You are distinguished Harvard scholar who has been given an opportunity to research tattoos in society (past and present) and the misconceptions associated with them. You will review historical documents, compare and contrast reasons for these misconceptions and help create solutions. As part of your research, you will create a historical time line of important tattoos through the ages and present to a panel of fellow historians. Definitions of Tattoos. Form of body modification. Form of body modification. Body Painting. Body Painting. A pattern, picture or legend marked on the skin. A pattern, picture or legend marked on the skin. Pricking, ingraining and branding. Pricking, ingraining and branding. How Are Tattoos Created Tattoos are created by injecting ink into the skin. Tattoos are created by injecting ink into the skin. Some tribal cultures created tattoos by cutting design on the skin and rubbing the wound with ink. Some tribal cultures created tattoos by cutting design on the skin and rubbing the wound with ink. Tattoo artist use an electrical powered tattoo machine that resembles and sound like a dental drill. Tattoo artist use an electrical powered tattoo machine that resembles and sound like a dental drill. Piercing the skin with a needle that is dipped in a container with ink about fifty times Piercing the skin with a needle that is dipped in a container with ink about fifty times Tattoos in the past and present In 1200 BC, the Polynesian, the Maoris tattooed their faces with markings called Moko to show rank and bravery. In 1200 BC, the Polynesian, the Maoris tattooed their faces with markings called Moko to show rank and bravery. In the same period, tattoos were signs of savagery, primitivism, rituals and individualism. In the same period, tattoos were signs of savagery, primitivism, rituals and individualism. Tattoos presently are seen as a sign of fashion. Tattoos presently are seen as a sign of fashion. To memorialize a loved one in the past/present. To memorialize a loved one in the past/present. To show rank/status. To show rank/status. Popular Misconceptions About Tattoos In Society Gang related Gang related Unprofessional Unprofessional Relates to criminal Relates to criminal People that have tattoos are not progressive. People that have tattoos are not progressive. Religion Religion Social class Social class Uniqueness Uniqueness Reason for Misconceptions In the past, tattoo shops were confined to criminals, bikers, sailors and degenerates. In the past, tattoo shops were confined to criminals, bikers, sailors and degenerates. Lack of knowledge about body art. Lack of knowledge about body art. Believe that tattoo will cause infection. Believe that tattoo will cause infection. Will change an individual for the worst. Will change an individual for the worst. Symbolizes satanic work Symbolizes satanic work Not educated about body art Not educated about body art Some Highlights of The History of Tattoos Over the past 150 yrs, Archaeologist have unearth several mummified remains marked with tattoos. Over the past 150 yrs, Archaeologist have unearth several mummified remains marked with tattoos. Tattoos were used as body art and language by both the Indians and the Voyagers. Tattoos were used as body art and language by both the Indians and the Voyagers. In 1891 Samuel O Relly invented the electrical tattooing machine. In 1891 Samuel O Relly invented the electrical tattooing machine. In % of Americans were estimated to have or have had tattoos. In % of Americans were estimated to have or have had tattoos. Timeline of important tattoos through the ages 2160 BC Tattoos was prevalent in ancient Egypt BC Tattoos was prevalent in ancient Egypt BC In Henna, tattoo art began to spread BC In Henna, tattoo art began to spread. 700 BC The Greek and Roman started to tattoo slaves. 700 BC The Greek and Roman started to tattoo slaves. 300 BC Tattooing acquire negative meaning. 300 BC Tattooing acquire negative meaning. 306 The Emperor Constantine bans tattoos. 306 The Emperor Constantine bans tattoos. 500 Pilgrims tattoo get religious sanction. 