Yates v US Amicus Brief

8/10/2019 Yates v US Amicus Brief

1/40

No. 13-7451

IN THE

Supreme Court of the United States

J OHN L. Y ATES ,Petitioner ,

v.

UNITED STATES OF A E!I"A ,

!e#$on%ent .

On &rit o' "ertior(ri to t)e Unite% St(te# "o*rt o' A$$e(+# 'or t)e E+event) "ir *it

-!IEF OF "AUSE OF A"TIO , SOUTHE ASTE!LE AL FOU DATIO A D TE/AS PU-LI"POLI"Y FOU DATIO ASA " "U! AE

SUPPO! TI PETITIO E!

D ANIEL EPSTEIN P!ASHANT 0 HETAN " AUSE OF A "TION , IN" . 1 1 Penn. Ave., N.&.&(#)in2ton, D"

SHANNON LEE OESSLIN SOUTHEASTE!N LE ALFOUNDATION

55 Se6e++ i++ !o(%S*ite 3

(riett(, A 3

US P. " OLDE ELLA "o*n#e+ o' !e or%SHAUNEEN . & E!LIN E!

OOD&IN P!O"TE! LLP1 Ne6 Yor Ave., N.&.

&(#)in2ton, D" 12 o+%e8e++(92oo%6in$ro ter. o:; < 34 -4

;A%%ition(+ o*n#e+ on in#i%eover<

J*+= 7, 14


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A!" LE>IN > I0!ANT P. ! EDDY TE/AS PU LI" POLI"Y FOUNDATION

"on2re## Ave., A*#tin, T/ 7?7 1

! EED ! U INSTEIN DINS O!E @ SHOHL LLP ? 1 Penn. Ave., N.&.S*ite 1&(#)in2ton, D" 4

I"HELE E. " ONNOLLY OOD&IN P!O"TE! LLP

E )(n2e P+( eo#ton, A 1


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i

TA-LE OF "O TE TS

I TE!EST OF A " "U! AE ................................. 1

SU A!Y OF A! U E T ...................................... 3

A! U E T .................................................................... 6

I. "($t(in Y(te#B# Fi#) Are NotCT(n2i8+e O8 e t# Un%er Se tion151 . ................................................................. 6

II . "($t(in Y(te#B# "on%* t I#S*''i ient+= "overe% = E i#tin2L(6#, (n% t)e E+event) "ir *itB#De i#ion !en%er# 1? U.S.". 3 ;( . Se tion 151 I# ein2 U#e% A# AS6or% O' E e *tive Overre( ), Not

A# A S)ie+% A2(in#t Fin(n i(+ Fr(*%. .... 14

>. T)e E+event) "ir *itB# De i#ionI2nore# "($t(in Y(te#B# D*e Pro e##!i2)t# ............................................... .............. 21

"O "LUSIO ................................................ .............. 27


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TA-LE OF AUTHO! ITIES

"ASES P(2e A8r(:# i v. Unite% St(te# ,

134 S. "t. 5 ; 14< ........................................ 13 A8*e+)(6( v. Unite% St(te# ,

55 U.S. ?1 ; < ............................................ 11e2(= v. Unite% St(te# ,

553 U.S. 137 ; ?< ............................................ 14

on% v. Unite% St(te# ,134 S. "t. 77 ; 14< ........................................ 1

o*ie v. "it= o' "o+*:8i( ,37? U.S. 347 ;1 4< ........................................... 3

"+eve+(n% v. Unite% St(te# ,531 U.S. 1 ; < .............................................. 13

"onn(++= v. en. "on#tr. "o. , U.S. 3?5 ;1 < ............................................

ri''in v. O e(ni "ontr( tor#, In .,

45? U.S. 5 4 ;1 ? < .........................................7, 13*i#e$$i v. &(++in2 ,

144 F. % ? ; % "ir. 1 44< ................................. 7H*88(r% v. Unite% St(te# ,

514 U.S. 5 ;1 5< ............................................ 30o+en%er v. L(6#on ,

4 1 U.S. 35 ;1 ?3< ....................................... , 4L(n (#)ire "o(+ "o. v. Se B= o' L(8or, ine

S('et= @ He(+t) A%:in.,

? F. % 3?? ;3% "ir. 1 < ............................... 4L(6#on v. F ! LL" ,

134 S."t. 115? ; 14< ........................................... 4


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iii

Lion8er2er v. !o*#e ,7 U.S. 4 ? ;1? < .............................................. 1o=+e v. Unite% St(te# ,?3 U.S. 5 ;1 31< ................................... 3, , 7

on rie''e v. Ho+%er ,133 S. "t. 1 7? ; 13< ........................................ 11

P(. De$t. o' P*8+i &e+'(re v. D(ven$ort ,4 5 U.S. 55 ;1 < ..............................................

