YDS DENEME 2018 MART ( Saner Bircan )

YDS DENEME 2018 MART ( Saner Bircan )

1

1-There are so many potential causes of head

and ear pain that it is almost impossible to -----

- the reason without a medical examination.

A) resist B) mask

C) accumulate D) skip

E) determine

2-Because many people, ------ in the West, feel

very strongly about human rights, a number of

measures have been undertaken to protect

them.

A) adversely B) especially

C) merely D) scarcely

E) barely

3- International travel, although given high

priority by segments of the populations of

industrialized nations, is still a /an ------

activity.

A) minority B) superiority

C) mobility D) scarcity

E) availability

4- Water contamination is the term used to ----

- hazardous materials of any kind that are

polluting a source of water.

A) detest B) affirm

C) confirm D) describe

E) fulfill

5- Friends play an important part in our lives,

and although we may take the fact of

friendship for granted, we often don't clearly --

---- how we make friends.

A) hand on B) stand up to

C) make out D) keep up

E) bring about

6- At the end of World War II, Algerian

nationalists ------ the Allies to recognize

Algeria’s independence in return for their good

service during the war.

A) threw away B) broke up

C) took up D) called on

E) gave in

7- At the peak of their prosperity, between

about 6500 and 5500 B.C., the residents of

Çatal Hüyük ------ a wide range of agricultural

food stuffs, ------ peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal

crops.

A) will produce / to include

B) would produce / to be included

C) had produced / included

D) have produced / having included

E) produced / including

8- Just like our remotest ancestors, we ------

from talking about death, despite the great

distance we ------ in understanding some of the

profound aspects of biology so far.

A) refrained / had come

B) had refrained / would come

C) refrain / have come

D) will refrain / came

E) have refrained / will come


2

9- Ever since man the hunter and gatherer ------

his nomadic way of life and began to tend

stock and grow crops, he ------ with genetic

manipulation.

A) has given up / involved

B) gave up / has been involved

C) had given up / will be involved

D) gives up / was involved

E) will give up / had been involved

10- Farmers use chemical insecticides ------

protect their crops, but these chemicals, which

remain in the soil and water ------ long periods

of time, also endanger many other living

things.

A) to / for B) from / in

C) on / into D) for / over

E) with / from

11- The Nobel Foundation was established at

the beginning of the century to put ------ effect

the wishes expressed by Alfred Nobel ------ his

will.

A) for / on B) into / in

C) with / for D) from / to

E) over / by

12- Sri Lanka ------ was originally called Ceylon

became an independent state by the Ceylon

Independence Act of 1947, ------ came into

force on 4 February 1948.

A) where / that B) who / when

C) that / which D) whose / whom

E) in which / in that

13- It was pointed out that the company,

which had been on verge of bankruptcy, got

over the crisis ------ substantial borrowings

from various banks.

A) except

B) although

C) whether

D) but

E) through

14- ------ the signing of the Maastricht Treaty,

Britain has constantly been in conflict with her

partners in the European Union over the

question of monetary union.

A) After B) Since

C) When D) During

E) Before

15- Oceans ------ absorb carbon dioxide and

other gases from the atmosphere ------ hold

and transport vast amounts of heat through a

network of currents.

A) neither / nor

B) such / that

C) hardly / when

D) as / as

E) not only / but also

16- ------William Carlos Williams occasionally

wrote prose in the form of short stories, novels

and essays, he is known primarily as a poet.

A) However B) Since

C) Although D) As if

E) So that


3

CLOZE TEST

Until the eighteenth century, the method of

smelting iron (17) ------ ironstone and making it

into wrought or cast iron or steel had hardly

altered for hundreds of years. Beginning with

Abraham Darby's use of coke (18) ------ charcoal

for smelting, many Inventions and

Improvements gradually followed. Changes in

the iron industry were not as rapid as those in

textiles but. by the end of the ; eighteenth

century, fiercer furnaces, the crucible process

for steel, the use of power for puddling and

rolling and other inventions had (19) ------

increased efficiency. Larger masses of metal

(20) ------ with less labour and in a shorter time.

The inventive genius of many men and (21) ------

patient effort over the years were devoted to

achieving these successes.

17) A) over B) from

C) with D) in

E) about

18) A) instead of B) due to

C) moreover D) thereby

E) so as

19) A) reversely B) temporarily

C) severely D) enormously

E) deliberately

20) A) could be handled

B) may handle

C) will be handled

D) may have been handled

E) should be handled

21) A) many B) little

C) some D) much

E) a few

(22) ------ the most radical changes in diet

(23) ------ over the past forty years, the shift

away from traditional eating patterns has

actually been developing over the past century,

largely as a result of the new technologies and

lifestyles. Worldwide explorations and new

trade routes have introduced foreign food items

(24) ------ regional diets. Together with

increasingly active importation, large-scale

shifts in population over the past century have

(25) ------ the loss of many local dietary

traditions. Furthermore, with an increased

affluence, foods (26) ------ were once luxury

items affordable, only to the rich have become

widely available for everyday consumption for

the average person.

