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Yamunotri Ropeway Project
TECHNICAL REPORT
Prepared By
YAMUNOTRI PROJECT COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED
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PREFACE
This report addresses the concerns of the MOEF Committee regarding the issue of disturbance to the ecology of the mountain during the construction of the tower foundations of the cable car proposed to be installed at Yamunotri. Uttarakhand is one of the foremost touristic states in India and is also considered as Switzerland of India due to the presence of picturesque snow mountain range of Himalayas. Among many places of tourism interest, Char Dham (Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath) is the most sought after pilgrimage destination in Uttarakhand as well as in India. One of the major factor influencing the pilgrim flow is the quality of access to these Dham – that is hindered by difficult physical terrain and climatic conditions. Uttarakhand Government has taken many initiatives addressing to these constraints and to ensure solutions to make tourism more convenient and experimental.
Yamunotri is the source of the holy river “Yamuna”. It is situated at an altitude of 3,253 m in the Gharwal Hills, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand. It is one of the four sites of chota char dham pilgrimage – Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. The main attraction of the region is the Yamunotri temple devoted to the Goddess Yamuna. Yamunotri has an all year cold climate. Summers during April to July are pleasant with temperature ranges within 6°C to 20°C and May-June are the warmest months. The temperature during winters from October to March dips as low as – 4 deg. C. and is characterized by heavy snowfall. The shrine attracts devotees in large numbers from May to October and the temple remains closed from November to April.
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CONTENTS
1.0 About Yamunotri ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Assessment of Yamunotri…………………………………………………………………………………………………5
2.1 Attractions in Yamunotri ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 The Temple ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.2 Saptarishi Kund .......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Surya Kund ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.4 Divya Shilla ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Excursions ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Barkot .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Hanuman Chatti .......................................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Janki Chatti ................................................................................................................. 6
2.2.4 Kharsali Village .......................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Major Points To Maintain Ecology During Construction………………………...............................7 3.1 Stability of Proposed Alignment ...................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Lower Terminal Point ................................................................................................. 8
3.1.2 TR-1 ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.3 TR-2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1.4 TR-3……………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.1.5 TR-4……………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1.6 TR-5……………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1.7 TR-6……………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1.8 TR-7……………………………………………………………………………………………9 3.1.9 TR-8……………………………………………………………………………………………9 3.1.10 TR-9…………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 3.1.11 TR-10…………………………………………………………………………………………9 3.1.12 TR-11…………………………………………………………………………………………9 3.1.13 Upper Terminal Point……………………………………………………………………. 9
3.0 Landslide And Sesmic Hazard Vulnerability………………………...................................................10
4.0 Risk Assessment And Disaster Management Plan…………….................................................11
4.1 Risk Assessment…………………………………………………………………………………8
5.0 Identification of Impacts During Construction Phase………………………………………13
6.0 Identification of Impacts Operation Phase…………………………………………………....14
7.0 Anticipated Impact And Mitigation Measure……………………………………………….....15
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7.1 Land Environment………………………………………………………………………………………………………...15 7.1.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.1.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.2 Water Environment……………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 7.2.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.2.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.3 Air Environment……………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.3.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7.3.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.4 Noise Environment……………………………………………………………………………………………………….16 7.4.1 Impact Prediction…………………………………………………………………………………………………...16 7.4.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.5 Biological Environment………………………………………………………………………………………………..16 7.5.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.5.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.6 Socio Economic And Health…………………………………………………………………16 7.6.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.6.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………16 7.7 Health And Wealth Being of Construction Workers ………………………………………………….17 7.7.1 Mitigation Measures……………………………………………………………………….....17
7.8 Solid Waste And Environment ................................................................................................... ……………17 7.8.1 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………17 7.8.2 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………………………………………………17
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1. ABOUT YAMUNOTRI Accessibility: Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, Dehradun. Rail: Nearest railhead is at Rishikesh. Road: Dehradun to Yamunotri 173 km. via Mussoorie 30 km, Barkot 93.7
km, Sayana Chatti 27 km, Hanuman Chatti 6 km, Janki Chatti 3 km and Yamunotri 6 km. Rishikesh to Yamunotri 222 km. via Narendranagar 16 km, Chama 46 km, Brahmkhal 15 km, Barkot 40 km, Sayana Chatti 27 km, Hanuman Chatti 6 km, Janki Chatti 3 km and Yamunotri 6 km.
