Upload
javion-rickson
View
214
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
YOURLOGOHERE
TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
BY ROADCDG 2009 – Practical Application
Trevor Moseley
University of Sheffield
RSC –Radioactivity and the Law
October 2009
YOURLOGOHERE
Where our Regs come from
IAEA Basic Safety Standards– Equivalent to EU BSS
IAEA TS-R-1 , 2009– Regulations for the Safe Transport of
Radioactive Materials
ADR 2009– European Agreement for International
Carriage of Dangerous Goods
CDG 2009 (SI 2009 No.1348)– Carriage of Dangerous Goods and use of
Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations
YOURLOGOHERE
Scope – what is excluded
The regulations do not apply to the transport of radioactive materials -
– within the perimeter of an enclosed area
– in the body of a person or animal
– in instruments of war
– in luminous watches and devices in the vehicle
– in natural materials and ores
– covered by a derogation
YOURLOGOHERE
Derogations - radioactives Approved Derogations and Transitional Provisions
– www.dft.gov.uk/426155/approvedderogations.pdf Derogation for commercial products (domestic
use)– Excludes up to 500 smoke detectors and 5 GTLDs
Derogation re carriage of FXs– For up to 10 packages with sum of TI <3
Alternative to orange plates– Use of cab notice in vehicles <3.5 tonnes carrying up
to 10 packages with sum of TI <3 Derogation re crossing of public roads
– Permits transport between private premises separated by a public road with partial exemption from ADR requirements – i.e. DGSA, placarding, documentation, some driver training.
YOURLOGOHERE
EXEMPTION LIMITS
Nuclide Activity conc Bq/g
Activity Limit Bq
H-3 1x106 1 GBq
C-14 1x104 10 MBq
P-32 1x103 100 kBq
P-33 1x105 100 MBq
S-35 1x105 100 MBq
I-125 1x103 1 MBq
Co-60 1x101 100 kBq
Cs-137 1x101 10 kBq
YOURLOGOHERE
CLASSIFICATION OFEXCEPTED PACKAGES
See ADR 2.2.7.2
UN 2910 - limited quantity of material
UN 2908 - empty packaging
UN 2909 - articles made from nat U or dep U, or nat Th.
UN 2911 - instruments and articles
YOURLOGOHERE
Excepted Package – limited quantity of
materials
Nuclide Ordinary Solid
Liquids
H-3 40 GBq 4 GBqC-14 3 GBq 300 MBqP-32 0.5 GBq 50 MBqP-33 1 GBq 100 MBqS-35 3 GBq 300 MBqI-125 3 GBq 300 MBqCo-60 0.4 GBq 40 MBqCs-137 0.6 GBq 60 MBq
See Table 2.2.7.2.4.1.2 of ADRNB surface dose-rate < 5uSv/h.
YOURLOGOHERE
Excepted Package Requirements
Exempt from: security provisions, vehicle placarding, radioactive warning labels, instructions in writing, need for a DGSA.
No restriction on loading/unloading in a public place.
Provisions re training, radiation protection programme & QA programme should be proportionate to the risk.
YOURLOGOHERE
Main Provisions for Excepted Packages
Detailed in ADR 1.7.1.5 and covered in Ch 5 on consignment procedures
Mixed packing allowed see ADR 5.1.4 Markings should be visible, legible and permanent –
resistant to the elements Mark on UN number and consignor or consignee
details Mark weight if > 50kg Mark orientation arrows for liquids
– n/a if <120ml and packed with absorbent material Mark as radioactive on internal surface Has to withstand routine transport conditions
YOURLOGOHERE
Basic Design Requirements
for Routine Transport
Full details can be found in 6.4.2 of ADR– Easily and safely transported and securely stowed– External surfaces can be easily decontaminated– Prevent collection and retention of water– Withstand reasonable amount of movement in
back of a van (routine transport)– Contents should be compatible with packaging– Withstand normal range of temps and pressures
» NB additional requirements for air transport
– Take note of any other dangerous properties» Other dangerous properties take precedence
YOURLOGOHERE
Transport Documents for Excepted Packages
Only require provisions of ADR 5.4.1.1.1 – a) UN Number– g) name and address of consignor– h) name and address of consignee
However would recommend a signed ‘shipper’s declaration’ e.g.– ‘I hereby declare that the contents of this
consignment are fully and accurately described by proper shipping name, and are classified, packed, marked and labelled, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport by road according to the applicable international governmental regulations’
YOURLOGOHERE
Example excepted package
Screw top or tight fitting lid giving a good seal
Absorbent material at least twice the volume in the tubes
Screw-topped tubes taped with radioactive tape
Packing of polystyrene or
tissues etc Sample tubes containing
excepted amounts of radioactivity
Strong plastic or metal tub
YOURLOGOHERE
Air Transport – excepted package
Radioactive Material, Excepted Package
This package contains radioactive material,excepted package and is in all respects in compliance with the applicable international and national governmental regulations.