22) A) Because B) Although

C) Unless D) As soon as

E) Furthermore

23) A) had occurred B) will occur

C) have occurred D) can occur

E) occurred

24) A) from B) without

C) to D) along

E) beyond

25) A) set out B) grew up

C) took into D) put off

E) brought about

26- A) that B) what

C) of which D) wherever

E) whose


4

27- Many people do not even inhale their

smoke and can be absorbing only minute

amounts of the drug, ------ .

A) because they have been forced to light up an

extra cigarette to calm their shattered nerves

B) although cigarette promotions have been

banned on television in several major areas

C) so the causes of their addiction to cigarettes

must be sought elsewhere

D) that there has been an increase in the

number of smokers

E) while the purpose of the anti-smoking

campaign is to make smokers aware of the

harmful effects of smoking

28- if we are willing to learn to communicate

well in a foreign language, ------ .

A) culture would give meaning and provide the

context for communication

B) we don't think much about our language and

culture

C) we must understand the culture that affects

the language

D) we carried our own cultural views along with

our passports and luggage

E) they gain a better understanding of not only

the new language, but of their own language as

well

29- Just as railway bridges were the great

structural symbols of the 19th century, ------ .

A ) highway bridges became the engineering

emblems of the 20th century

B) the invention of the automobile created an

irresistible demand for better roads

C) most highway bridges carry lighter loads than

railway bridges do

D) the type of bridge needed for cars and

trucks is fundamentally different from that

needed for trains

E) an arch bridge curves upwards to support the

roadway

30- While people believe that Europeans were

the first to travel to America and that it was

discovered by the Italian explorer Christopher

Columbus, ------ .

A) Irish explorers may also have visited America

in the ninth and tenth centuries

B) the first Western explorer whose success we

can be sure about was Christopher Columbus

C) Vespucci's own expeditions took place at a

later date

D) some historians claim that sailors from China

crossed the Pacific to Mexico in AD 460

E) Columbus is considered the most important

explorer of all times


5

31- Although relatively few people have

outright food allergies, —.

A) there are many who have difficulty in

digesting certain foods

B) peanuts are among the most allergenic foods

C) biotechnologists are altering some foods

genetically in an attempt to eliminate the

proteins

D) the majority took a firm stand against

genetically modified foods

E) the number of people who experience a

reaction to vegetables is very negligible

32-The prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide

appears to be slightly less than 1 per cent

_____.

A) if schizophrenia is a relatively serious mental

disorder

B) since it is regarded as a major public health

problem throughout the world

C) because schizophrenia and other delusional

disorders share certain features

D) although areas of higher or lower prevalence

have been identified

E) unless people with schizophrenia occupy one

fourth of all hospital beds

33- …… , where visitors can walk, hike, sail,

ride horse, ski and more.

A) Turkey is home to remarkable ruins such as

Aspendos, Termessos and the famous library at

Ephesus

B) The Mediterranean and Aegean coasts are

under threat due to the high number of tourists

C) From prehistory to the present, numerous

cultures have emerged and declined within

Turkey’s present-day borders

D) Turkey offers a range of exciting outdoor

activities, particularly in the Black Sea and

Eastern Anatolian regions

E) Turkey has many ancient palaces, museums,

impressive mosques and churches

34--…… . However, experiments have indicated

that dreams are not only a normal part of the

sleep process but also vital to psychological

health.

A) Dr. William Dement is conducting extensive

experiments on the significance of dreaming

B) For a long time, night dreaming was thought

to interfere with the necessary rest that sleep

provides

C) It was observed that in five subjects there

was considerable increase in appetite

D) Volunteers who were kept awake for very

long periods dreamed considerably more than

usual when finally permitted to sleep

E) experiments conducted in this area should be

monitored by professionals only


6

35- ------, animal husbandry increasingly

decreased, causing a serious shortage of

manure needed for arable land.

A) When starvation and malnutrition are

widespread.

B) As long as the crowded cities

and towns had the highest mortalities

C) As more grazing lands were converted to the

cultivation of cereals

D) Despite flagellation and superstition

E) If Art forms concentrated on morbid scenes

of decaying flesh, dances of death, and the

torments of Hell

36- A 10% increase in the cost of hospital

services would cause poorer households to cut

back their hospital care by 4.7%, …… .