!(8e v. &(#)in2ton ,4 5 U.S. 313 ;1 7 < ............................................ 3

!e6i# v. Unite% St(te# ,4 1 U.S. ? ? ;1 71< ............................................ 13

Unite% St(te# v. A+v(reG ,13 S. "t. 357 ; 1 < ...................................1 ,

Unite% St(te# v. A:. Tr* in2 A##Bn ,31 U.S. 534 ;1 4 < ............................................ 11

Unite% St(te# v. De):er ,No. -"!-1 -Ft - 5D ; .D. F+(. 1 < .......

Unite% St(te# v. H(rri## ,347 U.S. 1 ;1 54< ............................................

Unite% St(te# v. i##o*ri P( . != .,7? U.S. ;1 < ............................................ 4

Unite% St(te# v. N(n = +( ,No. 5 1 - r- -EJD ;N.D. "(+. 1 < ........... 14

Unite% St(te# v. S(nto# ,553 U.S. 5 7 ; ?< ............................................ 13

Unite% St(te# v. Steven# ,55 U.S. 4 ; 1 < ............................................


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iv

Unite% St(te# v. Unite% "ontB+ T*n( "or$. ,4 5 U.S. 1 4 ;1 7 < ..............................................

Uti+it= Air !e2*+(tor= ro*$ v. EPA, No. 1 -114 , 14 &L ? 7314 ;J*ne 3,

14< ..................................................................... &i++i(:# v. Unite% St(te# ,

45? U.S. 7 ;1 ? < .............................................. 5

STATUTES

T)e (rine (::(+ Prote tion A t1 U.S.". 13 ;13< ................................................ 151 U.S.". 13 ;1?< ................................................ 151 U.S.". 137 ;(


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vi

LE ISLATI>E HISTO!YOver-"ri:in(+iG(tion o' "on%* t Over-

Fe%er(+iG(tion o' "ri:in(+ L(6 He(rin2e'ore t)e S*8 o::. on "ri:e, Terrori#:,

@ Ho:e+(n% Se . o' t)e H. "o::. on t)eJ*%i i(r= , 111t) "on2. 7 ; < ;te#ti:on=o' !i )(r% T)orn8*r2), 'or:er AttB= en.o' t)e Unite% St(te#< ......................................... 1

S. !e$. No. 1 7 14 ; < ........................ , ?, 11, 5

Sen. P(tri Le()=, St(te:ent, 14? "on2. !e .S741?-1 ;J*+= , < ................................... 5 OTHE! AUTHO!ITIES

A+e 0oGin# i @ i#)( T#e=t+in, Yo*Bre;Pro8(8+=< ( Fe%er(+ "ri:in(+, in I N THEN A E OF J USTI"E LEADIN E /PE!TS! EE/A INE A I S OF " !I INAL L A& , 44;Ti:ot)= L=n ) e%. < .................................. 17

(rnini ")( r(8ort=, KE e##iveB (rine8io+o2i#t en%# 7-=e(r +e2(+ 8(tt+e 6it) 'e%#over 'ee%in2 6)(+e# ;J(n. 17, 14


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vii

ri(n &. &(+#) @ Ti''(n= . Jo#+=n, T HEHE!ITA E FOUNDATION , &it)o*t IntentHo6 "on2re## I# Ero%in2 T)e "ri:in(+Intent !e *ire:ent In Fe%er(+ L(6 ; 1 < .................................................................. 1

" ON ., IN>ESTI ATION INTO A LLE ATIONS OFIS"ONDU"T Y THE FO! E! A "TIN AND

DEPUTY INSPE"TO! ENE!AL OF THEDEPA!T ENT OF HO ELAND SE"U!ITY ; 14


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viii

(r= Fie+%# @ Jo)n E:#)6i++er, A# "ri:in(+L(6# Pro+i'er(te, ore Are En#n(re%,& ALL ST. J., J*+= 3, 11,)tt$ on+ine.6# . o: ne6# (rti +e# S 14 4 5 74?7 374 5 457 17 7141?4 1 54 ..... 15

Jo)n ( er, Jr., !evi#itin2 t)e E $+o#ivero6t) o' Fe%er(+ "ri:e# , T)e Herit(2e

Fo*n%(tion, Le2(+ e:or(n%*: No. ;J*ne 1 , ?


