Yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq ... 9 Potier.pdf · 27-28/11/2006 ISOPB Phuket POTIER et al. p 8 Yield potential of oil palm clones: results observed in the ALT

27-28/11/2006 ISOPB Phuket POTIER et al. p 1

Yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) clones: preliminary results observed in the Aek Loba Timur genetic block in Indonesia

POTIER F., NOUY B., FLORI A., JACQUEMARD J.C., EDYANA SURYANA H. and DURAND-

GASSELIN T.

Yield potential of oil palm clones: results observed in the ALT genetic block in Indonesia


The experimental site:

Aek Loba Timur genetic block in Aek Loba estate (SOCFINDO) in North Sumatra(deep loamy sand, low water deficit and

good sunlight)




AL-GP 05: 23 clones + 2 crossesplanted in 11/1995AL-GP 19: 11 clones + 1 crossplanted in 06/1998AL-GP 22: 13 clones + 4 crosses planted in 11/1998

42 different clones

The trials:



The 3 trials are planted in statistical designs.

The trials:

All the clones were selected from17 Deli x La Mé crosses from thesecond reciprocal recurrent selectioncycle planted at Aek Kwasan (SOCFINDO, North Sumatra).



Traits measured:

• FFB production together with BN and ABW

• bunch composition analysis on a sample of bearing palms, multiplying the end result by 0.855 to approach the industrial extraction rate

• oil yield based on 135 palms for an effective density of 143 palms per ha

• exclusion of any palms with mantled fruit



Cross and ortet selection method:

2 stages

1) Selection of crosses, based on oil production in t/ha/year (6-9 or 7-10 years)

good estimation at Aek Kwasan thanks to lattice designs and reference to the control LM2TxDA10D



Difference compared to the control(crosses as a % of control)

F/B% M/F% O/M% OER6.3 7.2 3.1 17.5

BNi FFBi ABWi Oili6.9 0.1 -6.6 17.6

BNm FFBm ABWi Oilm-0.3 -2.0 -0.6 14.1

Selection of crosses



Cross and ortet selection method:

2 stages

1) Selection of crosses, based on oil production in t/ha/year (6-9 or 7-10 years)

2) Selection of within-cross ortets, trying to limit the role of the environment in individual data calculations by using numerous bunch analyses, smoothing and meticulous field visits taking into account the effects of competition between palms



Difference compared to the crosses(ortets as a % of crosses)

F/B% M/F% O/M% OER5.6 -0.6 1.0 5.9

BNi FFBi ABWi Oili1.7 6.3 2.8 11.0

BNm FFBm ABWi Oilm5.7 7.9 1.4 13.2

Selection of within-cross ortets



Difference compared to the control(ortets as a % of control)

F/B% M/F% O/M% OER12.2 6.5 4.2 24.4

BNi FFBi ABWi Oili9.5 6.4 -2.5 29.7

BNm FFBm ABWi Oilm5.4 5.7 0.6 29.6

Selection of within-cross ortets



Ortet/clone comparison methods:

• ortet/clones correlations and regression for observations over the 3-7 year period

• comparison of the values of ortets and clones to the same frame of reference - i.e. LM2T x DA10D - for the 3-7 year period



Sets of observations:

• bunch analyses (F/B %, M/F %, O/M %, OER %)

• bunch production on immature palms (BNi, ABWi, FFBi)

• bunch production on mature palms (BNm, ABWm, FFBm)

42 ortet/clone pairs




trait ortet/clone correlation

h2

F/B %

M/F %

O/M %

OER %

0.47** 0.79**

0.72**

0.48**

0.51

0.79

0.57

0.43

It is possible to carry out effective selectionbased on the extraction rate components

Ortet/clone correlations and regression (1)

Bunch analyses




Ortet/clone correlations and regression (2)

FFB production (immature period)trait ortet/clone

correlationh2

BNi

FFBi

ABWi

Oili

0.48**

0.48**

0.59**

0.31*

0.36

0.40

0.59

0.24


Correlations are all significant in the immature period and are accompanied by heritability values ranging from 0.24 (oil production) to 0.59 (average bunch weight).



Ortet/clone comparison methods:Ortet/clone correlations and regression (3)

FFB production (mature period)trait ortet/clone

correlationh2

BNm

FFBm

ABWm

Oilm

NS

0.32*

0.42**

NS

0.08

0.24

0.36

0.15

Correlations disappear for bunch number and oil production but remain significant for FFB and mainly for ABW



Comparative clone/ortet values

Difference compared to the control(clones as a % of control)

F/B% M/F% O/M% OER8.0 6.2 1.9 16.8

BNi FFBi ABWi Oili-7.0 -5.9 0.4 10.5

BNm FFBm ABWm Oilm-5.5 -4.4 0.2 7.3




Comparative clone/ortet values

Difference compared to the crosses(clones as a % of crosses)

F/B% M/F% O/M% OER1.5 -0.9 -1.2 -0.5

BNi FFBi ABWi Oili-13.3 -8.3 5.1 -7.8

BNm FFBm ABWm Oilm-6.0 -4.5 0.9 -8.6




General comments(1):

Heritabilities

• good level for bunch quality

• for bunch and oil yields: values of the 6 – 7 period lower than those of the 3 – 5 period

• ABW more heritable than bunch number




Genetic progress

• mean progress expected for yield < 6% with 20<i<40CV=20 %h2=0.15

-might be not detected with conventional designs-could have been masked by environmental effects

• best clones on the same level as best crosses(high-yielding clones can reach 9 t oil/ha)




Somaclonal variation

• are the clone performances related to possible abnormalities induced by in vitro culture?

• epigenetic abnormality?

• differences in methylation polymorphisms of nuclear DNA?

• need for further investigation




Consequences for breeding

• it is possible to get high-yielding clones

• phenotypic selection within crosses is rather inefficient

• selection must be based on the choice of exceptional crosses

• need for evaluation phase in trials



Conclusion:

• it is possible to get high-yielding clonesbut value of the progress achieved is negligible

• necessary to plant methodological trialscomparing clones and crosses


Conclusion:

Documents

Yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq ... 9 Potier.pdf · 27-28/11/2006 ISOPB Phuket POTIER et al. p 8 Yield potential of oil palm clones: results observed in the ALT