A) in spite of the fact that many developing

nations subsidize medical care by about 5%

B) thus the difference between poor and

wealthy households is even larger

C) whereas the wealthy would have to do the

same by only 2.9%

D) because the higher price of medical care

would not affect the wealthy at all

E) but the same pattern occurs in the demand

for medical services in poorer households

ES ANLAM CUMLE

37- Far more devastating for the author than

the loss of his house to fire was the

destruction of the sole copy of his latest novel.

A) In his latest book, the author tells of the pain

he suffered when he lost his home in a

devastating fire.

B) Even the destruction of his home in the fire

was not as hard for the author to bear as the

burning of the manuscript of his new novel.

C) The only thing the author was able to rescue

from the flames which destroyed his home was

the sole copy of his latest book.

D) Even more difficult for the author than

writing a single book was seeing it destroyed

when his house burnt down.

E) The author was devastated to find his house

burnt down with everything in it, among which

was the only manuscript of his latest novel.

38- Despite the difference in the political ideas,

decisions were taken by consensus.

A) Although there were different political ideas,

most of the members accepted the idea.

B) In spite of the different political ideas, they

all used their votes.

C)They forced the politicians to take decisions

together.

D) Although there were different political ideas,

all of the members accepted the ideas.

E) Since there were different ideas, they

couldn’t find the solution.


7

39-Languages are much more than a means of

communication, as they also express and

shape the way we see the world and the way

we see ourselves.

A) We use languages to communicate, but it is

unclear whether they influence the way we see

the world around us.

B) Languages, though they both help us in

communication and in shaping our worldview,

do not have any effect on how we perceive

ourselves.

C) We express and shape our worldview thanks

to languages, but their primary function is to let

us communicate.

D) The fact that languages are a means of

communication does not stop us from using

them for other purposes such as shaping our

worldview.

E) Languages are not only a means of

communication for us, because they also

influence our worldview and our self-

perception.

40- She’s so anxious not to hurt anyone’s

feelings that she never calls them to account

for their actions.

A) Being so afraid of upsetting people prevents

her from ever questioning what they are doing.

B) If she were less sensitive about other

people’s feelings, she would be more critical of

what they are doing.

C) She’s too anxious to please people and this

means she can’t control them.

D) No one ever listens to her because they

know they can do what they like and she won’t

complain.

E) That’s how she treats people and nobody

gets upset about it any more.

ENGLISH – TURKISH TRANSLATION

41- During the 1960s, many retirees moved to

Arizona to enjoy the healthy climate promised

to those suffering from many forms of

breathing complications.

A) 1960’lar boyunca birçok emekli çok farklı

nefes komplikasyonlarından müzdarip olanlara

sağlanan sağlıklı iklimden faydalanmak amacıyla

Arizona’ya taşınmak istedi.

B) 1960’lara kadar birçok emekli, çok çeşitli

nefes komplikasyonlarından eziyet çekenlere

ümit veren sağlıklı iklimlerde yaşamak için

Arizona’ya göç etmiştir.

C) 1960’lar boyunca, birçok emekli çok çeşitli

nefes komplikasyonlarından eziyet çekenlere

ümit veren sağlıklı iklimden faydalanmak için

Arizona’ya taşınmıştır.

D) 1960’lar boyunca, bazı emekliler nefes

komplikasyonlarından kaynaklanan sağlık

problemlerinden kaçmak amacıyla Arizona’ya

taşınmak zorunda kalmıştır.

E) 1960lardan bu yana emekli olanlar çeşitli

nefes komplıkasyonlarından kaynaklanan sağlık

problemlerinden kaçınmak için Arizona’nın

sağlıklı iklimine taşınmıştır.


8

42- Should people start to spend less and save

more, there will be a notable decrease in the

profits of most businesses.

A) İnsanlar daha az para harcamalı ve daha fazla

biriktirmeli böylelikle çoğu işlerin kazancında

önemli azalma olacaktır.

B) İnsanlar daha az para harcayıp daha fazla

birktirdiğinde, işlerin bir kısmının kazancında

çok büyük azalma olacak.

C) İnsanlar ne kadar az para harcar ve ne kadar

fazla biriktirse, işlerin kazancında okadar

büyüklükte bir azalma olacak.

D) Eğer insanlar daha az para harcar ve daha

fazla biriktirirse, çoğu işlerin kazancında önemli

bir azalma olacak.

E) İşlerin çoğunun azalmasındakı en dikkate

değer kazanç insanların daha az para harcaması

ve daha fazla biriktirmesidir.

43-The most devastating human impact on

environment can be seen on islands to which

settlers have introduced new animals and

plants.

A) Çevre üzerindeki en yıkıcı insan etkisi

yerleşimcilerin yeni hayvan ve bitkileri

getirdikleri adalar üzerinde görülmüştür.

B) Adalar üzerinde görülen en yıkıcı insan etkisi

yerleşimcilerin getirdikleri hayvanlar ve bitkiler

olduğu sanılıyor.

