(YEARS) Green - CIDETintranet.cidet.org.co/sites/default/files/documentos/green... · Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]

transformingwith ideas.

(YEARS)

Center for Research & Technology Development of the Power Industry

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transformingwith ideas.Green

Technologies (at CIDET)

R&D and Opportunities to Innovate

[email protected]

UIRI-WAITRO Networking ConferenceKampala (Uganda), March 26th, 2015


(YEARS)

Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]

About the lecturer...Ruben D. Cruz obtained the BSc. degree in Electrical Engineering and the MSc. degree in Electrical Power from the Industrial University of Santander – UIS (Bucaramanga, Colombia), and the Ph. D. degree in Electrical Engineering at the Bolivarian Pontifical University – UPB (Medellín, Colombia) sponsored by Electrical Interconnection – ISA. During a semester of his doctoral studies he was a Visiting Fellow at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Texas at Austin (USA).

In addition to his participation in the Development and Network Optimization Team of the major transmission company of Colombia (ISA), his career includes the Colombian Petroleum Company (Ecopetrol) and eight year as full professor at the Industrial University of Santander (UIS) where he also was the director of the School of Electrical Engineering (E3T) during six years. Since 2012 he is with the Center for Research and Technological Development of the Power Industry (CIDET) as Chief Innovation Officer (CINO).

During his 19 years of professional, research and teaching experience he has focused his interests on planning, management, operation, monitoring and regulation of energy markets, the implementation of best practices management models and developing models for technological scouting and innovation management for the power industry. He has authored and co–authored several technical papers in all those areas.

2015-03-262


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Presentation Objective

2015-03-26Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected] 3

Share some thoughts from the CIDET's experience about how to develop valuable assets for communities and business propelled by green technologies


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1. Why "Green"?

2015-03-26Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]

Presentation Outline

4

2. Current Work

3. Final Thoughts


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1. Why "Green Technologies"?Do not convert a fact into a truism,or even worst, into a platitude!



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Anthropogenic Climate Change

•  Change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods

Article 1, paragraph 2, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(http://unfccc.int/files/documentation/text/html/list_search.php?what=&val=&valan=a&anf=0&id=10)



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Sources of the Greenhouse Gases

• Emissions by sector

1

23 4

5


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That is a Fact!Climate Change and CO2 Emissions



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Conventional Energy

1, 2 3 4


Conventional and Alternative Energy (1/4)

1. Fossil Fuel Thermal Plant

2. Gas Turbines

3. Thermo-nuclear

4. Hydroelectric


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Alternative Energy

5

6

7,8,9

10

11

12, 13



5. Biofuels/Biomass/Solid Waste6. Geothermal7. Solar Tower8. Solar Photovoltaic9. Thermo-solar

10. Small/Micro Hydro Plans (Run-of-the-River)

11. Wind12. Tidal/Waves13. Osmotic/Ocean Thermal14. Fuel Cell


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Conventional Energy

Renewable Energy

Alternative Energy

1, 2 3 4 5

6

7,8,9

10

11

12, 13




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Conventional Energy

Renewable Energy

Alternative Energy

1, 2 3 4 5

6

7,8,9

10

11

12, 13

Green Energy




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Why "Green Technologies"? (1/11)•  Energy security, affordability

and sustainability have a big impact in the quality of life


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Why "Green Technologies"? (2/11)•  Energy security, affordability

and sustainability has a big impact in the quality of life

•  Green technologies are playing a fundamental role on balancing this “Energy Trilemma"


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Why "Green Technologies"? (3/11)

Colombia Vanguard

Energy Security9,68

Energy Equity3,43

Environmental Sustainability9,76

Vanguard Countries

Austria

Denmark

France

Germany

Netherlands

New Zealand

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom


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Colombia Vanguard

Energy Security9,68

Energy Equity3,43


the ability to meet current and future

demand


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Colombia Vanguard

Energy Security9,68

Energy Equity3,43


Achievement of an efficient energy supply/use while mitigating environmental impact and greenhouse emissions


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Colombia Vanguard

Energy Security9,68

Energy Equity3,43


accessibility and affordability of energy supply across the population


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•  Fossil fuels are affordable (sort of secure) but not sustainable



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•  Green energy is sustainable (sort of secure) but not yet massively affordable



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•  The use of green energy is increasing each year due to the need for clean and renewable sources of energy and the increasing maturity (lower investment/operating costs) of these kinds of technologies



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•  The R&D done by the RTOs (and industry), all around the world, will make green energy massively affordable



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•  The R&D done by the RTOs (and industry), all around the world, will make green energy massively affordable

That's a truism!



