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Year 9 Biology
The Pregnancy and Birth
Year 9 Biology
Introduction
• Two individuals joining together for reproduction is called copulation or sexual intercourse.
• Ejaculation is when sperm is squeezed out of an erect penis.
• For reproduction to take place sperm needs to make contact with an egg.
Year 9 Biology
Intercourse
• Sperm is deposited into the vagina
• Sperm swims up into the uterus
• It then swims into the fallopian tubes/oviduct where it meets with an egg
Year 9 Biology
fertilisation• The fertilised egg
then moves back into the uterus and implants in the uterine walls (womb)
• An embryo (ball of cells) then forms
• This develops into a foetus around 12 weeks
Year 9 Biology
19/04/23
Amniotic sac – protects the baby
Inside the wombInside the womb
Placenta – allows the mother’s blood to come close to the baby’s to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes
Umbilical cord – connects the baby to the mother
Year 9 Biology
Giving birth
19/04/23
1) The amniotic sac bursts (“water breaking”)
2) Muscles in the uterus wall start contracting to push the baby out
3) The muscles in the cervix relax and widen
Year 9 Biology
Main Stage of Labor
• From 10 cm dilated to birth of baby
• Pushing• Contraction pattern
Year 9 Biology
Year 9 BiologyThe Passage-Pelvic Bones
Year 9 Biology
Year 9 Biology
Breech
Year 9 Biology
Presentation
Year 9 Biology
Lie
Year 9 BiologyPain Management in Active Labor
• Walking/Movement• Hydrotherapy• Back Rubs• Birth Ball, toilet• Maternal Preference• Analgesia/ Anesthesia• Others?
Year 9 Biology
hydrotherapy
Year 9 Biology
Birth
Year 9 Biology
Year 9 BiologyQuestions & Comments?