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Concepts of Health
Spiritual health
Psychological health
Environmental HealthSociological Health
Physical Health
Physical Health
Sociological Health
Environmental HealthPsychological health
Spiritual health
What is there in your
environment that effects your
health?
What is there in your
society that effects your
health?
How would you describe your physical health? What effects your physical
health?
How would you describe your mental health? What effects your
psychological health?
What is spiritual health? Does
everyone have it? What effects
it?
Environmental Health
Spiritual Health
Sociological HealthPsychological Health
Physical Health
The concepts of health are entwined and difficult to
separate.
Positive Concept of Health
Negative Concept of Health
Well Being
Not JUST the absence of disease
Feeling good in many ways
You are healthy when you have the absence of
disease
Therefore, if you don’t have a
disease, you are healthy
Holistic Concept of Health
Spiritual health
Psychological health
Environmental HealthSociological Health
Physical Health
The World Health Organisation (WHO)
• “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” (http://www.who.int/about/en/)
Do you think this is a positive or negative concept of health? Is it a holistic concept of health? Explain your answer.
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Concepts of Ill Health (Unit 7, P2)
How do you view ill health?
There are different ideas as to what ill health is.
The following are concepts of ill health which look at how individuals and society view ill health.
Illness, Disease & DisabilityIatrogenesisThe sick roleThe clinical iceberg
What Are Illness, Disease & Disability?
Are Illness, Disease & Disability Indicators of Ill
Health?• What do you consider to be ill health?
• Does someone with a prosthetic leg and who can do all the things that an able bodied person do, have a disability?
• Do all people with disabilities have ill health?
• Do all illnesses and diseases cause ill health?
What is Illness?• Illness is subjective.
• “I feel ill” can mean
different things to different people.
• Both these boys have the same symptoms, one feels ‘ill’ and one doesn’t.
What is Disease?• Disease is Objective.
• Symptoms have been diagnosed and have been given a specific name, eg Chickenpox or Cancer or Depression or Multiple Sclerosis etc
• Either you have a disease or you don’t. This child has measles
Iatrogenesis
• Caused by the doctor in the course of treating the patient.
• Illich criticised health care providers and drug companies for the 'medicalisation of life'
Talcott Parsons Sick Role
• Talcott Parsons says that being ‘sick’ is a socially conditioned role.
• He says we behave in a certain way once we know we are ‘sick’.
Talcott Parsons’ Theory:The Sick Role
• Parsons said that society applies ‘rules’ to people who are ill.
• The sick person AND the society have obligations:
• Sick Person: To seek appropriate medical help AND to want to get better.
• Society: To excuse the sick person from normal social roles (eg worker, mother etc) AND to not hold the patient responsible for their condition AND for the sick person to be taken care of
• These obligations must be fulfilled for the person to be allowed to be in the ‘sick role’.
The Clinical Iceberg
1/3 patientsvisit the doctor
2/3 patients do not visit the doctor
or health professionals
This theory says that because only 1/3 of patients present their symptoms to a health professional we are never really sure how many people have ill health.
It gives an indication that peoples’ concept of ill health are different.
Why do you think only 1/3 of people visit the doctor?