11/40


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STAFF OF S. " O . ON HO ELAND SE" . ANDO> . A FFAI!S , SU "O . ON F IN. AND

" ONT!A"TIN O >E!SI HT , 113 t) " ON .,IN>ESTI ATION INTO A LLE ATIONS OF

IS"ONDU"T Y THE FO! E! A "TIN ANDDEPUTY INSPE"TO! ENE!AL OF THEDEPA!T ENT OF HO ELAND SE"U!ITY ; 14 A . L. ! E> . ?7 ; 5< ......... 1

Ste$)en L(8(ton, *#ine## &i++ !e'or:#&it) Fe6 Teet) e A8+e to ite , N.Y. TI ES , Se$t. , ,)tt$ 666.n=ti:e#. o:

8*#ine## 8*#ine##-6i++-re'or:#-6it)-'e6-teet)-8e-(8+e-to-8ite.)t:+ ..................

T)e Fe%er(+iG(tion o' "ri:in(+ L(6 , 1 ? A. .A. " !I . J UST . SE" . 1 .................................. 1

R( ) !(*#nitG, E%6(r%# re#i2n# 'ro: DHSOI (:i% (++e2(tion# , FIE!"E HO ELAND SE"U!ITY ."O , De . 17, 13,)tt$ 666.'ier e)o:e+(n%#e *rit=. o: #tor= e%6(r%#-re#i2n#-%)#-oi2-(:i%-(++e2(tion# 13-1 -17 ....................................... 1?


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1

I TE!EST OF A " "U! AE 1

"(*#e o' A tion, In . ;C"(*#e o' A tion < i# (non$ro'it, non$(rti#(n or2(niG(tion t)(t *#e#inve#ti2(tive, +e2(+, (n% o::*ni (tion# too+# toe%* (te t)e $*8+i (8o*t )o6 2overn:ent( o*nt(8i+it= (n% tr(n#$(ren = $rote t t( $(=erintere#t# (n% e ono:i o$$ort*nit=. A# $(rt o' t)i#:i##ion, "(*#e o' A tion )i2)+i2)t# t)e +in e%$ro8+e:# o' over ri:in(+iG(tion (n% 2overn:ent

overre( ) i.e. , t)e $ro+i'er(tion o' #t(t*te# (n%re2*+(tion# t)(t i:$o#e )(r#) $en(+tie# 'or*nre:(r (8+e on%* t, (n% t)e $ro$en#it= o'$ro#e *tor# to $*#) ;(n% even e ee%< (n= +i:it# t)(tt)o#e +(6# ont(in. "(*#e o' A tionB# intere#t in t)i#

(#e i# +on2#t(n%in2. It 'i+e% ( 8rie' in #*$$ort o' t)e$etition 'or 6rit o' ertior(ri in t)i# "o*rt onFe8r*(r= 5, 14.

So*t)e(#tern Le2(+ Fo*n%(tion ;CSLF


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overre( ) 8= t)e E e *tive r(n ). T)e #e$(r(tiono' $o6er# en#)rine% in t)e "on#tit*tion i# ( vit(+

o:$onent o' t)e N(tionB# +(6# (n% ( riti (+#('e2*(r% o' $o+iti (+ +i8ert=. o#t re ent+=, SLF+iti2(te% So*t)e(#tern Le2(+ Fo*n%(tion v. EPA,

on#o+i%(te% 6it) Uti+it= Air !e2*+(tor= ro*$ v.EPA, No. 12-1146, 14 &L ? 7314 ;J*ne 3, 14


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SU A!Y OF A! U E TPetitioner Jo)n L. Y(te#, ($t(in o' t)e

o::er i(+ 'i#)in2 8o(t i## 0(tie , or%ere% ( re6:e:8er to t)ro6 over8o(r% #i %oGen *n%er#iGe% re%2ro*$er, ('ter 8ein2 in#tr* te% to t( e t)e 'i#) 8(to $ort 'or in#$e tion 8= t)e N(tion(+ (rineFi#)erie# Servi e ;CN FS


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1 7 4, 11 St(t. 745, 745< (n% C t o #('e2*(r%inve#tor# in $*8+i o:$(nie# (n% re#tore tr*#t int)e 'in(n i(+ :(r et# 'o++o6in2 t)e o++($#e o' Enron"or$or(tion. L(6#on v. F ! LL" , 134 S."t. 115?,11 1 ; 14


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Se on%, 6)i+e "($t(in Y(te#B# on%* t i# overe%8= :(n= ot)er #t(t*te# (n% re2*+(tion#, Se tion 1516(# inten%e% to over %o *:ent %e#tr* tion o''en#e#t)(t 6ere not (%e *(te+= $ro)i8ite% 8= e i#tin2 +(6.T)e %e i#ion 8e+o6 erroneo*#+= ren%ere% 1? U.S.".