C) İnsanların çevre üzerinde bıraktığı en derin

etkiler yerleşimcilerin adalara getirdikleri

hayvan ve bitkilerden dolayıdır.

D) Çevre üzerinde en yıkıcı insan etkilerinden

biri yerleşimcilerin yeni hayvan ve bitkileri

getirdikleri adalarda yaşanmıştır.

E) Çevre üzerinde yaşanan insan etkisi

yerleşimcilerin adalara getirdikleri hayvanlar ve

bitkilerle yıkıcı olmuştur.

TURKISH – ENGLISH TRANSLATION

44- Iklim değisikliği üzerine hazırlanan bir

rapora göre, önümüzdeki 25 yıl içinde, özellikle

Afrika, Akdeniz çevresi ve Orta Asya'da

milyonlarca insan ciddi su kıtlığından

etkilenecek.

A) The report on climate change clearly shows

that millions of people, mostly in Africa but also

around the Mediterranean and in Central Asia,

are going to be badly affected by water

shortages within the next 25 years.

B) According to this report on climate change,

millions of people, mostly in Africa and around

the Mediterranean and in Central Asia, are,

within the next 25 years, likely to be adversely

affected by water shortages.

C) According to a report on climate change,

within the next 25 years, millions of people

especially in Africa, around the Mediterranean,

and in Central Asia, will be affected by serious

water shortages.

D) Within the next 25 years, millions of people

will be affected by water shortages, especially

in Africa, around the Mediterranean and in

Central Asia; at least, that is what the report on

climate change suggests.

E) According to the report on climate change,

millions of people, especially those living in

Africa, around the Mediterranean and in Central

Asia, are going to suffer from severe water

shortages for at least 25 years.


9

45- Hayvanlar, insanların yaptığı gibi

birbirleriyle konuşamazlar; ancak bu, onların

diğer yollarla iletişim kuramadıkları anlamına

gelmez.

A) Animals cannot talk to one another like

humans do, but this does not mean they cannot

communicate in other ways.

B) Animals cannot communicate like human

beings, but it is known that they can

communicate in some other ways not known to

us.

C) Animals are known to communicate in other

ways although they cannot talk to one another

like human beings do.

D) Animals do not actually talk like human

beings do, but that does not prove that they do

not communicate at all.

E) Animals do not have a spoken language like

humans do, however, that does not mean they

do not communicate at all.

46-Çin, yaklaşık 160 milyon kişinin, kıyı

şehirlerinde iş aramak için kırsal kesimden

ayrılmasıyla 1978’den beri tarihteki en büyük

iç göçü yaşamıştır.

A) China has witnessed the biggest internal

migration since 1978, with over 160 million

people leaving rural areas to work in coastal

cities.

B) Since 1978, China has experienced the

biggest internal migration in history, with nearly

160 million people leaving rural areas to seek

work in coastal cities.

C) Since 1978, China experienced one of the

largest internal migrations in history, with

nearly 160 million citizens leaving rural areas to

look for work in big cities.

D) Since 1978, China has recorded the internal

migration of 160 million families leaving rural

places to seek jobs in coastal cities.

E) Since 1978, China has encountered the

biggest internal migration, with nearly 160

million people who left rural places and moved

to coastal cities.


10

PASSAGE TEST The ability to deal with numbers and mathematical

concepts reveals an interesting pattern of differences

between girls and boys. Girls usually begin counting

before boys. Throughout the primary-school years and

middle school, girls are better at computational

problems, whereas boys do better with mathreasoning

problems. During this period, girls also tend to get higher

grades. By high school, however, boys begin to perform

better, especially at the higher levels of ability. Some

psychologists believe this advantage is genetic, but

others think that it may derive, in part, from males’ use

of more effective strategies and their lower level of

anxiety when approaching mathematics problems. It has

also been suggested that the sex differences come about

to some degree because girls view math as a male

activity (and, therefore, have less interest in it) and

because some parents and teachers offer greater

encouragement to males in this area. Some studies

support this analysis, but others do not. In this area, too,

biological and socialization factors probably combine to

produce the observed differences.

47- The author thinks that differences between girls

and boys ----.

A) can be observed only through their approach to

mathematics

B) have concerned psychologists far more than their

performance at school

C) is a subject that has attracted a great deal of

attention in recent years from psychologists

D) remain constant throughout their school years

E) may be attributed to the joint effect of their

biological nature and social environment

48- It is suggested in the passage that boys ----.

A) are never influenced by their social environment

in their attitude towards mathematics

B) are always discouraged when they are faced with

a mathematical problem

C) are genetically far more motivated towards

mathematics than girls

D) are more successful than girls at primary level in

dealing with mathematical problems which require

reasoning

E) usually rely on their parents and teachers in

solving all kinds of mathematical problems

49- One learns from the passage that, according to

one view, the sex difference between boys and girls

----.

