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Ingredients in yeast breads and their function
• Flour – used for structure• When mixed with liquid flour develops
GLUTEN – bread flour has high protein contenthelps support structure
YEAST
• Leavens the bread, single celled structure, when fed yeast gives of carbon dioxide gas and ethyl alcohol to raise bread
LIQUID
• Rehydrates yeast granules, helps form structure with flour
• Milk can be used which would add nutrients
Step 2
• Add sugar and shortening (butter or margarine)
• If ingredients are too cold RISING ACTION WILL BE SLOWER
Step 3 – Add flour
• How can you tell you have added enough flour?
• WHEN DOUGH CLEANS THE SIDES OF THE BOWL OR IF WHEN KNEADED FORMS A TRIANGLE THAT STAYS WHEN PUSHED
Step 4 – knead the dough
• During mixing of the dough GLUTEN develops• Too much flour and DOUGH WILL BE STIFF and
DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH
Continued kneading• What happens if you knead too rough or apply
too much pressure DOUGH WILL BE STICKY AND HARD TO HANDLE
• TOO MUCH PRESSURECAN TEAR THE GLUTEN STRUCTURE
Step 5 – Let the dough rise the first time
• This gives yeast time to fermentYEAST ACTS ON SUGARS TO FORM CARBON DIOXIDE AND ALCOHOL, THIS CAUSES BREAD TO RISE
Dough rises at warm room temp 80-85 degrees
For class you will roll dough in 1 T. oil place in plastic bag leaving air space and allow to rise in refrigerator overnight
Step 5 continued
• How can you tell dough has doubled in volume after rising? INDENTATION REMAINS IN DOUGH WHEN YOU PUSH IT
Step 6 – Cut through dough and shape
DO NOT PUNCH DOWN OR OVER MANIPULATE DOUGHTHIS CAUSES DOUGH TO BECOME EXCITED AND SNAP BACK WHEN SHAPING
Force rising dough is placing dough, oiled and covered in a very warm environment,
over oven or covered near oven vent
Step 8 - Bake
• What happens to gas cells during baking• They expand and walls around cells become rigid dough will expand most during first stage of baking
What does a high quality loaf of bread look like
• Large volume, smooth rounded top
If dough is underworked or overworked it will have low volume
What happens if bread dough is allowed to rise too long before baking?
• Over expanded top, top of loaf may be shrunken, texture will be coarse with crumbs
What happens if bread does not rise enough?
• There will be large cracks on top, texture will be compact