UN _______ The information for this package need not appear on the Notification to Captain (NOTOC)
YOURLOGOHERE
Type A, IP, LSA & SCO (see ADR Table
2.2.7.2.1.1)
UN 2915 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, TYPE A PACKAGE, non special form, non
fissile or fissile excepted
UN 3332 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, TYPE A PACKAGE, SPECIAL FORM, non fissile or fissile excepted
UN 2912 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY, (LSA-I), non fissile or fissile excepted
UN 2913 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, SURFACE CONTAMINATED OBJECTS, (SCO-I or SCO-II), non fissile or fissile excepted
YOURLOGOHERE
Type A Package Limits
Nuclide
Special Form –A1
Other Form – A2
H-3 40 TBq 40 TBqC-14 40 TBq 3 TBqP-32 0.5 TBq 0.5 TBqP-33 40 TBq 1 TBqS-35 40 TBq 3 TBqI-125 20 TBq 3 TBqCo-60 0.4 TBq 0.4 TBqCs-137 2 TBq 0.6 TBqAm-241 10 TBq 1 GBq
See: ADR 2.2.7.2.4.4 & Table 2.2.7.2.2.1
YOURLOGOHERE
LSA – low specific activity
LSA-I-iv– Other radioactive material, activity distributed
throughout, av up to 30x exempt conc values.
LSA-1 ADR 2.2.7.2.3.1.2a(iv)Nuclide Activity in 10kg of waste
H-3 300GBq
C-14 3 GBq
S-35 30GBq
P-32 300MBq
I-125 300MBq
YOURLOGOHERE
SCO – surface contaminated objects
(ADR 2.2.7.2.3.2)
SCO-I– Non-fixed contamination
» <4 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas)» <0.4 Bq/cm2 (other alphas)
– Fixed contamination» <4 x 104 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas)» <4 x 103 Bq/cm2 (other alphas)
SCO-II– Non-fixed contamination
» <400Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas)» <40 Bq/cm2 (other alphas)
– Fixed contamination» <8 x 105 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas)» <8 x 104 Bq/cm2 (other alphas)
YOURLOGOHERE
IP packaging of waste (ADR 6.4.5)
Type IP-1– Should be designed to contain radioactive
contents under routine transport conditions
Type IP-2 & IP-3– Protect against loss or dispersal and loss
of shielding under normal conditions of transport
Shipping waste under exclusive use– LSA-I or SCO-I use IP-1 container– LSA-II or SCO-II use IP-2 container
NB can ship waste in excepted packages
YOURLOGOHERE
Waste transported as excepted packages
Lockable lid
Bagged labelled waste
240L wheelie bin
Bin identifier
Transport label
YOURLOGOHERE
IP and Type A (ADR 6.4.5 – 6.4.7)
IP-1 – Minimum external dimension of 10cm
IP-2– As above + withstand dropping tests and
stacking tests IP-3 & Type A (no liquids)
– As above + security seal, securely closed containment system, temperature and pressure resistance, design in accordance with approved standards etc.
Type A (liquids)– As above + more stringent drop test and
penetration test + minimum 2 levels of containment
– Absorbent material, 2 x volume of liquid contents
YOURLOGOHERE
Testing of Packages
TYPE B Comp authority approval. Performance tests
Withstand accidents
during transport
HAZARDHIGH
TYPE AIP-2, IP-3
Self certificated + performance tests
Normal transport
EXCEPTEDIP-1
Self certificated (no tests)
Routine
EXEMPT Not applicable (no tests)
Routine HAZARD LOW
YOURLOGOHERE
Tests for Normal Transport
Water spray test – 5cm rain in an hour
Free drop test – Height dependent on mass, testing possible weak
points
Stacking test – over 24 hours Penetration test
– metal rod 3.2cm diameter weighing 6kg
See ADR 6.4.15 & 6.4.16 for full details
YOURLOGOHERE
Transport Documents for Type A packages etc
See ADR 5.4.1 & 5.4.1.2.5 for full details
Consignment Cert for CLASS 7 Radioactive MaterialThe Carriage of Dangerous Goods etc Regulations SI 2009 No.1348
From ConsignorName & Address + contact & tel no.