Languages: Hindi, Garhwali and English Food: Only local eating houses (dhabas) are available. Non-vegetarian
food and alcoholic drinks are prohibited in Yamunotri. Snowfall: Average snowfall is 2-3 m. Accommodation: There are ashrams, dharamshalas, and a few guesthouses in
Yamunotri. The Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) Tourist houses at Janki Chatti and Yamunotri can be checked out. These are mostly in the form of dormitories. One can find simple vegetarian food in these places.
JankiChatti Kharsali
Yamunotri Temple
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2. ASSESSMENT OF YAMUNOTRI 2.1 ATTRACTIONS IN YAMUNOTRI
2.1.1 THE TEMPLE The shrine of Yamunotri, situated at an elevation of about 3,235 m is a point of paramount religious importance for Hindus and an essential pilgrimage. Situated in the direction opposite to Gangotri, the road bifurcates from a place called Dharasu, somewhere between Rishikesh-Uttarkashi and goes on to Yamunotri. The shrine can also be visited from Dehradun via Mussoorie. Yamunotri in the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand is the first stopover for the Char Dham Yatra. Yamunotri is the westernmost shrine of Char Dhams. The shrine attracts devotees in large numbers from May to October. The temple remains closed from November to April. Dedicated to Goddess Yamuna, Yamunotri Shrine is perched atop a flank of the Bandar Poonchh peak (3165 m above sea level). The temple of Yamunotri falls on the left of River Yamuna. The present temple
was built by Maharani Guleria of Jaipur in the late nineteenth century. 2.1.2 SAPTARISHI KUND This is the source of Yamuna but being a little difficult to access; few people go there and most offer their prayers in the temple itself. A twelve kilometre difficult trek route will take you to Saptrishi kund. A natural glacial kund, the trek up to Saptrishi kund eases out around the base of Kalinda parvat. Dark blue waters, slate stones on the banks, and a rare variety of lotus adorning the water, Saptrishi Kund is a sight to behold. 2.1.3 SURYA KUND Close to the temple is this hot water spring called Surya Kund, Surya or Sun being the mythological father of Yamuna. People not just refresh here but also make prasada for offering. The temperature of the springs is as high as 88 degrees.
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2.1.4 DIVYA SHILLA This is a stone that is worshipped before entering the temple. 2.2 EXCURSIONS 2.2.1 BARKOT Barkot is the junction point to Yamunotri. The route to Yamunotri from Dehradun and Rishikesh meets at Barkot. It is a small hamlet, 49 km from Yamunotri. It has an ancient temple and can provide good facilities to the traveler. Barkot is a place of great scenic beauty with spectacular views of snow-capped mountains all around. A magnificent view of the eternal snow peaks of bandar punch can be seen from here. At the time of char dham yatra most of the people, from western part of India stay in Barkot. 2.2.2 HANUMAN CHATTI Hanuman Chatti lies enroute to Yamunotri. The 13 kilometre distance is usually covered in 6 hours. The riverside walk is like a picturesque countryside walk. Hanuman Chatti is located at the confluence of River Hanuman Ganga and Yamuna. It is also the starting point of trek to Dodi Tal. Hanuman Chatti is a confluence point of two holy rivers (Yamuna and Hanuman Ganga). Trekking route to Dodi Tal starts from here. 2.2.3 JANKI CHATTI Three kilometres from Yamunotri is Janki Chatti, famous for its hot water springs. You can have a refreshing dip here in the water or make a night halt, as accommodation facility is available here. 2.2.4 KHARSALI VILLAGE Kharsali village is situated on opposite side of Jankichatti. The approximate population of Kharsali village is 2000. All the pujari (Pandey) of Yamunotri Temple are from Kharsali village.
