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Yaws and Other Endemic Treponematoses. Jack McCarrick. Yaws and its relatives are caused by spirochete bacteria. Treponema pallidum. The endemic treponematoses are mainly transmitted by human-to-human contact. Yaws is typically found in tropical areas of Africa, South America, and Asia. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Yaws and Other Endemic Treponematoses
Jack McCarrick
Yaws and its relativesare caused by spirochete bacteria
Treponema pallidum
The endemic treponematoses are mainly transmitted by human-to-
human contact
Yaws is typically found in tropical areas of Africa, South America, and Asia
The first sign of yaws is a primary lesion known as a “mother yaw”
Without treatment, secondary widespread lesions form
After years without treatment, larger problems may develop
Gangosa Sabre Tibia
Endemic syphilis (bejel) is usually found in dry, hot climates (mainly in West Africa)
Endemic syphilis starts with primary white ulcers in the mouth and can end
up like late yaws
Pinta is primarily found in arid climates in Central and South America
Pinta starts out similar to yaws but can eventually lead to hyperpigmentation or
depigmentation
What do we understand about the pathogenesis of these diseases?
Not much
These diseases can be diagnosed in two ways
Dark field microscopy
Serological Tests
Benzathine penicillin is the main drug of choice for treatment
Between 1950 and 1970, WHO and UNICEF led a campaign to treat people in 46 countries
It worked, but these diseases now receive little attention
References• Antel, George M., et al. “The Endemic Treponematoses.” Microbes
and Infection 4.1 (January 2002): 83-94.• Desrosiers, Daniel C. and Radolf, Justin D. “Treponema pallidum,
the stealth pathogen, changes, but how?” Molecular Microbiology 72.5 (May 2009): 1081-1086.
• Perine, Peter L. Handbook of Endemic Treponematoses : Yaws, Endemic Syphilis, and Pinta. Geneva: World Health Organization ;, 1984. Print.
• Schell, Ronald F., and Daniel M. Musher. Pathogenesis and Immunology of Treponemal Infection. New York: M. Dekker, c1983. Print.
• Yaws: A forgotten disease. World Health Organization., January 2007. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs316/en/index.html.