To ConsigneeName & Address
Description of Consignment: UN No. & Shipping Name + any subsidiary risks
Maximum dose-rate at surface of container in uSv/h
Radionuclide
Physical & Chemical Form
Activity in MBq (or GBq etc)
Package Type: Excepted / Type A / IP-I etc
Category: n/a (excepted) I-WHITE, II-YELLOW, III-YELLOW
Transport Index: n/a (excepted and I-WHITE)
Contamination Checks: <4Bq/cm2 (b, g, U & Th); <0.4Bq/cm2 (other alphas)
Shippers Declaration Sign, Print Name, Date
YOURLOGOHERE
Transport Index
TI Max dose-rate at surface
Category
0 5uSv/h I-WHITE
0-1 500uSv/h II-YELLOW
1-10 2mSv/h III-YELLOW
>10 * 10mSv/h III-YELLOW
* Transported under exclusive use.
Determination of TI:- dose-rate at 1m in uSv/h ÷ 10 (mrem/h)
YOURLOGOHERE
Example Type A package
Push fit lids should be taped and screw fit lids should be taped and the seal initialled when despatching a package to another establishment
Packing Snap-top plastic tub or taped lead
pot as appropriate (marked radioactive)
Absorbent material 2 x volume in vial
Vial containing stock solution Foam pad Strong plastic or metal tub
Minimum outer dimension of 10cm
YOURLOGOHERE
Training For All - ADR 1.3
General awareness training Function specific training Radiation hazard awareness Safe handling and emergency
response
Training to be documented and details kept by employer and employee
YOURLOGOHERE
Level of Training for Drivers
Transport of excepted packages– ADR 1.3 + basic need to know training with record
kept by employer and employee
Transport of excepted packages and up to 10 Type A (sum of TI<3)– Certificated training by employer covering duties
under HASAW Act, CDG2009 and hazard awareness etc
Transport of higher activities and quantities– 2 day City & Guilds course for VTC valid for 5
years
YOURLOGOHERE
Need to Know – ADR (8.1)
ADR Requirement Excepted
Type A
Transport documents basic Consignment cert
Emergency instructions n/a As in 5.4.3
Photo ID cards for crew n/a Applies
Drivers training certificate in cab n/a Applies (but see Ch8.5 S12)
Placarding of vehicle n/a applies
FXs – dry powder minimum requirement (ignoring derogation)
2 kg 4 kg
Wheel chock, 2 warning signs, eye-wash n/a Applies
For crew – hi-vis vest, torch, gloves, goggles
n/a Applies
YOURLOGOHERE
Need to Know – ADR (8.3 & 8.4)
ADR Requirement Excepted Type ACarriage of passengers prohibited n/a Applies
(except for White-I)
Training in use of FXs n/a applies
Prohibition on opening packages applies applies
Portable lighting apparatus prohibited
n/a Applies only if there are subsidiary
risks
Prohibition on smoking applies applies
Engine shutdown during loading etc
n/a applies
Compulsory use of parking brake n/a applies
Supervision of vehicles n/a if locked applies
YOURLOGOHERE
QUALITY ASSURANCE ADR 1.7.3
QA Programme to a standard acceptable to competent authority (DfT)
Certification that design specification has been fully implemented– See European Package Design Safety Reports
Guide Issue 1 (June 2008)
Packaging designed for repeat use is inspected, repaired and maintained in good condition
YOURLOGOHERE
QUALITY ASSURANCE
IAEA SAFETY SERIES No.113 (1994)
– Quality Assurance for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material
IAEA SAFETY GUIDE TS-G-1.4 (2008)
– The Management System for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material.
» Management system includes: quality control of products, quality assurance and quality management.
YOURLOGOHERE
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Policy Statement Nature and Scope of Activities Organisational Structure Document Control/Records Instrument and Test Control Procedure Control Staffing and Training Audits
YOURLOGOHERE
ENFORCEMENT by HSEAUDITS by DfT
DfT or their agents will –– Monitor design, manufacture & testing of
packages
– Audit QA programmes of consignors & carriers
– Witness transport operations
– Starting to look at some small user operations
HSE now responsible for enforcement– Provide useful information in online
guidance to ADR and the Carriage Regulations – see
» http://www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/manual/index.htm
YOURLOGOHERE
RAM TRANSPORT in the future.
DFT trying to make things simpler
ADR and IAEA recommendations getting closer together
More collaboration within EU
Less frequent issuing of regulations
Trevor Moseley: [email protected]