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3. MAJOR POINTS TO MAINTAIN ECOLOGY DURING CONSTRUCTION We have listed down below the major points which will be kept in mind during the construction period so as to enable us to maintain the pristine ecology of the terrain enroute the Cable Car Alignment. The cable cars are generally aligned on high ground spanning between hilltops and cannot be concealed. Unfortunately, this results in significant visual impacts. The preferred alignment has been selected after careful consideration of environment and engineering issues and has attempted to minimise the visual intrusion of the development into the sensitive landscape. The advantage of the system proposed is the small number of towers required. The stat ion building height will be kept low so that the visual intrusion into the valley is minimized. The terminal stations will be landscaped to match the natural landscape of the area. The built structure will be so designed so that it blends with the natural environment and appears as an extension of the natural environment. Locally available materials will be given preference. The landscape plans will be guided by the patterns of the existing natural landscape as much as possible and indigenous plants will be encouraged. Buffer plantations will be carried out to minimize the visual intrusion and to enhance the overall aesthetics of the area. 3.1 STABILITY OF PROPOSED ALIGNMENT A geological survey was carried out by Geological Survey of India for the proposed alignment. The geological conditions at the terminal stations and all the line towers were studied to examine the feasibility of the proposed alignment from stability point of view. In area around Jankichatti, the glacial landforms have given rise to gently sloping undulating and hummocky topography in which perched blocks are prominent standout features. Superimposition of V shaped profile over the original U shaped one has been observed in the upper reaches of Yamuna River. The valley development kept place with the upliftment of the terrain leading to formation of narrow, deep valleys and at places gorges. The glacio fluvial terraces are extensively used for settlements and agriculture. Fluvial terraces are sparsely developed and occur as thin strips and remnant patches along the proposed alignment of ropeway near Jankichatti. In the Yamunotri Jankichatti section, the valley shows a straight NE-SW trend. In general slope along the proposed alignment rocks exposed in the area north easterly dipping at 45o to 75o and joints planes are mostly perpendicular to the foliation planes, while some planes sub vertically dipping NW were also observed. The regional strike of various lithologies has SE NW trend and the bedding/foliation planes of all the rock formations strike across the river dipping towards up stream. The rocks exposed along the proposed ropeway alignment are mainly constituted by granite gneiss , streaky gneiss , quartzite and biotite schist and associated metabasics.
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Around Yamunotri shrine mainly white quartzite, schist and porphyroblastic gneiss are exposed. The profusely jointed white quartzite which is exposed just behind the Yamunotri temple is also thinly bedded, recrystallised , hard and compact. The general strike of the beds in the quartzite is N 50o W – S 50o E / dips 45o – 50o towards N 40o E. A few joints are observed 80o due West; 85o due S 50oW; 40o due S 40o W; 45o due N 40o E. At the contact of Gneissose rock and quartzite of central crystalline is exposed along Garur Ganga, about 60 m upstream of proposed UTP location. The streaky gneiss is well exposed in the right bank of Yamuna Rievr along foot track to Yamunotri. The rock is medium to coarse grained and foliated.
3.1.1 Lower Terminal Point: The area for the terminal station is a part of glacio fluvial terrace of thickness of ±150 m. No bed rock is exposed at this location and the nearby area is occupied by few boulders of gneissic rocks which are embedded in unconsolidated material which is moronic in nature. At this point, slope is of the order 5o to 10o in the direction towards N 300o. However, at the scarp face of overburden on the left bank of river slope is about 60o to 75o towards N 300o to 320o. From the stability point of vies, the location is safe for the terminal station.
3.1.2 TR-1: The tower is located on the same terrace as Kharsali Village. The point is located on the slope of scarp face of overburden material and is occupied by bushes only. At this point, the slope is of the order of 40o to 50o in the direction towards N 300o.
3.1.3 TR-2: The point is located near the toe hill on the river terrace which is located on the left bank of the river near Jankichatti area. The area forms a part of the flood plain of the Yamuna River. No bedrock is exposed at this location. However, at the back about 5 m distance back slope exposes gneissic rock which are up stream dipping at 40o - 50 o towards N 30o. At this point, slope is of the order 5o onto 15o in the direction towards N 10o. Overburden thickness is ± 5m. Overburden is composed of unconsolidated soil and RBM material. The location is safe for tower erection.
3.1.4 TR-3: The tower is located on the same river terrace. At this point slope is in the order of 0o to 5o in the direction towards N 300o. Flat surface is available for foundation. However, at the back about 50 m distance the backslope is gently dipping. Overburden thickness would be about ± 80 m. The point is safe for tower erection.