A) has been categorically ruled out by all

psychologists as an important factor in learning

mathematics

B) ought to be taken into consideration by parents

and teachers

C) is negligible at the high school level

D) cannot be a significant factor in their performance

at high school

E) does have some effect on their mathematical

performance

50- It is pointed out in the passage that girls ----.

A) never fail in their determination to excel over

boys in mathematics

B) begin to use numbers before boys do

C) are relatively more conscious than boys as regards

their sex differences

D) always use mathematical concepts as efficiently

as boys in solving problems

E) in the long run perform much better than boys in

all aspects of mathematics


11

Studies reveal that even subtle, artificial or

seemingly unimportant exclusion can lead to strong

emotional reactions. A strong reaction makes sense

when you are rejected or ignored by your family or

close friends, because they are important to you. It

is more remarkable that intense feelings of

rejection can emerge even when people close to us

are not involved. We can feel awful even after

people we have never met simply look the other

way. This reaction serves an important function. It

warns us that something is wrong, that there exists

a serious threat to our social and psychological

well-being. Psychologists argue that belonging, self-

esteem, a sense of control over your life and a

belief that existence is meaningful constitute four

fundamental psychological needs that we must

meet to function as social individuals. Exclusion

threatens all these needs. Even in a verbal or

physical dispute, individuals are still connected.

Total exclusion, however, cuts all bonds. Worse

than this, the imposed silence forces us to think

about the event in detail, generating self-critical

thoughts in our search for an explanation. This

forced isolation also makes us feel helpless: You

can fight back, but no one will respond. Finally,

exclusion makes our very existence feel less

meaningful because this type of rejection makes us

feel isolated and unimportant.

51-The author of the passage thinks the results of

studies on exclusion are surprising in that ----.

A)negative feelings of exclusion occur only after

rejection by close friends or family members

B)people who have been excluded are usually those

who consider relationships unimportant

C)even people who do not matter to us personally

can hurt us by ignoring us or keeping us out

D)most people experience no negative feelings after

being rejected by social groups

E)a person with a wide network of social connections

will experience less rejection

52-We can understand from the passage that

human beings ----.

A)are social beings who require membership in a

group to function properly

B)exclude individuals for valid reasons that must be

resolved by the individual

C)are essentially sensitive beings who exclude others

only by accident

D)are different from all other living organisms in the

extent of their need for social ties

E)rarely experience very strong feelings of rejection

53-According to the passage, having an argument

or physical fight is preferable to exclusion because -

---.

A) acting out disagreements is a primary

psychological need

B) built-up feelings of aggression will only cause

greater future violence

C) the individual is still part of the group and has ties

to others

D) human beings often find deep meaning in

disagreements and conflicts

E) sometimes using force is the only way to achieve

certain aims

54- The word ‘ exclusion ‘ refers to:

A) accord

B) exploit

C) amity

D) segregation

E) assertion


12

Today scientists draw attention to some of the

potential consequences of global warming on

wildlife. They point out that each species reacts to

changes in temperature differently. Some species

will undoubtedly become extinct, particularly those

with narrow temperature requirements, those

confined to small reserves or parks, and those living

in fragile ecosystems, whereas other species may

survive in greatly reduced numbers and ranges.

Ecosystems considered most vulnerable to species

loss in the short term are polar seas, coral reefs,

mountains, coastal wetlands, tundra, taiga, and

temperate forests. On the other hand, some

species may be able to migrate to new

environments or adapt themselves to the changing

conditions in their present habitats. Also, some

species may be unaffected by global warming,

whereas others may emerge from it as winners,

with greatly expanded numbers and ranges. Those

considered most likely to prosper include weeds,

pests, and disease-carrying organisms that are

already common in many different environments.

55-It is clear from the passage that global warming-

-.

A) has caused much decline in the number of many

rare species

B) is particularly harmful to coastal wetlands and

coral reefs

C) has increased dangerously and extensively

throughout the world

D) has already forced many species to migrate to

new environments

E) does not have the same impact on all species

56- The passage gives a brief account of ----.

A) the precautions that need to be taken to prevent

the extinction of certain species

B) the possible adverse effects that global warming

will, in the future, have on different species

C) how different ecosystems react to the increase of

the numbers of species

D) why certain species can always survive in many

different environments

E) the vital importance that wildlife has particularly

for fragile ecosystems

57-It is stressed in the passage that, due to global

warming, ----.

A) scientists have focused their efforts on the

conservation of rare species

B) many organisms have already changed their

habitats

C) species living in temperate forests will have to

migrate to a new environment

D) there has been a sharp increase in the variety and

number of pests

E) for some species, extinction is inevitable

58- Which could be the best title for the passage ?

