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Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory1
Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading - Task 1 (1g Tests)Task 1 (1g Tests)
S. Thevanayagam, UB
Research Progress MeetingMarch 30, 2006, 2-4 pm; UB-VTC
PI: R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. ZeghalUB-NEES Lab: A. Reinhorn, M. Pitman, J. Hanley, T. AlbrechcinskiTulane: UsamaStudents: Ecemis, Peng Hao; RPI Students
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory2
Year-1 Plans Year-1 Plans (2005-06)(2005-06)
Planning & Preparations Sand Construction, Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests (9/05-5/06)
Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests Level Ground (LG-1) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (June 1-30, 06)
Sloping Ground (SG-1) - Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 1-20, 06)
Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – 2mo before tests for Class A prediction
Single Pile Tests High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, 0.2-0.3g (July 15-Aug.15, 06)
Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase, 0.2-0.3g (Sept.1-30, 06)
Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory3
AgendaAgenda UB-Schedule (Theva)
Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness
Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR)
Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane (NE, MG, Usama, 5min each) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP)
Test Preparations (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory4
Agenda- Prelim DiscussionAgenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva)
Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo)
Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo)
Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal)
Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo)
3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory5
UB-NEES Schedule - 2006UB-NEES Schedule - 2006 NEES - Soil-Pile
Strong Floor; Strong Wall, Work Space, Shared-Instrumentation (4/06-10/06) Sand Pumps; Fast Actuators (4/06-10/06)
NEES - WOOD Twin Shake Tables, Work Space; Shared Instrumentation (4/06-12/06)
NEES - Nonstructural Component (NSC) Strong Floor (between Laminar Box & Shake Tables) (3/6-12/06) Shared Instrumentation, Workspace
NEES – OtherShared Resources
Everyone’s cooperation needed
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory6
Year-1 Pile - Schedule Year-1 Pile - Schedule (2006)(2006)Task Name
Laminar Box (NEES)
Sand Pumping Trials
Box Setup
Base-Modification - Assembly
Move LB to strong floor
Remove Rings and place them
Remove Base Ring & top plate and & place
Flip Base Bridge
Weld WS-1 along BT mount region
Drill holes on I-beams for flange support mounting
Mount FSP's on bottom of I-beams
Mount the BT's to the FSP
Base Support System
Joint the SFSP to the strong floor
Joint the HP to SFSP
Grout below SFSP
Level SFSP
Place the steel base bridge on SFSP
Level the bearings below steel base bridge
Place the top plate on steel base bridge
Reaction Beam
Drill holes on reaction beam
Drill holes for actuator on AMP's
Drill holes on Gusset Plate #1
Weld the WS-2 to the reaction beam
Weld gusset plate #2 to AMP's and Gusset Plate #1
Weld AMP on reaction beam
tie the reaction beam on top plate
Actuator Mount Test
4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory7
Task Name
Box Assembly
Leveling the Bearings
Attaching Fenders
Edge Protector
Stack Rings
Inclining the Box (Future)-Design
Incline Box Support
Incline Box
Tie the Ring 1
Sand
Sand Delivery and Storing
Access Pad
Rent the truck
Storing
Sand-Pump Trials
Membrane Construction
Cut the membrane
Membrane glueing
Patch the corners with leftover membrane pieces
Mount the plate to the LB base over membrane
Put lap sealant to prevent leakage
PVC sheet floor cover
Drain Hose
Observe the leakage
Fill the LB with water up to 6 m
Actuators & Controller
Ground Motion Development
Controller Implementation
Controller Simulation Tests
NIST-Traceable Actuator Calibration
Actuators' connection to hydraulic system
Actuators/Controller initial tests
3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4March April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory8
Task Name
Initial Test LG-1
Instruments Placement
On Rings
Put 3 story frame near the LB
place the instrumentations on rings
Accelerometers(16-UB)
Potentiometers(21-UB)
Inside the soil
tie small cable to the top and bottom
locate sensors on cables
place the instrumentations inside the soil
Piezometers(24-RPI)
TP sensors to the base over the membrane(3-RPI)
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
MEMS(2)
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