500 Pilgrims tattoo get religious sanction. Timeline of Important Tattoos Through The Ages Cont Captain James Cook sails to Tahiti and discovered Polynesian tattoo 1769 Captain James Cook sails to Tahiti and discovered Polynesian tattoo 1846 Martin Hilclebrandt sets up New Yorks first tattoo shop Martin Hilclebrandt sets up New Yorks first tattoo shop Charles Wagner was fined by the city of New York for not sterilizing his needle Charles Wagner was fined by the city of New York for not sterilizing his needle Don Ed Hardy opened a realistic tattoo shop in San Francisco Don Ed Hardy opened a realistic tattoo shop in San Francisco. Comparison of People Who Chose To Have Tattoos With Those Who Were Forced Because of Culture, Enslavement or Imprisonment King Pharaoh of Egypt chose to have tattoo to show his status. King Pharaoh of Egypt chose to have tattoo to show his status. Chris Brown chose to have tattooed to make a fashion statement. Chris Brown chose to have tattooed to make a fashion statement. Jews who were forced to go to Concentration camp. Jews who were forced to go to Concentration camp. In Japan, some people were forced to be tattooed as a form of punishment In Japan, some people were forced to be tattooed as a form of punishment Identification of Important People Who Wear Tattoos President Theodore Roosevelt has a tattoo image of his family crest across his chest. President Theodore Roosevelt has a tattoo image of his family crest across his chest. Otzi The Iceman has a tattoo of vertical lines on his body. Otzi The Iceman has a tattoo of vertical lines on his body. Lebron James has tattooed painted on both arms. Lebron James has tattooed painted on both arms. The Game who is a Hip hop Celebrity has a tattoo of L.A. on his face. The Game who is a Hip hop Celebrity has a tattoo of L.A. on his face. Review of Historical Data The history of tattoos began over 5000 yrs ago The history of tattoos began over 5000 yrs ago 3300 B.C.E Otzi the Iceman bears 59 tattoos B.C.E Otzi the Iceman bears 59 tattoos. The annual amount of U.S spending on tattooing is 1.65 billion a yr. The annual amount of U.S spending on tattooing is 1.65 billion a yr. Tattoo in North American and Europe began to take hold in the 1700s Tattoo in North American and Europe began to take hold in the 1700s Reasons People Get Tattoos. To commemorate the memory of a lost or loved one. To commemorate the memory of a lost or loved one. Self expression Self expression To show status To show status To show or prove loyalty to a person or gang. To show or prove loyalty to a person or gang. To advertise body art in all forms To advertise body art in all forms Historical Events Where People Were Tattooed By Force In Japan, people were forced to get tattooed if they committed a crime. In Japan, people were forced to get tattooed if they committed a crime. Slave owners tattooed slaves to mark them as property. Slave owners tattooed slaves to mark them as property. Holocaust victims were tattooed to mark them for work or to be executed. Holocaust victims were tattooed to mark them for work or to be executed. Young girls were forced to get tattooed to symbolize to show they were prostitutes Young girls were forced to get tattooed to symbolize to show they were prostitutes How Can We Help To Remove The Stigma About Tattooing In Society Educate society about body art. Educate society about body art. Conduct more research about body art. Conduct more research about body art. Conduct town hall meetings. Conduct town hall meetings. Introduce body art in schools curriculum. Introduce body art in schools curriculum. Do billboard advertisement to inform people about body art. Do billboard advertisement to inform people about body art. Write articles in magazines, newspapers and hand out flyers to inform the public. Write articles in magazines, newspapers and hand out flyers to inform the public. Benefits of Educating Society about Tattoos. People will have less negative views about the art. People will have less negative views about the art. More jobs will be available for people with tattoos. More jobs will be available for people with tattoos. The level of self esteem will increase among those who have tattoos. The level of self esteem will increase among those who have tattoos. People can use their artistic ability to become their own entrepreneurs. People can use their artistic ability to become their own entrepreneurs. Employers are now more comfortable with employees with tattoos. Employers are now more comfortable with employees with tattoos. Tattoos function as a way to tell life stories, a form of self expression and a way to claim ones identity. Tattoos function as a way to tell life stories, a form of self expression and a way to claim ones identity.. Conclusion In conclusion, we strongly believe that educating society about the important history of tattoos both in the past and present and clarifying the misconceptions about the art, this will surely help to provide a more positive view about body art.