Your Majestic Pump:Your Majestic Pump:The Human HeartThe Human Heart

APL3APL3

Cardiovascular systemCardiovascular system

Composed of:Composed of:– HeartHeart– Blood vessels ( arteries, veins, Blood vessels ( arteries, veins,

capillaries)capillaries)

Vital for circulation: circulating Vital for circulation: circulating oxygen to body and toxins (wastes) oxygen to body and toxins (wastes) outout

Cardiac Output Cardiac Output (Performance)(Performance)

Stroke volume: 80ml at restStroke volume: 80ml at rest

Heart Rate: 70 bpm at rest; 180 during Heart Rate: 70 bpm at rest; 180 during exerciseexercise

Cardiac Output: SV * HR = 5600 ml/minCardiac Output: SV * HR = 5600 ml/min Total blood volume is approx 5-6 liters. Total blood volume is approx 5-6 liters.

Your heart pumps almost entire volume Your heart pumps almost entire volume of blood throughout body in 1 minute!of blood throughout body in 1 minute!

Your incredible engine!Your incredible engine!

How much gas How much gas would the average would the average car pump in its life? car pump in its life?

Blood pumped in Blood pumped in 70 years:70 years:

206 million liters, 206 million liters, or 50 million or 50 million gallonsgallons

Most efficient Most efficient engine ever madeengine ever made

Typical hybrid car Typical hybrid car (60mpg)(60mpg)

New cars (26.5 New cars (26.5 mpg)mpg)

Coverings of the HeartCoverings of the Heart

Double layered Double layered PericardiumPericardium– Visceral: inner, delicate Visceral: inner, delicate

lining on surface of heartlining on surface of heart– Parietal: outer, tough Parietal: outer, tough

sac fitting loosely sac fitting loosely around heartaround heart

Pericardial cavity: Pericardial cavity: space between 2 space between 2 layers.layers.

Filled with fluid to Filled with fluid to frictionfriction

Wall of heart: 3 LayersWall of heart: 3 Layers

Epicardium: Epicardium: protective outer protective outer membranemembrane

Myocardium: Myocardium: middle, heart middle, heart wall, rich in blood wall, rich in blood – Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

Endocardium: Endocardium: inner lining of inner lining of heart wallheart wall– Purkinje fibers, Purkinje fibers,

collagen, elastin, collagen, elastin, BV’s BV’s

Heart chambers: FourHeart chambers: Four 2 Atria2 Atria: Thin walled : Thin walled

upper chambersupper chambers– Receive bloodReceive blood

2 ventricles2 ventricles: Thick : Thick walled lower walled lower chamberschambers– Pump blood outPump blood out

R. & L. sides R. & L. sides separated by separated by septumseptum

One way blood flow: Valves One way blood flow: Valves

One set separates One set separates the atria & the atria & ventriclesventricles

Tricuspid:Tricuspid: (3 cusps) (3 cusps) Separates Right Separates Right

atria and R. atria and R. ventricleventricle

BicuspidBicuspid: (2 cusps): (2 cusps) Left atria & L. Left atria & L.

ventricleventricle

Valves cont’Valves cont’

Semilunar valves: Semilunar valves: separate the separate the ventricles from the ventricles from the exits of the heartexits of the heart

Pulmonary SL valve Pulmonary SL valve separates R separates R ventricle from the ventricle from the pulmonary arterypulmonary artery

Aortic SL valve Aortic SL valve separates L. separates L. ventricle from the ventricle from the aorta aorta