Tie a beam on LB
Prepare pully
arrange a place for person to push the cone
determine palces to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and puully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
Pump the sand to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4 6/11 6/18 6/25March April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory9
Task Name
Initial Test SG-1
Inclining the Box (Future)-Design
Incline Box Support
Incline Box
Tie the Ring #1
Instruments Placement
On Rings
Put 3 story frame near the LB
place the instrumentations on rings
Accelerometers(16-UB)
Potentiometers(21-UB)
Inside the soil
tie small cable to the top and bottom
locate sensors on cables
place the instrumentations inside the soil
Piezometers(24-RPI)
TP sensors to the base over the membrane(3-RPI)
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
MEMS
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
determine places to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and pully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
pump the sand to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
6/11 6/18 6/25 7/2 7/9 7/16June July
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory10
Task Name
Single Pile Tests
Test 1A:High EI Pile Test
Purchase a High EI Pile
Purchase a Low EI Pile
Instruments Placement
On Piles
Group certain number of instruments on pile (20.4ft)
take the instrument cables inside pile
seal the holes on pile
On Rings
put 3 story frame near the LB
Place the instruments on rings
Inside the soil
Instrument piezometers
Instrument TP sensors to the base over the membrane
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
Tie a beam on LB
Prepare pully
arrange a place for person to push the cone
determine palces to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and pully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
pump the sand back to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
7/2 7/9 7/16 7/23 7/30 8/6 8/13 8/20 8/27July August
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory11
Task Name
Test 1B:Low EI Pile Test
Instruments Placement
On Piles
Group certain number of instruments on pile (20.4ft)
take the instrument cables inside pile
seal the holes on pile
On Rings
put 3 story frame near the LB
Place the instruments on rings
Instrument TP sensors to the base over the membrane
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
Inside the soil
Instrument piezometers
Instrument TP sensors to the base over the membrane
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
Tie a beam on LB
Prepare pully
arrange a place for person to push the cone
determine palces to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and pully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
pump the sand back to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
8/27 9/3 9/10 9/17 9/24 10/1 10/8August September October
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory12
Agenda – Action ItemsAgenda – Action Items UB-Schedule (Theva)
Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness
Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR)
Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane (NE, MG, Usama, 5min each) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP)
Test Preparations (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory
Liquefaction Simulation
Student: Marcelo GonzalezSupervisor: Prof. Tarek AbdounCo- supervisor: Prof. Ricardo Dobry
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory14
Using the FEM Cyclic1D software, 1-g, 1-D response of 6m column of soil was analyzed for the following input motions:
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Time [sec]
A
ccel
erat
ion
Mot
ion
[g]
Motion #6
0.3g/20s
Motion #5
0.05/5s, 0.15g/5s,
0.3g/10s
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory15
Soil properties and dimensions of the model:
Water table
6 m
Inclination angles:
Level ground and 2 degrees 0 10 20 30 40 50 60-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
0 50 100 150 200-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Relative Density 45%
Dept
h, m
Eff.Vert.StresskPa
Gmax
= 1,000 K2 max
p' 0.5
K2 max
= 9.4 kPa
Shear Wave Velocitym / sec
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory16
Results: Pore water pressure history
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
EXCESS PORE WATER PRESSURE RATIOAT BOTTOM OF THE LAMINAR BOX
0.3g, 2 and 10 Hz, Level ground and 2 Slope
Diff.Ampl.- 2 Hz - 2 Slope
Diff.Ampl.- 2 Hz - Level Ground
Exc
ess
Po
re w
ate
r p
ress
ure
ra
tio
Time [sec]
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory17
Results: Horizontal soil displacements