3 ;(


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A! U E TI. "($t( in Y(te#B# Fi#) Are ot CT(n2i8+e O8 e t#

Un%er Se tion 151 .Se tion 151 ri:in(+iGe# t)e no6in2

%e#tr* tion or on e(+:ent o' ( Cre or%, %o *:ent ort(n2i8+e o8 e t 6it) t)e intent to Ci:$e%e, o8#tr* t,or in'+*en e ( 2overn:ent inve#ti2(tion. 4

"on2re## 6(# not *n +e(r (8o*t Se tion 151 B#$*r$o#e or (:8it. It i# entit+e% CDe#tr* tion,(+ter(tion, or '(+#i'i (tion o' re or%# in Fe%er(+inve#ti2(tion# (n% 8(n r*$t =. 5 It 6(# $+( e%*n%er t)e )e(%in2 C"ri:in(+ Pen(+tie# 'or A+terin2Do *:ent#. It 6(# %e# ri8e% in t)e Sen(te !e$ort(# (n C(nti-#)re%%in2 $rovi#ion. 7 It 6(# $(##e% (#$(rt o' t)e S(r8(ne# O +e= A t, ( #t(t*te %e#i2ne% to6(r% o'' t)e ne t :(##ive 'in(n i(+ # (n%(+ 8=,(:on2 ot)er t)in2#, +ev=in2 #*8#t(nti(+ $en(+tie# 'or%e#tro=in2 evi%en e o' 'in(n i(+ 'r(*%. ?

T)e E+event) "ir *it i2nore% t)i#. In#te(%, 8(#e%

#o+e+= on t)e %i tion(r=, it erroneo*#+= ;(n%

4 In '*++, Se tion 151 re(%# C&)oever no6in2+= (+ter#,%e#tro=#, :*ti+(te#, on e(+#, over# *$, '(+#i'ie#, or :( e# ('(+#e entr= in (n= re or%, %o *:ent, or t(n2i8+e o8 e t 6it) t)eintent to i:$e%e, o8#tr* t, or in'+*en e t)e inve#ti2(tion or$ro$er (%:ini#tr(tion o' (n= :(tter 6it)in t)e *ri#%i tion o'(n= %e$(rt:ent or (2en = o' t)e Unite% St(te# or (n= (#e 'i+e%*n%er tit+e 11, or in re+(tion to or onte:$+(tion o' (n= #* ):(tter or (#e, #)(++ 8e 'ine% *n%er t)i# tit+e, i:$ri#one% not:ore t)(n =e(r#, or 8ot).5 P*8. L. No. 1 7 4, ? , 11 St(t. ? ;e:$)(#i# (%%e%


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7

(8#*r%+=< on +*%e% "($t(in Y(te#B# 'i#) 6ereCt(n2i8+e o8 e t# *n%er Se tion 151 . O' o*r#e ('i#) i# ( Ct(n2i8+e o8 e t. *t 6)et)er ( 'i#) i# (Ct(n2i8+e o8 e t 'or $*r$o#e# o' t)i# $(rti *+(r#t(t*te i# ( #e$(r(te i##*e. See , e.2., *i#e$$i v.&(++in2 , 144 F. % ?, 4 ; % "ir. 1 44< ;L. H(n%,J.< ;C+iter(+ :e(nin2 on#tr* tion t)(t ontr(%i t#"on2re##B# :(ni'e#t #t(t*tor= $*r$o#e #)o*+% 8e(voi%e%


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C(:8i2*itie# (n% te )ni (+ +i:it(tion# )(%ontri8*te% to t)e Enron # (n%(+. S. !e$. 1 7-14

(t 1 ;


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Se tion 3 ;(


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1

%i#$o#(+ o' :o#t (n=t)in2 (n '(++ 6it)in t)e # o$e o'Se tion 151 . It %oe# not )(ve to 8e evi%en e o' (n(++e2e% ri:e. For in#t(n e, %e#tro=in2 evi%en e o' (:inor re2*+(tor= vio+(tion or ( ivi+ in'r( tion o*+%,*n%er t)e E+event) "ir *itB# re(#onin2, vio+(teSe tion 151 .

