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• Floods Too much water
• Drought & water scarcity Too little water
• Water pollution Contaminations
Incre
asin
g
Extr
em
es
Water Quality
Solutions
IWRM
Comprehensive utilization / exploration of water resources
Planning
Implementation
Operation
Adaptation
Utilization
Hydropower
Irrigation
Navigation
Water supply
Disaster
mitigation
Flood management
Drought relief
IWR
M
How to
achieve
Innovation
• The largest river in China:
• 6,300km
• 1.8 million km2
• 960 billion m3 runoff
• Strategic water source &
hydropower base
• ~30% China population
• ~30% China GDP
• Golden Waterway –
Changjiang Economic Belt
Wuhan
Chongqing
Datong
Danjiangkou R
Flood Flood
EL 5400m
Drought
Hydropower
Flood 1998
Qwuhan= 71100m3/s
Eco-environmental
protection
Flood management
&
hazard mitigation
Protection of water,
environment & ecology
Integrated basin
management
Integrated Water
Resources utilization
Planning of Changjiang River
Basin
1956
Risk mitigation
1990
Water utilization
2012
Eco-environment sustainability
Dikes & Retention
basins at mid-
downstream
Integration:
Individual reservoir for multiple objectives
Multiple reservoirs operation for multiple objectives
Reservoir Functionalities:
‒ Improve flood safety level at downstream areas
‒ Promote power industry development, secure power supply
and reduce CO2 emission
‒ Secure water supply for peopel and eco-environment system
needs
‒ Improve navigation conditions of the river
‒ Maintain water flow during dry season to sustain eco-
environmental systems of the river
江
Tingzikou
2.04
Tingzikou
2.04
Zhaoshi
江
Dafangyin Dafangyin
Zipingpu Zipingpu
Xiluodu
Shuibuya Shuibuya
Xiajiang Xiajiang
Yichongqiao Yichongqiao
xiangjiaba
Pengshui
Goupitang
Three Gorges Three Gorges
July: 34~36 billion m3
flood storage
Aug: start storing
water in sequence
Liaofang Liaofang
600
590
580
570
560
380
370
360
1/Sept 20/Aug 10/Aug 10/Sept 20/Sept
Xiluodu, before 15/Sept < 571.4 m
(Backwater level of 20yrs flood)
Flood management Flood management Impoundment Impoundment
Flood management Flood management Impoundment Impoundment
Design & Planning
Optimized
Normal Pool Level for Xiluodu
Wa
ter le
ve
l (m)
• In consultation with all relevant stakeholders
• To secure high full-rate for better water resources
supply in dry season
Spillway
Flood discharge
Spillway
Flood discharge
Powerhouse
Generate electricity
Powerhouse
Generate electricity
Locks
Shipping
Locks
Shipping
Reservoir storage
Supply water
Store flood water
Navigation
Reservoir storage
Supply water
Store flood water
Navigation
Flow
Environment
Flow
Environment
Installed capacity 22500 MW
Flood control storage capacity 22.15 billion m3
Annual power generation 88 billion kWh
Maintain environmental and navigation needs in dry season
Inflow peak value reached 70000m3/s, 40000 m3/s discharged from TGR
Hmax = 161.02 m, total stored flood water of 26.43 billion m3
Reduced water level at downstream area effectively: 0.88m for Chenglingji,
0.79m for Wuhan
Qmax=70000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2010-7-10 2010-7-12 2010-7-13 2010-7-14 2010-7-15 2010-7-17 2010-7-18 2010-7-19 2010-7-20 2010-7-21
Dis
ch
arg
e (
m3
/s)
140
142
144
146
148
150
152
154
156
Wa
ter
Le
ve
l (m
)
Inflow Outflow Water Level (m)
70000m3/s
32.2
32.4
32.6
32.8
33.0
33.2
33.4
33.6
33.8
34.0
34.2
34.4
7-15-08 7-17-08 7-19-08 7-21-08 7-23-08 7-25-08 7-27-08 7-29-08 7-31-08 8-2-08 8-4-08
时间(月-日-时)
水位
(m)
实际过程
假定三峡未建库过程
Chenglingji
In 2014, generated hydropower 98.8 billion kWh
Contribute significantly to CO2 emission reduction
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
年度发
电量
(亿
kW
.h)
Pow
er
genera
tion
(kW
h)
Year
• Total installed capacity: 22500 MW
• Annual power generation: 88 billion kW·h
Improved navigation condition for 600km at mainstream & 500km at tributaries
upstream of TGR, reduced 36% navigation cost
Improved navigation capacity from 10 million t to 50 million t (planned for 2030,
reached in )!
Demands to further improve the “Golden Waterway” raises to satisfy the
development needs of the “economic belt along Changjiang river”
Navigation capacity in Upper Changjiang River (10,000t)
Generate artificial floods to provide appropriate water conditions (v, T) for
spawning of fishes at the downstream area
Experiments started since 2011 – observations shows excellent effectiveness
Spawning Water level Spawning Water level
Spaw
nin
g
Wate
r level (m
)
Wate
r level (m
)
Spaw
nin
g
Full Full
July
Normal Pool
level 175m
Oct Dec June
Wa
ter
leve
l (m
)
160
165
165
175
Impoundment
Period Drawdown period
• Maintain navigation & environmental flow
Flood control level
145m
Regulation Rule of Three Gorges Reservoir
Data Acquisition
Hydrological Forecasting
Support
Real time management
Flood Management & drought relief
Provide information &
forecasting for early warning
Meteorological Forecasting
Decision maker / end user
Consultation meeting with stakeholders
Shashi
Changes & impacts
Reservoir operation changed river
morphology
Increasing eco-environmental protection
needs
Climate change
Challenges
How to satisfy navigation needs of
“Changjiang economic belt development”?
Regulation of inter-basin water diversion –
south-to-north water transfer
Water diversion S-N
Som
e R
em
ark
s
River basin planning provides basis for integrated water resources and basin management
Integrated operation & management of multiple reservoirs for multi-objectives is vital for sustainable development
Effectiveness of engineering measures depends on non-engineering measures
Pay a
ttention t
o:
Mitigate and / or minimize negative impact of engineering measures
Adapt to changes
Reservoirs built before 2015
Total volume > 100 billion m3
Need to develop regulation rules for multi-reservoir
operation
construction
Built
Others
Zip
ingpu
Chenglingji
Xiangjiaba
Gouzhouba
ThreeGorges
Xiluodu
Zhichen
g
Yichang
Shuib
uya
Gaobazhou
Geheya
n
Goupitan
Hongjia
du
Ert
an
Jin
pin
gyi
ji
Pubugou
Tin
gzik
ou
Dongting Lake W
ujia
ngdu
Cascade Reservoirs
Oth
er
reserv
oirs
Baozhushi
Integrated
water
utilisation