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT AT SURFACERELATIVE TO THE BASE
0.3g - 2Hz - LG
Diff.Ampl - 2Hz - LG
0.3g - 10Hz - LG
Diff.Ampl - 2Hz - 2 Slope0.3g - 10Hz - 2 Slope
0.3g - 2Hz - 2 Slope
Ho
rizo
nta
l Dis
pla
cem
en
t [m
]
Time [sec]
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory18
Input MotionDr(%)
Inclination Angle
Saturated Unit weight Shear Wave velocity Horizontal displacement
Amplitude (g)Frequency
(Hz) (degree) (kN/m3) at 6 m depth relative to the base (m)
0.3 2 45 0 19 195 0.50
0.3 2 45 2 19 195 3.00
0.3 10 45 0 19 195 0.10
0.3 10 45 2 19 195 3.00
0.05, 0.15, 0.3 2 45 0 19 195 0.40
0.05, 0.15, 0.3 2 45 2 19 195 2.00
Summary
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory19
Draft Ground Draft Ground Motion #1:Motion #1:
uumax max = 0.74’’= 0.74’’f = 2 Hzf = 2 Hzffn n = 5 – 7 Hz= 5 – 7 Hzaamax max = 0.3 g= 0.3 g
(0.05/10; 0.1/10, 0.3/10)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory20
SoilSoil
UB Tests – OS#55 Ottawa Sand
•Dr=40%, Vs (at 10m depth) = 205 m/sec
•Dr=50%, Vs (at 10m depth) = 210 m/sec
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory21
Ground Motion Ground Motion #2:#2:
umax = 0.74’’f = 2 Hzfn = 5 – 7 Hzamax = 0.3 g
(0.05g/5; 0.1g/5, 0.3g/5)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory22
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m)
Motion #2
UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand
Dr=40%
e= 0.720
k= 1E-5 m/sec
=3o
=2o
=1.5o
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/5s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory23
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m)
=3o
=2o
=1.5o
UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand
Dr=50%
e= 0.70
k= 1E-5 m/sec
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s, 0.3g/5s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory24
Ground Ground Motion #3:Motion #3:
umax = 0.74’’f = 2 Hzfn = 5 – 7 Hzamax = 0.3 g (0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.3g/10s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory25
Horizontal Displacement Time History
Motion #3
UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand
Dr=40%
e= 0.720
Dry Unit Weight=15.1kN/m3
k= 1E-5 m/sec
=3o
=2o
=1.5o
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m)
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.3g/10s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory26
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m)
=30
=20
=1.50
Motion #3
UB Tests-OS#55 Ottawa Sand
Dr=50%
e= 0.70
Dry Unit Weight=15.3kN/m3
k= 1E-5 m/sec
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.3g/10s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory27
Ground Motion #4:
umax = 0.59’’f = 2 Hzfn = 5 – 7 Hzamax = 0.25 g
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.25g/5s,0.05g/5s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory28
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:
=20
=1.50
Motion#4
Dr=40%
e= 0.72
k= 1E-5 m/sec
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.25g/5s,0.05g/5s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory29
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m)
=20
=1.50
Motion# 4
Dr=50%
e= 0.70
k= 1E-5 m/sec
(0.05g/5s; 0.1g/5s,0.25g/5s,0.05g/5s)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory30
5s,5s,5s,5s
Dr=40%
e= 0.72
k= 1E-5 m/sec
=20
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:
u at 3m
u at 6m
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory31
5s,5s,5s,5s
Dr=40%
e= 0.72
k= 1E-5 m/sec
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Horizontal Displacement Time History
(Relative to the base, m) Ground Motion #4:
=1.50 u at 3m
u at 6m
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory32
1-g FEM Sloping Ground 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (UB):Simulation Results (UB):
Dr(%)Shear Wave
Velocity at 10 m depth (m/s)
Saturated Unit Weight (kN/m3)
Inclination angle
Horizontal Displacement
relative to the base (m)
40 205 19.2 3 3.0040 205 19.2 2 2.0040 205 19.2 1.5 1.5050 210 19.3 3 2.8050 210 19.3 2 1.8050 210 19.3 1.5 1.20
40 205 19.2 3 4.3040 205 19.2 2 2.8040 205 19.2 1.5 2.2050 210 19.3 3 4.1050 210 19.3 2 2.6050 210 19.3 1.5 2.00
40 205 19.2 2 2.8040 205 19.2 1.5 2.1050 210 19.3 2 2.7050 210 19.3 1.5 2.00
Ground Motion 2 (5sec, 5sec, 5sec)(f=2Hz)
Ground Motion 4 (5s, 5s, 5s, 5s)(f=2Hz)
Ground Motion 3 (5sec, 5sec, 10sec)(f=2Hz)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory33
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (RPI):Results (RPI):
5sec,5sec, 10sec
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory34
1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation 1-g FEM Sloping Ground Simulation Results (Usama):Results (Usama):
Solid Unit Weight=26kN/m^3
Soil Density = ?