3.1.5 TR-4: The point is located in the forest area , near the toe hill on the river terrace which is located on the left bank of river near Jankichatti area. The area forms a part of the flood plain of Yamuna River. However, at the back about 30 m distance the back slope exposes gneissic rock which are upstream dipping at N 300o. Overburden thickness would be about ± 80 m. Overburden material is composed of RBM, old slided material and few boulders of gneissic rock are seen to be embedded in unconsolidated material. The point is safe for tower erection.
3.1.6 TR-5: The point is located near the toe hill on the river terrace which is located on the left bank of the river near Jankichatti area. The area forms a part of the flood plain of the Yamuna River. No bedrock is exposed at this location. However, at
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the back about 10 m distance back slope exposes gneissic rock which are up stream dipping at 40o -50 o towards N 30o. At this point, slope is of the order 5o to 15o in the direction towards N 300o.
3.1.7 TR-6: The point is located in the forest area. At this point the slope is of the order of 20o to 30o. in the direction towards N 290o. Overburden is composed of RBM and is about 10 m thickness. The location is safe for tower erection.
3.1.8 TR-7: The point falls within forest area and located about 80 m above the river level and covered with bushes. Back slope is covered with trees and rocks dipping upstream. Bedrock will be available ± 1 m depth. At this point, foliation is same as slope which is at 40o to 50o in the direction towards N 10o. The location is safe for tower location. 3.1.9 TR-8: The point is located about 30 m above river level and is covered with bushes. Back slope is of the order of 50o to 60o in the direction N 20o. Bedrock will be available ± 1 m depth.. Overburden material is composed of old slide debris material which is covered with grass, bushes and trees and the location is safe for tower erection.
3.1.10 TR-9: The point is located on the right bank almost on the riverbed on the RBM. The point is mainly covered with bushes and river borne material. Bedrock will be available ±10 m depth. Overburden material is composed of river bore material. The location is suitable for tower erection.
3.1.11 TR-10: The point is located at the top of a hill about 40 to50 m above river level. On the left, gneissic rock is exposed around and below this point. The overburden is old debris, which is sloping at 40 to 60o. towards N 300o direction. The location is suitable for tower erection.
3.1.12 TR-11: This location is a part of the UTP area. No in situ rock outcrop is present at this point. Thickness of the overburden at this location would be 40 m and surface slopes at 60o to 70o towards N 210o-220o. Bedrock is exposed along the nallah section. The right slope with at the scarp face of the overburden is about 60o to 75o towards N 300o-320o direction. Location is very near to the scarp face of the overburden. The sliding in the overburden mass at scarp face is observed. As the entire UTP area is covered with bushes only, no tree cutting is involved. Flat surface is not available for foundation. The location is suitable for tower erection as no other location is available around this area as far as the alignment is considered.
3.1.13 Upper Terminal Point: The entire UTP area fall within Reserve Forest Land. The triangular shaped UTP area falls on the left bank of Yamuna River and Garur Ganga. The rocks exposed around this location are schist, quartzite and porphyroblastic gneiss. White quartzite is exposed in Yamunotri temple area and contact between quartzite an gneiss is well exposed on the back slope on the right bank of Garur Ganga. The litho tectoic contact is trending at N 290o. The quartzite is exposed in the back slope above right bank of Garur Ganga and is covered with mixed forest and bushes. The rocks are dipping into the hills. Minor creep has bee
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noticed. Foliation joints 30 o- 40o / N 365-40o. The foliation in the gneissic rock strike at N 295o dipping 40o towards N 40o as observed in Garur Ganga. No in situ rock outcrop present at this point and nearby area is occupied by boulders of gneissic rock embedded in unconsolidated moronic glacial material. Overall thickness of the overburden material varies around ± 70 -150 m which slopes at 10 o to 70o. At the higher level particularly at UTP location, more or less flat surface is succeeded by steeper slopes at scarp face of overburden Tower foundation will be overburden material.
The proposed ropeway alignment comprises of rocks if granite gneiss of Central crystalline with rugged topography and falls in reserve forest area. The bed rock may not be available within reasonable depth at the locations of the proposed LTP and UTP. Hence the foundations will have to be designed on the overburden material. Post construction safety measures like avalanche deflector will be installed. Detailed geotechnical investigations will be carried out for each tower location. The structures will be designed considering adequate factor of safety for seismic loads and dynamic loading due to high wind speeds.