A) Threats from animal species

B) Species of animals in different environments

C) The effects of global warming on living things

D) Conditions of migration in dangerous

environment

E) Adaptation of animals to changing habitats


13

Malaria remains probably the most serious

single threat to health throughout the tropics

and subtropics. A newcomer to an area in which

malaria is highly endemic may be misled by the

apparently robust health of most of the local

people. The adults, however, are simply the

relatively resistant survivors of a disease that

regularly kills a large percentage of infants. The

previously unexposed immigrant to virtually all of

Africa, most of Southeast Asia, and much of Latin

America is at grave risk of contracting

malaria, some forms of which have a mortality

rate of 10% in untreated cases. Military forces

and construction crews throughout history have

been inactivated by this disease. Experiences in

Vietnam and on construction projects in Africa

continue to demonstrate that antimalarial drugs do

not offer complete protection. Malaria is almost

always underestimated as to its very wide

geographic distribution, the high risk of

infection, and the severity of the disease in

nonimmune subjects.

59. An important point that is stressed in the

passage is that —— .

A) outsiders going to work in areas where

malaria is endemic should avoid contact with

the local people

B) malaria is only dangerous if it goes untreated

C) most forms of malaria are harmless

D) a great many people do not realise just how

dangerous malaria is

E) the incidence of malaria even in Africa is

rapidly decreasing

60. We understand from the passage that where

malaria is endemic —— .

A) the whole population is in poor health

B) it causes the death of very many young

children

C) people easily develop an immunity to the

disease

D) strenuous physical effort should be avoided

E) medical care is ineffective

61. It is clear from the passage that people who

have not been exposed to malaria or acquired in

immunity to it —— .

A) are only at risk if they are in poor health

B) have nothing to fear so long as they take

antimalarial drugs when in areas where it is

endemic

C) can very easily contract the disease

D) should take certain precautions until they

have acquired an immunity

E) are in the majority even in regions where

malaria is endemic

62- Which could be the best title for the passage ?

A) The severity of Malaria in terms of humans

B) Deep impact of Malaria in African countries

C) Misunderstanding about Malaria and other

diseases

D) Survivors of contagious diseases

E) Malaria and its complications


14

American schools need more time if they are to

teach efficiently. The school year is fixed at or

below 180 days in all but a handful of states – down

from more than 190 in the late nineteenth century,

when Saturday-morning sessions were common.

The instructional day is only about six hours, of

which much is taken up with nonacademic matters.

In 1994, a national commission calculated that in

four years of high school a typical American student

puts in less than half as much time on academic

subjects as do students in Japan, France and

Germany. Extending the school day or the school

year can get expensive and complicated, and

reducing nonacademic electives and physical

education brings complaints from parents and

students alike. But there is one quite cheap and

uncomplicated way to increase study time: add

more homework. You may not be surprised to learn

that homework raises student achievement, at

least in the higher grades. For young children

homework appears not to be particularly helpful.

Even among older students it is hard to be sure of

the extent to which more homework may lead to

higher achievement.

63. We understand from the passage that school

programmes in America ----.

A) are of little concern to the parents, and so they

tend to ignore them

B) are at present being reviewed by a national

commission

C) do not put much emphasis on academic learning

D) are run on similar lines to those in the rest of the

world

E) have been extensively revised since 1994

64. It is pointed out in the passage that in some

countries, like Japan, France and Germany, ----.

A) the school curricula allow roughly equal time for

academic and nonacademic subjects

B) the school year is far too long and this makes it

unproductive

C) students are given less homework than their

American counterparts

D) achievement correlates well with the length of

the school day

E) the amount of time students spend on academic

learning far exceeds that spent by American

students

65. According to the passage, any extension of the

instructional day in American schools ----.

A) is not to be recommended on account of the

expenses involved

B) would arouse much discontent among parents

and students

C) needs to be reviewed by a national commission

D) should aim to bring them up to the level of

Japanese schools

E) would have to have the approval of all the states

66. It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.

A) is urging schools to assign more homework to

students of all grades

B) is doubtful about the benefits of homework for

lower-grade students

C) believes that the school day should be extended

D) is opposed to reducing the school year from 190

to 180 days

E) is convinced of the need for more electives,

including physical education


15

DIALOGUE

67- Frank: I heard you are taking a Spanish

class at the community college.

Jerry: Yes, I'm going to Guatemala next spring

and I thought knowing a little Spanish would

make the trip easier.

Frank: ………

Jerry: I have a course catalogue. We can see

whether or not they're offering a French course

next semester.

A) I had done the same thing when I went to

live with my sister who is living in France.

B) It will take you more time to master it.

C) Could you tell me how you found the course?

D) I'm visiting my brother in Marseilles next

year. Maybe I should take a French class.