Motion #1
0.05/10s, 0.1g/10s, 0.3g/10s
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory35
SummarySummaryDr(%)
Shear Wave Velocity at 10 m
depth (m/s)
Saturated Unit Weight (kN/m3)
Inclination angle
Horizontal Displacement
relative to the base (m)
40 205 19.2 3 3.040 205 19.2 2 2.040 205 19.2 1.5 1.550 210 19.3 3 2.850 210 19.3 2 1.850 210 19.3 1.5 1.2
40 205 19.2 3 4.340 205 19.2 2 2.840 205 19.2 1.5 2.2
45 (RPI) 195(at 6m depth) 19.2 2 2.050 210 19.3 3 4.150 210 19.3 2 2.650 210 19.3 1.5 2.0
40 205 19.2 2 2.8040 205 19.2 1.5 2.1050 210 19.3 2 2.7050 210 19.3 1.5 2.00
10sec, 10sec, 10sec (IT) 2 4
Ground Motion 4 (5s, 5s, 5s, 5s)(f=2Hz)
Ground Motion 2 (5sec, 5sec, 5sec)(f=2Hz)
Ground Motion 3 (RPI=#5) (5sec, 5sec,
10sec)(f=2Hz)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory36
Ground Motion/Slope DiscussionGround Motion/Slope Discussion• Chosen Ground motion (0.05/5s, 0.1g/5s, 0.25 or 0.3g/5s) is adequate to induce gradual rise in pore press. & Liquefaction.
• Simulation results show that once Liquefaction is reached, sliding continues; Sliding increases with increase in slope. Typically exceeds 1m in 10-12 s and increases with time.
• In real world, sliding will cease due to densification and dilation.
• Ring Correction: Box Inclination = Field Inclination / 2.2 (approx)
• Ring Friction Correction is not significant
Uncertainties
• Look into 1-D simulations & possible Dr achievable more carefully before choosing inclination.
• Perform LG-1 with GM#2 or GM#4; Await for Level Ground Test Results before finalizing Slope Angle.
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory37
Ground Motion/Slope - Concensus?Ground Motion/Slope - Concensus?• Soil Density = 40-50% (?)
