. Approximately 8 cigarette sized joints.C. Approximately 15 cigarette sized joints.
D. Approximately 84 cigarette sized joints.
What would most people
say?
1 oz. 1 schmoz . . . so what?
• Colorado & Washington allow possession up to 1 oz. possession– AKA NORML 1 oz. = approx. 84 joints– 1 joint at minimum = 4 hrs. intoxication– 84 joints x 4 hrs. intoxication = 336 hrs. high per oz.– 336 hrs. = 14 days of continual high
• Colorado allows possession of up to 6 plants
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6 plants? So what?
• Aka NORML, 1 plant = .5 - .54 lbs. of marijuana
• 1 lb. = 16 oz.• 6 plants = 38.4 to 51.84 oz.• 6 plants = 538 to 726 days of continual high
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Colorado Allows:
___ oz.
___ plants
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Ohio:One initiative would allow:
_____ oz.
_____ plants
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3.512
Ohio’s Future?
• An eligible resident can get 3 ½ oz. every 21 days= 294 joints= 49 days of continuous high
• A person can serve as a patient, caregiver and safe access center simultaneously. – Caregivers alone can possess 12 plants and care for 5
patients– Equates to one person potentially having 108 marijuana
plants.= 9,684 – 13,068 days of continuous high
Where will the excess go?72
Any surprise?
Denver, Colorado
• 72% of kids in rehab under 18 report they got their marijuana from a medical marijuana cardholder.
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Compassionate care orincreased access to marijuana?
>80%• Most card holders in
CA & CO are white men between the ages of 17 and 35
• No history of chronic illness
• History of Alcohol and Drug Use
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Most Serious Condi-tions - 4%
Other Conditions - 96%
The average age of user is 40 years old and 69% are male. Of the 96% using for other condi-tions, 94% are using it for “severe pain.”
Who are the Patients?
Colorado 75
Most Serious Conditions - 2%
Other Conditions - 98%
300,000 to 400,000 “patients” in Cali-fornia with 12% of those patients under the age of 21.
Who are the Patients?
California 76
Most Serious Conditions - 6.9%
Other Conditions - 93.1%
89.9% of the medical marijuana card holders are being treated for “se-vere pain” which can in-clude menstrual cramps, headaches and minor arthritis.
Who are the Patients?
Oregon 77
Most Serious Conditions - 2%
Other Conditions - 98%
Who are the Patients?
500 of the 8,000 cardholders are under 21 years of age.
Hawaii 78
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OhioFall 2014?
Ohio Cannabis Rights Amendment(OCRA)
If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Self-diagnosisNo medical professionals
involved in prescribing or dispensing
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Possession“amount sufficient to meet their
therapeutic needs”
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Ages18 and over, but
under 18 can use it with written consent of parent
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Employers & law enforcementcannot use testing
Must prove impairment scientificallyThere is no method to prove impairment
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Cannot discriminate againstOpens the door to civil lawsuits
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Regulation & Oversight• Petitioners choose the committee to make the rules• General Assembly has no input• Colorado’s audit . . .
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Colorado’s Medical MarijuanaAudit Results
• Enacted new system of statewide regulations summer 2010• Medical Marijuana Enforcement Division
– Oversees 1,440 dispensaries, grow centers and marijuana infused-product businesses
• June 2013 Audit -- Failures found in:– Application process & keeping bad actors out
– Monitoring & tracking inventory
– Expense controls
– Seizure and destruction policies
• Auditors: “Regulatory system does not exist”86
Marijuana based products such as foods, oils, ointments, aerosols, may be legally sold as “medicine”
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
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If passed, what would the legislation allow?
Production & Sale of Hemp• Plants look the same• Can make hash oil from hemp plants• Increases access & availability• Huge burden on law enforcement & Dept. of
Agriculture
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Proposed changes to marijuana policies impact:
• Public health• Public safety• Our youth• Businesses• Law enforcement• Healthcare
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Setting public health policy
Public Health
Public Opinion
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How can you help to . . . ?
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WORD!
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