E) Are you satisfied with that course? D

68. Antonio: What do you think of the recent

developments in the economy?

Julia: ……..

Antonio: Don't you? The inflation has recently

reached its highest level in the nation's history.

Julia: But it is not surprising for such a bad

economy management as ours.

A) I don't think there is a problem. We are the

best when it is economy management.

B) Everything seems to be alright but I don't

think I am good at economic comments.

C) I think unless they take some precautions, it

will really be a hard year for most of us.

D) I am so busy with my work that I don't have

time to watch news at all and I have no idea

what's going on lately.

E) I am the last one to ask such a question as I

hate economics.

69. Alec : If they can predict when one

particular volcano will erupt, why can’t they

predict when any volcano will erupt?

James : Because no two volcanoes are

alike. Each needs to be studied so that its

warning signals can be recognised.

Alec : ----

James : Yes. But it will take time, of course. And

there are only two volcano-watching satellites

orbiting Earth and these aren’t enough.

A) Why is that? Surely one volcano is very like

another?

B) That sounds reasonable enough. Is this being

done?

C) Well, what are they doing about it?

D) Isn’t volcanic activity related to earthquakes?

E) But they’ve been carrying out research on

volcanoes for years! How is it we know so little

about them?


16

70. Teacher : As you know, many of the animals

that existed in the past have become extinct;

that is, they have disappeared from the face of

the earth, mostly as a result of human activities.

Student : Is it only human activities that have

caused the extinction of animals?

Teacher : ----

Student : I think dinosaurs could be an example

of such extinct species. I read in a science

magazine that they became extinct when a

huge meteor hit the earth, millions of years

before humans existed.

A) No. There are other causes that have

resulted in extinction. Can you think of any

examples?

B) What we do to our planet is more than

enough to cause extinction.

C) Mostly, yes. Just think of the dinosaurs,

which became extinct some 65 million years

ago.

D) Of course. Natural events have never caused

the extinction of any species other than the

dinosaurs.

E) Indeed, the human contribution to natural

disasters cannot be ignored, as in the case of

dinosaurs.

71. Reporter: Do you reward your employees

based on individual performance or group

work?

Businessman: I think placing people with

different skills and knowledge together

improves the overall quality of the work, so I

promote team work.

Reporter: ----

Businessman: Yes. Last month, one of my

employees won the lottery and gave some

money to his colleagues. Since then, they all

have been communicating effectively and

making important decisions.

A) In fact, people with certain characteristics

may fail to work in a group and feel

uncomfortable. Do you have any employees of

that sort?

B) I’ve interviewed many businessmen, and

you’re one of the most successful ones. I’m sure

your employees respect you a lot, am I wrong?

C) But many say one member’s behaviour or

experience in a team leads to changes in others’

performances. Do you agree?

D) Surveys show many employers don’t care

about their workers’ demands. Are there any

areas your employees complain about?

E) Suppose that one of your employees weren’t

able to complete his or her work on time. How

would you react to it?


17

PARAGRAPH COMPLETION

72. Wi-Fi is based on radio waves whose

frequency is similar to that of microwaves. And

given what microwave oven can do to chicken

nuggets, it is not surprising that there has been

concern that exposure to Wi-Fi could be

unhealthy. Fortunately, however, Wi-Fi waves

are emitted at far lower intensities than

microwaves in ovens. ---- Even so,

some people shall worry that even this far

weaker effect could cause damage after years

of exposure.

A) The microwave ovens heat food very quickly

using electromagnetic waves rather than the

heat.

B) We should also worry about rare hazardous

things like tripping over the cables we use at

home.

C) As a result, they cannot produce anything like

the same heating effect.

D) Researchers are trying to come up with

accurate findings on what health risks are linked

to Wi-Fi.

E) Many places like shopping malls and

restaurants have free Wi-Fi zone where people

use the Internet.

73-Recently scientists have been working on a

completely new idea: The idea of obtaining

fresh water from the air. Winds coming from

the sea carry a lot of water vapour. This

vapour condenses into water if it strikes

something cold. If scientists can build a large

condenser, then they can collect and store

fresh water easily. ---- . That's why scientists

are looking for ways of reducing the cost.

A) Sea water is heated until the water

evaporates and the salt is left behind.

B) Unfortunately, the main problem with all of

the mentioned methods is their high cost

C) Such a high quantity causes dehydration in

human body; that is, the body loses the liquids

necessary for life.

D) Another way to solve the problem of fresh

water is to make use of the most abundant

source of water we have: the sea.

E) Today, finding a source of fresh water is

becoming more and more difficult.


18

74- Earthquakes are the most dangerous and

deadly of all natural events. They occur in

many parts of the world. Giant earthquakes

have been recorded in Iran, China, Guatemala,

Chile, India, and Alaska. ---- . These

earthquakes measured about 8.5 on the

Richter Scale. The Richter Scale was devised by

Charles Richter in 1935 and is used for

comparing the energy level of earthquakes.