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Technology Maturity

Total Cost per Watt

Year2015 2025 2035 2045

Maturity

Slower Growth

Rapid Growth

Infancy Green energy will be affordable for a growing number of applications or niches (e.g., very congested networks, off-grid areas, areas with land use constraints, etc.) until being generally used


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What are doing wrong some of us ? (1/2)

•  Focusing all the efforts in trying to develop cheaper o better technology forgetting that technology is a medium, not an end


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What are doing wrong some of us ? (2/2)

•  Focusing all the efforts in trying to develop cheaper o better technology forgetting that technology is a medium, not an end

•  Our goal is not just transforming the way energy is produced but also (and frequently at the very same time) the way it is used, to ensure access and affordability to secure and reliable energy while mitigate environmental impact and greenhouse emissions


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Evidences of our (the RTOs) mistake...

We are platitudinizing a fact!

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Successful patents?

Patents Market

< 3%

Feasible spin-outs? < 5%

Patents without economic value? > 80%


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Col

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Sys

tem

The Colombian Power Transmission System is composed by five subsystems:

•  Northwest (Cartagena, Barranquilla, Santa Marta)

•  Northeast (Bucaramanga, Cúcuta)

•  West (Medellín, Manizales, Pereira, Armenia)

•  Central (Bogotá, Tunja)

•  South (Cali, Pasto)

This system covers the 40% of the country's area and the 96% of the electricity demand



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Non$Interconnected+Zones+of+Colombia+

Chocó-Atrato

Pacífic Coast - Chocó

Pacífic Coast – Nariño/Cauca

Meta-Casanare, Meta-Casanare-Arauca-Vichada Rivers

Cut off Towns

Guaviare, Meta-Guaviare-Vichada-

Guainía Rivers

Caquetá & Caguán Rivers

Putumayo & Amazonas Rivers

Amazonas

Vaupés

Guainía

Vichada


The off-grid zones cover the 60% of the country's area and the 4% of the electricity demand


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An opportunity for green energy in Colombia:

Electrification of communities in remote areas where it is almost impossible to build transmission lines and the most affordable option is small fuel-oil generation plants



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Evidences of our (Colombia) mistake•  Electrification of communities in remote areas where green

technologies must defeat fuel oil transported using mules or boats (easy as pie!)

•  The problem is not even availability of money to invest, even the government is willing to pay for this kind of technologies

•  But, regards most of the experiences have been a success from a technology point of view , they have not been maintainable in time nor scalable until now

•  We realize that development and demonstration (RD&D) projects to provide electricity access to communities in remote areas should be developed to design and adjust entirely new business models and not just to test/adapt/appropriate technology

That's why we are converting a fact into platitude!


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Solar Energy, Amazonas (Colombia)

Wind Energy, Lago Calima (Colombia)

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That's is why we are very bad trying to commercialize the results of our R&D work

• Sometimes, we tend to not see the entire picture:

- Innovation is achieved from the R&D results, or...

- R&D must be done where an innovation is required!

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INNOVATION


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34 2015-03-26Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]

Financing & Income Flow

Local Natural Resourses and Environment

Operation & Maintenance

Processes

Productive Uses of Electricity

Aspects of a Sustainable Business Model to provide

Electricity Access to Communities in Remote Areas

Technology & Knowledge

Talent

(People)

Communities

Suppliers & Contractors

Cost Structure

Customers

Traditional Emphasis

Proposed Emphasis

What matters is not just provide access to electricity but improving quality of life!

What must we do? – 1/2 •  While research into how transform the way the energy

is produced, also consider the way that energy is used

New Business Models


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35 2015-03-26Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]

What must we do? – 2/2 •  While research into how transform the way the energy

is produced, also consider the way that energy is used

– Our developments have not been maintainable in time nor scalable because they have no been aligned with the communities’ goals, dreams, skills and productive capabilities

– The communities do not need electricity to just turn on a light bulb in the local school/hospital, charge the cell phone batteries or watch TV, they want electricity to improve current or new potential productive applications that are able to increase their income and quality of life (not just a new expense or subsidized service):

refrigeration or drying of agricultural products, livestock milking machines, water potability, cooking, laundry, lighting, climate

control, communications, etc.


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Entire Innovation Picture**

Kee

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Center of Gravity: Plataform

1. Development ofproducts and services(R&D: NEW PROMISING TECHNOLOGY)

Center of Gravity: Business Model Center of Gravity: Customer Experience

2. Reinventing, recombining or finding fresh connections across capabilities and offerings to create new and greater value for customers

(INNOVATION)

Configure capabilities and assets differently to deliver value Reinvent or recombine capabilities to deliver value Engage customers differently to deliver value

Profit Model

Network Structure Process Product Performan-ce

Product System

Service Channel Brand Customer Engage-ment

C O N F I G U R A T I O N

How you make money

How you join with others to create value

How you align your talent and assets

How you develop and create your offerings

How you differentiate your product or service offerings

How you create complementa-ry products and services

How you ensure and enhance the value of your offerings

How you connect your offerings with customers and users

How you represent your offerings and business

How you foster distinctive experiences

O F F E R I N G E X P E R I E N C E


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Cumulative Value Creation**

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0%

100%

200%

300%

400%

500%

600%

700%

800%

900%

1000%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Volumen of innovation efforts (last 10 years) Cumulative value creation (last 10 years) Value/Effort rate

Less than 2% of the projects produce more than 90% of the value...

