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Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp.

Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

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Page 1: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow

Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI OperationsPLM Lake & Land Management Corp.

Page 2: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Yesterday…..

Page 3: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Goals of Aquatic Plant Management

• Control Exotic Species – Promote a Balanced and Diverse Native Plant Community

– Improve Fisheries– Maintain Property and Recreational Values

Page 4: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

• “Typically” do not cause recreational problems

• Fundamental component of aquatic ecosystems

• Perform important functions– Stabilizing sediments– Support aquatic insects– Maintaining Oxygen– Provide forage and refuge areas 

for fish

Native Plants

• When control is needed, harvesting or use of contact herbicides are best management options.

Page 5: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Diverse, Native Plant Community

The goal of Aquatic Plant Control:  A healthy & diverse plant community.

Page 6: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

This is NOT the goal!

Page 7: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Curlyleaf pondweed

• Emerges early each spring, flowers and sets seed in the late spring and early summer,

• Usually collapses by the first week in July.  There are, however, exceptions to this pattern regarding juvenile plants, part of this re‐growth community can occasionally be found in the late summer or early autumn.  These small plants are capable of over‐wintering below ice cover

• Severe nuisance during the early part of the peak recreational use season.  

• Early control of this species is recommended so that the plant is not allowed to produce large quantities of biomass that die naturally and decompose in early July when water temperatures and the potential for oxygen stress are high.

• Early treatment/management is also encouraged to take place prior to seed production therefore, reducing the next generation of early pondweed growth.

Page 8: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Eurasian Watermilfoil

Page 9: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Eurasian Watermilfoil (EWM)

• Not native to North America• Highly invasive, forms a canopy & monoculture• Spreads from root system, seed, and fragmentation 

(cutting, raking increases spread)• Over winters (lives under the ice). • Outcompetes other native plants• Negatively impacts fisheries

Page 10: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

CANOPY

EWM

Page 11: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic
Page 12: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Cabomba….

Page 13: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Today…

Page 14: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Starry stonewort

• Macro algae• Native in Europe• First found in St. Clair River/ Detroit Area

• Can grow in 20’ of water• Preferred by Zebra Mussels• Forms a dense mat• Rated as one of the more detrimental species to infest our waterways 

Page 15: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Zebra Mussels “Zequanox ”

Page 16: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Hybrid Milfoil 2009 (20/49 lakes 40%)2010 (9/18 lakes 50%)2011 (5/10 lakes 50%)2012   (4 lakes  100%)2013 (5/12 lakes 42%)

Page 17: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Yesterday + Today = Tomorrow……

Page 18: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Hybrid(s) MilfoilMore than one type? Hmm? Big Deal?

Page 19: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Hybrid(s) Milfoil Resistance/ToleranceNatural /influenced

Page 20: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Hybrid(s) MilfoilYes‐Tolerance 

Resistance‐Maybe‐not yet?

Page 21: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Hybrid MilfoilThis cannot be tomorrow! 

Page 22: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Summary…

• Last three years 60% lakes have hybrids!– What if we only had 2,4‐D….– What if we do not have new active’s in the future

• Science is critical: advanced genetic analysis required.– Michigan Technological University 

• “Innovative and Multifaceted Control of Invasive Eurasian and Hybrid Watermilfoils Using Integrative Pest Management Principles”

– Grand Valley State University‐ Thank You!– Collaboration:  1. Science  2. Industry 3. Regulators

• NPDES…  In the long run science is the answer!

Page 23: Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow...Yesterday vs. Today vs. Tomorrow Jason Broekstra, Biologist – VP MI Operations PLM Lake & Land Management Corp. Yesterday….. Goals of Aquatic

Thank you!