You are already familiar with the most common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. For example you can see solid ice and liquid water. You cannot see water vapor, but you can feel it in the air on a humid summer day. How do you think the atoms and molecules are arranged in these different states? Examine the drawings shown below. Then answer the items that follow.

Bellringer/Section 2 Notes

1. Think about the properties of ice. It is somewhat hard and cannot be compressed easily. Which drawing do you think represents a solid? Why?

2. Think about the properties of gases. They are not hard, and they can be compressed. Which drawing represents a gas? Why?

3. In which state(s) of matter are the particles touching?4. In which drawing do you think the particles have the least effect on one another?

Why?

I. Physical Properties

A. Physical properties can be observed using your senses OR measured.

1. Examples:

a. shape

b. color

c. odor

d. hardness

e. Ability to conduct electricity and/or heat

B. Physical properties of pure substances are typically constant.

1. Pure water at room temperature is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 1000C and a freezing point of 00C.

C. Density – the amount of matter in a certain volume of a substance.

1. Given two objects of equal volume, the more dense object will be heavier.

2. Density is a calculated unit.

a. Density (D) = grams per cubic centimeters, g/cm3

b. Mass (m)= grams, g

c. Volume (V) = cubic centimeters, cm3

V

mD 3. Formula for density:

II. Chemical Properties

A. Chemical Property – Describe how a substance canchange into a new substance either by:

1. Breaking apart

2. Combining

B. Examples of chemical properties:

1. Reactivity – Will it combine with something to form another substance?

2. Flammability– Will it burn in the presence of oxygen?

Example Physical Property OR Chemical Property

Bending a paperclipA nail rustingAlka-Seltzer tablet added to a glass of waterAn internal combustion engine producing powerA shiny diamondProduction of sugar from carbon dioxide & waterBoiling water

Physical PropertyChemical Property

Classify each example as either a physical property OR chemical property

Chemical Property

Chemical Property

Physical Property

Chemical Property

Physical Property

Assignment:

Workbook Pg. 7.