Configure capabilities and assets differently to deliver value Reinvent or recombine capabilities to deliver value Engage customers differently to deliver value

Profit Model

Network Structure Process Product Performan-ce

Product System

Service Channel Brand Customer Engage-ment

C O N F I G U R A T I O N

How you make money

How you join with others to create value

How you align your talent and assets

How you develop and create your offerings

How you differentiate your product or service offerings

How you create complementa-ry products and services

How you ensure and enhance the value of your offerings

How you connect your offerings with customers and users

How you represent your offerings and business

How you foster distinctive experiences

O F F E R I N G E X P E R I E N C E


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2. Green Technologies Research at CIDETWhat is CIDET doing nowadays?



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Challenges of Photovoltaic Systems (PV)

•  The commercial and domestic adoption of photovoltaic as an energy source depends on its costs to consumers in $/kWh

•  Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE): fraction of the total solar irradiance which a solar cell converts into electricity

Green Technology Challenges


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Feasible Solution: Hybrid Systems

• A hybrid energy system consists of two or more alternative energy sources (e.g., solar and wind)

• Hybrid energy systems are growing in popularity due to its reliability compared with stand alone solar or wind power systems

• This system is ideal for cut off/remote area applications

• Hybrid power systems are an economic reality that can be used to limit or reduce the dependence on diesel fuel and may provide power to remote communities at a lower cost over the life cycle than other traditional alternatives


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Solar-Wind Resources Complementarity


Locations of solar and wind plants can be selected to meet conditions of efficiency and stability


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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

• DSSC are third generation solar cells, consisting of a semi-liquid and hybrid “organic-inorganic” structure

• They contain a liquid electrolyte and sensitizing dyes

• Also known as electrochemical cells



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Efficiency vs. Dyes


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Advantages of DSSC

• Potential fabrication costs reduction: Supplies and materials are easier to get

• Environmental and human health impact reduction:Some potentially dangerous materials are employed during commercial solar cells fabrication (arsenic, cadmium, dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, etc.)

DSSC only employ:

-  TiO2 : inhalation protection required

-  ITO (Indium tin oxide): not carcinogen



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Research results at CIDET•  Functional first prototype of DSSC

•  We developed also all the methodology and infrastructure to build an test cells

Features

Power 12.2�W

Efficiency at 700W/m2 0,002%

Isc 100�A

Voc 400mV

Dimensiones 5x2 cm


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The Future...

•  Reach an efficiency of at least 1% and a manufacturing cost of about USD$ 2 per cell

•  Integrate the cell to glass windows to let the light come in but letting the heat out and using the energy obtained to power the signage of the facility

•  Develop a alliance with a company interested in that application for green buildings (e.g. Tecnoglass – Barranquilla, Colombia)


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3. Final ThoughtsGreen Energy: “Not just technologybut affordability and maintainability "



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Conclusions (1/2)

•  Green technologies for energy production will play a fundamental role in the near future, balancing the energy trilemma

•  Climate change and unstable prices for conventional energy resources lead to a growing market for non conventional and cleaner technologies

•  Nanotechnology is one of the most prolific research fields in order to improve the solar cells efficiency

•  Hybrid systems will drive the implementation of more reliable and stable renewable energy systems



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•  Projects to provide electricity access to communities in remote areas should be developed to design and adjust new business models and not just to test/adapt/appropriate technology

•  What really matters is not the very access to electricity, but current or potential productive applications that can be improved or potentiated using electricity (refrigeration or drying of agricultural products, milking, water potability, cooking, laundry, lighting, climate control, communications, etc.)

•  Start changing lives of poor communities in rural areas through the discovering and consideration of the community’s goals/capabilities and their integration to the project development process, from conception to completion (including operation and maintenance of the facilities)

Conclusions (2/2)


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CIDET's overview of an ideal partnership...

• We look for a partner, proactive in sharing knowledge and taking a strong role in obtaining industry/international funds, for initiatives trying to transform the way energy is produced and used, to ensure access and affordability to secure and reliable energy, and mitigate environmental impact and greenhouse emissions.

• We look for a partner able to lead conjointly with CIDET the way in bringing forward innovations in this topic in Colombia, including creating opportunities and facilitating cross-industry actions.

• We look for a partner with strong background developing technological solutions in clean energy, energy efficiency, smart grids (distributed resources, micro-grids, electrical mobility, etc.) and customer engagement.


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End of Presentation

Twitter: @CIDET

www.cidet.org.co


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End of Presentation

Twitter: @CIDET

www.cidet.org.co

RESTRICTED INFORMATION – This document belongs exclusively to the Center for Research and Technological Development of the Power Industry (CIDET). It can not be used without written consent of CIDET. The opinions contained herein are exclusively responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official point of view of CIDET, its authorities nor its associates.

Documents

(YEARS) Green - CIDETintranet.cidet.org.co/sites/default/files/documentos/green... · Green Technologies: Key Tech. & Commercialization Opportunities | [email protected]