• Ground Surface Inclination= 1.5 to 2o
• Box Inclination
= Field Inclination / 2.2 (approx)
• Maximum displacement= 1 m in 10 - 12 s
• Uncertainties – Simulation, Density
• Tentative Gr. Motion
Ottawa Sand
Dr=40 – 50%
k=1E-5m/sec
= 19.2kN/m3
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory
Non-Destructive Testing – Ground Non-Destructive Testing – Ground MotionMotion
Preliminary Discussion / Feasibility
What Kind of Ground Motion is Desired? What measurements desired? What are you going to do with measurements? (Mourad / Elgamal)
UB – Respond with Feasibility (MP/AMR)
Follow up with Next Meeting (ST)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory39
Agenda – Status BriefingAgenda – Status Briefing UB-Schedule (Theva)
Overall Schedule Equipment Fabrication/Assembly - Readiness
Test Schedule & Instrumentation Schedule (& Procurement) (ST) Coord. with RPI (Instrumentation), UB & IT (ST, TA, AMR)
Ground Motion & Ground Slope (Theva) Liquefaction Simulations: UB; RPI; Tulane (NE, MG, Usama, 5min each) Conclusions – Gr Motion & Slope (Elgamal, Ricardo) Non-Destructive Testing – Preliminary (Elgamal, Mourad, MP)
Test Preparations Status (Nurhan) Laminar Box, Floor, Actuator Control – Status & Readiness (ST, AMR, MP) Sand Construction, CPT; Instrument Procurement & Placement (ST, TA, AMR)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory40
Year-1 Schedule Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006)(2005-2006)Task Name
Laminar Box (NEES)
Sand Pumping Trials
Box Setup
Base-Modification - Assembly
Move LB to strong floor
Remove Rings and place them
Remove Base Ring & top plate and & place
Flip Base Bridge
Weld WS-1 along BT mount region
Drill holes on I-beams for flange support mounting
Mount FSP's on bottom of I-beams
Mount the BT's to the FSP
Base Support System
Joint the SFSP to the strong floor
Joint the HP to SFSP
Grout below SFSP
Level SFSP
Place the steel base bridge on SFSP
Level the bearings below steel base bridge
Place the top plate on steel base bridge
Reaction Beam
Drill holes on reaction beam
Drill holes for actuator on AMP's
Drill holes on Gusset Plate #1
Weld the WS-2 to the reaction beam
Weld gusset plate #2 to AMP's and Gusset Plate #1
Weld AMP on reaction beam
tie the reaction beam on top plate
Actuator Mount Test
4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory41
Task Name
Box Assembly
Leveling the Bearings
Attaching Fenders
Edge Protector
Stack Rings
Inclining the Box (Future)-Design
Incline Box Support
Incline Box
Tie the Ring 1
Sand
Sand Delivery and Storing
Access Pad
Rent the truck
Storing
Sand-Pump Trials
Membrane Construction
Cut the membrane
Membrane glueing
Patch the corners with leftover membrane pieces
Mount the plate to the LB base over membrane
Put lap sealant to prevent leakage
PVC sheet floor cover
Drain Hose
Observe the leakage
Fill the LB with water up to 6 m
Actuators & Controller
Ground Motion Development
Controller Implementation
Controller Simulation Tests
NIST-Traceable Actuator Calibration
Actuators' connection to hydraulic system
Actuators/Controller initial tests
3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4March April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory42
Laminar Box – Strong Floor Foot PrintLaminar Box – Strong Floor Foot PrintStrong Floor – ReservedApril 1 – Oct.31, 06
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory
LAMINAR BOX - DYNAMIC ACTUATORLAMINAR BOX - DYNAMIC ACTUATOR
ReservedApril 1 – Oct.31, 06
Controller – To be tested by Mark Pitman – 3/15-4/30/06
3 x 200 kips Dynamic Actuator
Bridge Deck
Actuator Base Plate
Loading Frame
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory44
Loading FrameLoading Frame
Design Completed; Fabrication ongoing; Delivery April 17, 06
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory45
Laminar Box – Strong Floor ModificationLaminar Box – Strong Floor Modification
PLAN VIEW
Machined Base Steel Plate – UB NEES Funded
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory46
Sand Construction - Hydraulic Sand Construction - Hydraulic FillingFilling
Initial Slurry Pump Tests completed – Oct 05;Sand pumping/Density Control Tests – April 06 (weather)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory47
CPT/Density TestingCPT/Density Testing
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory48
Cone Density TestingCone Density Testing
Plastic Container = 4 ltr
Metal Cone a = 6 ½ in
b = 6 ½ in
c = 1/2 in
Base Plate 12 x 12 in
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory49
Agenda- Prelim DiscussionAgenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva)
Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo)
Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo)
Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal)
Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo)
3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory50
Task Name
Initial Test LG-1
Instruments Placement
On Rings
Put 3 story frame near the LB
place the instrumentations on rings
