You must know this!

Identify chromosomes as cellular structures that occur in pairs that

carry hereditary information in units called genes.

You must know this!Recognize that when sexual reproduction occurs, genetic material from both parents is

passed on and combined to form the genetic code for the new

organism.

You must know this!Recognize that when sexual

reproduction occurs, the offspring is not identical to either parent due to

the combining of the different genetic codes contained in each sex

cell.

You must know this!Compare and contrast the

reproductive mechanisms of classes of vertebrates (i.e., internal vs.

external fertilization).Human development video

You must know this!

Explain how flowering plants reproduce sexually.

There are several ways animals can produce offspring. The two main methods of reproduction are sexual and asexual.

Sexual reproduction requires two parents who donate genes to the young, resulting in

offspring with a mix of inherited genes.

In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, resulting in offspring that are

genetically identical to the parent -- clones.

You must know this!Recognize that when asexual reproduction

occurs, the same genetic information found in the parent cell is copied and passed on to each

new daughter cell

Recognize that when asexual reproduction occurs, the daughter cell is identical to the

parent cell

Mitosis vs. Meiosis video

WHY???Why would organisms prefer asexual

reproduction in stable conditions and sexual reproduction in more uncertain or less favorable

conditions?

Imagine that a particular organism lacks a certain gene necessary to break down a specific type of food, yet

others of the same species within the population are able to break down that food.

What happens if the uncertain or less favorable conditions lead to that being the primary food source?

Death…Death…The parent organism and all of their offspring The parent organism and all of their offspring

produced through asexual reproduction would produced through asexual reproduction would die! die!

The chances that a particular organism will inherit the gene necessary to break down a

specific type of food is much greater through sexual reproduction rather than through asexual

reproduction!

You must know this!

Identify examples of asexual reproduction (i.e., plants budding,

binary fission of single cell organisms).

Examples of asexual reproduction

Mitosis

The exact duplication of the nucleus of a cell so as to form two identical nuclei during cell

division. Clones!

Examples of asexual reproduction

Binary Fission

Binary fission is very similar to mitosis; however, there is no division of a nucleus within binary

fission.

Examples of asexual reproduction

Budding

The division of cytoplasm is unequal so one of the daughter cells is larger than the other. The

daughter cells can separate or remain attached. Yeast reproduces like this!

Examples of asexual reproduction

Sporulation

Occurs in molds, mosses, etc. Spores are produced in large numbers by mitosis.

Spores are surrounded by a tough coat to help them survive harsh environmental conditions.

Examples of asexual reproduction

Regeneration

Refers to the replacement or regrowth of lost or damaged body parts

Regenerationand Stem Cells in Deer videos

Examples of asexual reproduction

Vegetative Propagation

Occurs only in plants. New plants develop from the roots, stems, or leaves of the parent plant. Potato “eyes”, strawberries, and Poison Ivy are

good examples.

You must know this!Compare and contrast the processes of asexual and sexual reproduction,

including the type and number of cells involved (one body cell in asexual, two

cells in sexual), and the number of gene sets (body cells has two sets, sex

cells have one set) passed from parent(s) to offspring.