T)i# 6o*+% in +*%e ( $er#on 6)o %e#tro=# (:i#($$ro$ri(te% i:(2e o' CS:o e= e(r, 1 on e(+#evi%en e o' ( #*r'8o(r% 8ein2 *#e% on ( 8e( )%e#i2n(te% 'or #6i::in2, 13 t)ro6# (6(= ( 8(2 o'

)i$# 'ro: ( 6or $+( e re#troo: $rior to (n OSHAin#$e tion, 14 '(i+# to %e +(re (n ite: on ( *#to:#'or: (t t)e (ir$ort, 15 2et# ri% o' ( 8(t *#e% in (teen(2erB# 2(:e o' C:(i+8o 8(#e8(++, 1 or %i# (r%#(n e:$t= ont(iner o' :e%i ine $*r )(#e% 'ro: ('orei2n $)(r:( =. 17

Se tion 151 (nnot re(#on(8+= 8e re(% to overt)e %e#tr* tion o' t)e#e t(n2i8+e o8 e t#, 2iven t)(t%oin2 #o 6o*+% onvert re+(tive+= :inor ivi+ or

1 i#($$ro$ri(tin2 (n i:(2e o' S:o e= e(r i# $ro)i8ite%*n%er 1? U.S.". 711.13 1 U.S.". 1, 1( ;)


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11

ri:in(+ o''en#e# into t6ent=-=e(r 'e+onie# (n%t)ere i# (8#o+*te+= no #*22e#tion t)(t "on2re## everinten%e% to tr(n#'er t)(t $o6er to (2en ie# o' t)eE e *tive r(n ). on rie''e v. Ho+%er , 133 S. "t.1 7?, 1 1 ; 13< ;C T )ere i# ( :ore '*n%(:ent(+'+(6 in t)e overn:entB# ($$ro( ) It 6o*+% ren%ereven (n *n%i#$*te% :i#%e:e(nor (n (22r(v(te%'e+on=. T)i# i# K *#t 6)(t t)e En2+i#) +(n2*(2e te++#*# not to e $e t,B (n% t)(t +e(ve# *# Kver= 6(r= o' t)e

overn:entB# $o#ition.B < ; it(tion o:itte%


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1

C%ee$+= #erio*# on#e *en e# o' (%o$tin2 #* ) (8o*n%+e## re(%in2 o' Se tion 151 . See on% v.Unite% St(te# , 134 S. "t. 77, ; 14


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t)e (:8i2*it= re(te% 8= t)e #t(t*teB# 8ro(% te t.See A8r(:# i v. Unite% St(te# , 134 S. "t. 5 , 7n.1 ; 14< ;CA+t)o*2) t)e te t re(te# #o:e(:8i2*it=, t)e onte t, #tr* t*re, )i#tor=, (n%$*r$o#e o' t)e #t(t*te re#o+ve it.


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14

I> . Se tion 151 I# -ein2 U#e% A# A S6or% O'E e *tive Overre( ), ot A# A S)ie+% A2(in#tFin(n i(+ Fr(*%.Se tion 151 )(# 8e o:e ( C#i2ni'i (nt ne6

6e($on in t)e (r#en(+ o' ( 'e%er(+ $ro#e *tor. D(n(E. Hi++, Anti i$(tor= O8#tr* tion o' J*#ti ePree:$tive Do *:ent De#tr* tion Un%er t)eS(r8(ne#-O +e= Anti-S)re%%in2 St(t*te, 1? U.S.".

151 , ? " O!NELL L. ! E> . 151 , 15 ; 4


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15

T)e r($i% e $(n#ion o' 'e%er(+ (%:ini#tr(tive +(6)(# re#*+te% in ( :*+tit*%e o' E e *tive (2en ie#e:$o6ere% to inve#ti2(te (++e2e% vio+(tion# o'

o*nt+e## 'e%er(+ re2*+(tion#. Jo)n ( er, Jr.,!evi#itin2 t)e E $+o#ive ro6t) o' Fe%er(+ "ri:e# ,THE HE!ITA E FOUNDATION , Le2(+ e:or(n%*: No.

;J*ne 1 , ?


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1

S*8 o::. on "ri:e, Terrori#:, @ Ho:e+(n% Se . o't)e H. "o::. on t)e J*%i i(r= , 111t) "on2. 7 ; E!SI HT ,113 t) " ON ., I N>ESTI ATION INTO A LLE ATIONS OF IS"ONDU"T

Y THE FO! E! A "TIN AND DEPUTY INSPE"TO! ENE!AL OFTHE DEPA!T ENT OF HO ELAND SE"U!ITY ; 14


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inve#ti2(tion ; on%* t +e(r+= overe% 8= t)e #t(t*te

Documents

Yates v US Amicus Brief