A) Earthquakes are caused by the

movement of rocks along cracks, or faults, in

the earth's surface

B) Two of the biggest earthquakes that were

ever recorded took place in

China and Alaska

C) The fault is produced when rocks near each

other are pulled in different directions

D) These countries have set up stations in areas

of their countries where earthquakes are

known to occur

E) They watched for changes in the water level

and temperature, which were signs of

movement along faults

75- Anxiety disorders are a group of mental

disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety

and fear, where anxiety is a worry about

future events and fear is a reaction to current

events.These feelings may cause physical

symptoms, such as a racing heart and

shakiness. ………. While each has its own

characteristics and symptoms, they all include

symptoms of anxiety.

A) This may explain why anxious people are less

likely to die due to accidents

B) Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is a

response to a real or perceived immediate

threat.

C) They often occur with other mental

disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, eating

disorders or certain personality disorders

D) There are various forms of anxiety disorders,

including generalized anxiety disorder, phobic

disorder, and panic disorder.

E) Fear and anxiety can be differentiated in four

domains

ANLAM BOZANLAR

76-(I) Tides are the result of the gravitational

pull of both the Moon and the Sun which cause

a swell of water to sweep across the oceans

twice a day. (II) Even so, in some parts of the

world one is hardly aware of high tide and low

tide. (III) This swell is only about 1 metre high,

but it contains a huge volume of water. (IV) As

it tries to squeeze into a tight inlet, the result

can be a substantial rise in sea level at high tide

and a huge tidal range. (V) The world’s largest

tidal range is thought to be in the Bay of Fundy

in Nova Scotia.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V


19

77- (I) Claude Monet, a 19th -century French

painter, was the most famous artist associated

with the movement known as Impressionism.

(II) Monet was born on November 14, 1840, and

even as a young man he was known for

producing small portraits in charcoal. (III)

Monet’s paintings of water lilies were extremely

influential to 20th -century modern artists. (IV)

In 1858 Monet met the artist Eugène Boudin,

who became his mentor and introduced Monet

to painting outdoors, or “en plein air” as it came

to be known. (V) In 1859, at the age of 19,

Monet moved to Paris to become a professional

artist.


78-(I) In science fiction, the worst threats to

space travellers are large ones: asteroids,

ravenous creatures, and imperial battle

cruisers. (II) The journey time from Earth to

Mars could be reduced from six months to less

than six weeks. (III) In reality, though, the

scariest menaces for humans in space

are the tiniest: fast-moving elementary particles

known as cosmic rays. (IV) On a long journey,

these would give astronauts a dose of radiation

serious enough to cause cancer. (V) Unlike most

of the other challenges of venturing into deep

space, which engineers should be able to solve,

cosmic rays pose irreducible risks.


79- (I) Scientists now realize that appetite and

hunger are not regulated only by energy

balance in the body, but also by human

psychology.(II) Some researchers have begun to

suspect that obesity, eating disorders, and even

the ordinary urges of appetite may resemble

drug addiction. (III) Studies on rats show that

every drop of sugar syrup they swallow causes a

surge in their dopamine levels – a sign of desire

and a biochemical marker of substance abuse.

(IV) Boosting dopamine time after time is what

drugs of abuse do. (V) That makes scientists

wonder whether food also has addictive

properties.


80- (I) Mustafa Kemal's private journal entries

dated before the establishment of the republic

in 1923 show that he believed in the

importance of the sovereignty of the people. (II)

In forging the new republic, the Turkish

revolutionaries turned their back on the

perceived corruption and decadence of

cosmopolitan Constantinople and its Ottoman

heritage. (III) For instance, they made Ankara

the country's new capital. (IV) Abolition of the

Caliphate was an important dimension in

Mustafa Kemal's drive to reform the political

system and to promote the national

sovereignty. (V) A provincial town deep in

Anatolia, it was turned into the center of the

independence movement.



20

CEVAP ANAHTARI

1 E

2 B

3 A

4 D

5 E

6 D

7 E

8 C

9 B

10A

11B

12C

13E

14B

15E

16C

17B

18A

19D

20A

21D

22B

23C

24C

25E

26A

27C

28C

29A

30D

31A

32D

33D

34B

35C

36C

37B

38D

39E

40A

41C

42D

43A

44C

45A

46B

47E

48D

49E

50B

51C

52A

53C

54D

55E

56B

57E

58C

59D

60B

61C

62A

63C

64 E

65A

66B

67D

68D

69B

70A

71C

72C

73B

74B

75D

76B

77C

78B

79A

80D

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YDS DENEME 2018 MART ( Saner Bircan )