Accelerometers(16-UB)
Potentiometers(21-UB)
Inside the soil
tie small cable to the top and bottom
locate sensors on cables
place the instrumentations inside the soil
Piezometers(24-RPI)
TP sensors to the base over the membrane(3-RPI)
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
MEMS(2)
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
Tie a beam on LB
Prepare pully
arrange a place for person to push the cone
determine palces to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and puully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
Pump the sand to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
3/26 4/2 4/9 4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/28 6/4 6/11 6/18 6/25March April May June
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory51
Task Name
Initial Test SG-1
Inclining the Box (Future)-Design
Incline Box Support
Incline Box
Tie the Ring #1
Instruments Placement
On Rings
Put 3 story frame near the LB
place the instrumentations on rings
Accelerometers(16-UB)
Potentiometers(21-UB)
Inside the soil
tie small cable to the top and bottom
locate sensors on cables
place the instrumentations inside the soil
Piezometers(24-RPI)
TP sensors to the base over the membrane(3-RPI)
seal the TPs after putting over the membrane
MEMS
Slurry Pumping
CPT / Density Testing
determine places to take a measurement
penetrate the cone into the soil by actuator and pully setup
Strong Floor Shaking
Data Reporting / Archiving
pump the sand to the storage areas
Remove Instruments
On Rings
Accelerometers
Potentiometers
Inside the soil
Piezometers
TP sensors
MEMS
6/11 6/18 6/25 7/2 7/9 7/16June July
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory52
Instrumentation: Tests LG-1 & SG-1 Instrumentation: Tests LG-1 & SG-1
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory53
Instrumentation Placement – LG-1 & Instrumentation Placement – LG-1 & SG-1 Plan ViewSG-1 Plan View
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory54
Soil Instrumentation Plan Soil Instrumentation Plan – LG-1 & SG-1– LG-1 & SG-1
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory55
Equipment & Instruments – PlanEquipment & Instruments – Plan
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory56
Soils report, Cyclic Triaxial Data & Soils report, Cyclic Triaxial Data & Monotonic Triaxial Data submitted to Monotonic Triaxial Data submitted to modelers in 03/06modelers in 03/06
What Additional Information Needed?What Additional Information Needed?
Soils ReportSoils Report
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory57
Agenda- Prelim DiscussionAgenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva)
Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo)
Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo)
Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal)
Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo)
3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory58
Pile Preparation & PlansPile Preparation & Plans
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory59
PILE
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory60
Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B (Single Pile)Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1B (Single Pile)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory61
Instrumentation Placement –Test 1A & 1B Instrumentation Placement –Test 1A & 1B Plan ViewPlan View
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory62
Instrumentation – Test 1A & 1BInstrumentation – Test 1A & 1B
Bentomat is planned to use
Instrument cables
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory63
Instrumentation: Single Pile Instrumentation: Single Pile (Test 1A & 1B)(Test 1A & 1B)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory64
5.0 m
2.75
m
6.2 m
SECTIONAL VIEW
PLAN
Shaking Frame on Strong Floor
Pile
=2 or 3 deg.
F#55Sand, Dr~45%
3.35
m
5.6 m
2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates)
Ball Bearings
Pile Cap
Group Pile - Test 3 (Yr-2)Group Pile - Test 3 (Yr-2)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory65
Agenda- Prelim DiscussionAgenda- Prelim Discussion Saturated Free-Field Liquefaction Tests (Theva)
Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) Level Ground (LG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision on Ground motion (Ricardo)
Sloping Ground (SG-1) – Uncertainty & Decision & Corrections/ Box Slope; Gr. Motion (Ricardo)
Pre-test Data for FEM/DEM modelers – Additional Data Needed? (Mourad, Usama, Elgamal)
Single Pile Tests (Theva) Instrumentation – Plan & Adequacy (TA, ST) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Decision on EI – Value? (Ricardo)
3-D Visualization & IT Preparations (Hassan, 10 minute Presentation)
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory66
Publicity – Tele ObservationPublicity – Tele Observation
Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory67
Open for Discussion by All Open for Discussion by All ResearchersResearchers