YANG Xiaoyang

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The 2nd Roundtable on Transboundary Air Pollution in Northeast Asia, Dec. 9, 2016, Seoul, Korea

Contents

1. Air pollution in China

2. Countermeasures

3. New issue

4. International collaboration activities

Economic growth / air pollution

1960 2015 1990 2000 1

10

5

Trillion

Major pollutants

1970

TSP TSP SO2

TSP PM2.5 SO2 NOx

Major sources industry

GDP US$

Some point sources

Emission

“Report on the state of the environment in China” (2000-2015)

China National Environment Monitoring Center

“The 13th Five-Year Plan”

（2016－2020） SO2 & NOx 15% reduction 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

106 ton

SO2 NO2

Air quality

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

SO2 NO2 PM10

μg

/m3

2001 2005 2010 2015

China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC)

Global ambient PM2.5

North America 10 Global 20 East Asia 34 Population-weighted geometric mean concentrations, average of 2001-2006

Aaron van Donkelaar, et al. 2010. Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-based Aerosol Optical

Depth: Development and Application. Environ Health Perspect :-. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901623

PM2.5

Smog harms Beijing air on Jan. 10, 2012 [China.org.cn, January 16, 2012.

http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2012-01/16/content_24416460.htm] Visibility

degrade

Health

effect

Fine particles increasing

(PM2.5)

coal-

burning

pollution

combined

pollution

Air pollution type changing

Haze pollution

Countermeasures

Ambient air quality standards (GB3095-2012)

Feb., 2012

The Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (amendment)

Aug., 2015

Politburo collective study of ecological civilization construction

May, 2013

Heavy air pollution warning

Sep., 2013

Environmental Protection Law (amendment)

Apr., 2014

Air pollution prevention and

control action plan

Sep., 2013

MEP pilot monitoring (74 cities)

Aug., 2011

Air pollution control in key

areas (12th Five Year Plan)

Sep., 2012

Promote joint prevention and control of air pollution to improve regional air quality guidance

May, 2010

Performance assessment measures for air pollution prevention and control action plan

Apr., 2014

Three areas and nine urban agglomeration

Beijing -Tianjin-Hebei (BTH)

Yangtze River Delta (YRD)

Pearl River Delta (PRD)

Northeast

Central plain

Xi’an

Changsha Wuhan

Xinjiang

Chengyu

Shandong Peninsula

Ambient Air Quality Standard

Issued in Feb. 2012.

Mainly modification: PM2.5 and 8 hours averaged O3 newly added. Correspondingly monitoring network for PM2.5 and O3 expanded.

4-steps implementation: I. 2012 – “BTH”, “YRD”, “PRD”

and provincial capitals II. 2013 - 113 key cities III. 2015 - all major cities IV. 2016 - nationwide

(µg/m3) PM2.5

PM2.5 (annual) 35

PM2.5 (daily) 75

O3 -8h (daily) 160

Air pollution prevention and control action plan

Specific indicators : 2017 year

PM2.5

PM2.5

PM2.5

PM10

10% 15% 20% 25%

YRD PRD Nationwide

2012

2017

Goal: “After the five years’ efforts, the overall national air quality shall be improved. Heavily polluted days shall be reduced dramatically. Regional air quality in JJJ, YRD and PRD will be turned better. Through another five years’ or even longer efforts, heavily polluted days shall gradually be eliminated and the national air quality shall be improved significantly..”

BTH

Beijing

60 μg/m3

PM2.5

2015 80.6 μg/m3

Air quality

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2 O3 CO

μg

/m3

2013 2014 2015

“Report on the state of the environment in China” (2013-2015)

China National Environment Monitoring Center

New issue O3

2013 74 cities 2015 338 cities

PM2.5

O3-8h 90th

Improved

Worse?

O3 formation in troposphere

NO2 + hν → O(3P) + NO O(3P) + O2 → O3

O3 + NO → O2 + NO2

RH + OH → H2O + R R + O2 → RO2 RO2 + NO → RO + NO2

RO → → HO2 + other products HO2 + NO → OH + NO2

NO2 + O2 ⇔ O3 + NO hν

VOC + O2 → → → O3 + products hν NOx

VOCs

NO2- NH4

+ , NO3-

HONO

NO

O3

HCHO

NO2

OH HO2

VOC SO2

O3

PM2.5

SNA

SOA

NO2

VOCs is an important precursor of O3

The contribution of VOCs to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) is about 20-50%

Alkanes Alkenes

Alkynes

Aromatics

Oxygenated VOCs

Others

Volatile organic compounds

Health effects (BTEX et al.)

Climate change (warming…)

Policies for VOCs

Technologies and Policies on Volatile Organic

Compound (VOC) Pollution Control (MEP, May 2013)

State Council Air Pollution Prevention and Control

Action Plan (Sep. 2014)

Technical Guide on Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Source Inventory (MEP, Jan. 2015).

Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (Aug. 2015).

International collaboration activities (CRAES)

Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia

(EANET) - technical support for MEP

Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in

Northeast Asia Project (LTP) – leading unit of China

side

China-Korea Air Quality Joint Research Team –

CRAES & NIER

Thank you！

YANG Xiaoyang Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences yangxy@craes.org.cn