3.2 LANDSLIDE AND SEISMIC HAZARD VULNERABILITY
The Himalayas being geologically young and susceptible to earthquakes and intensive soil erosion are highly prone to occurrences of landslides. Himalayas each year witness a series of landslides both small and large, especially in the post monsoon period. These natural disasters have occurred in all the sections of the Himalayas from outer to Higher Himalayas. The proposed alignment falls in landslide hazard zone.
Uttarakhand state is also prone to earthquakes. During the past 200 years Uttarakhand has experienced 116 earthquakes. Uttarakhand has been placed in the zone V and IV as per the Seismotectonic Atlas of India published by the GSI in the year 2000. Major parts of Uttarkashi district fall in high hazard zone and earthquakes of M>6<7 can be expected in this region every 100 years.
Adequate safety measures will be ensured during the construction of the terminal stations and the line towers and are discussed in the Environment Management Plan. The structures will be designed for appropriate factor of safety for seismic and dynamic loads due to high wind speeds and a minimum factor of safety of 5 will be assumed for the design of the ropeway. The area near Upper terminal station falls in avalanche prone area and will be provided with avalanche deflector system. Detailed geotechnical investigations will be caried out for the design of foundations which will be certified by an independent competent agency appointed by the Government of Uttarakhand. At present construction of hotels, residential buildings, roads, government office buildings, guesthouses and other miscellaneous structures are being constructed on the hill slopes and proper precautions in design, landslide protection, etc have been taken into consideration. The cable car is a very small project and the foundations of the 11 towers are 1/10th the size of a G + 2 building foundations. The foundations are shallow and the depth of the foundation will not exceed 1 metre since they will be designed as gravity foundations. The excavation of the foundations will be by labour and the use of heavy machinery will be avoided. This results in the least disturbance to the surrounding soil.
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4. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Ropeways are liable to suffer from environmentally induced threats, risks and hazards as well as human -caused occurrences. Disasters due to technical failures and natural causes have been identified. Natural disasters include earthquakes, landslides, rock falls, storms, avalanches, lightening etc and technical failures may include rope with broken wires in service, drive / return sheave shaft failure / tension system failure, mount assembly parts failure, over speeding of ropeway / brake failure, rollback, slippage / fall of cabin, entanglement of cabin, swinging of cabin resulting in fall of passengers outside cabin, cabin derailment at station etc. while accidents include fire in fuel storage areas. Personnel for disaster failure have been identified and properly documented in the disaster management plan. The various cells - technical, team for rescue (trained and skilled operators) will be clearly indicated. 4.1 Risk Assessment:
Identify all potentially hazardous scenarios associated with the fuel storage at site that will impose risk to cable car passengers and workers during construction and operational phases;
Conduct Quantitative Risk Assessment to assess the associated risk and express the risks in both individual and societal terms;
Identify practicable and cost effective risk mitigation measures if required.
The following are the issues to be addressed with reference to technical and natural failures: Reasons Prevention Action required to be taken Socketing failure Proper material used, design
of socket and periodic inspection
Maintenance guidelines to be followed regularly
Splicing failure Periodic inspection Training manpower, tools and tackles
Fall / slippage of cabin (Grip failure, Hanger failure, failure of joints, overloading)
Components to be replaced as per life cycles
Replacement at proper time intervals to be done
Cabin door opening (collisions, jerking, component failure )
Simple precaution like locking before leaving, cabin follow rules
Seat fasteners for seats to prevent falling of passengers
Mount assembly parts failure, tower failure (rusting, over-usage, ascertained deterioration, natural calamity)
Continuous monitoring, life cycle of components to be
Life cycle monitoring
to check for fatigue or corrosion of the anchor bolts on a sample tower
whether a continuous uphill load imposed by the subtended angle of the haul rope on any vertical tower
Prevent water retention and resultant corrosion
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might lead to excessive fluctuating loads on the anchor bolts;
Hitting of cabin (Improper demarcation of area, improper passenger management)
Proper signage, proper demarcation and cordoning of cabin, training of operators
Training of operators, proper maintenance
Electrocution (Lighting) Proper rope earthing Periodic monitoring Entanglement of cabin (High wind, breakage of catenary wire)
Install and monitor Wind speed,
Periodic inspection of catenary wire, monitoring condition of wires
Natural causes like earthquakes, landslides, wind storm, hailstorm, flood, jungle fire
Earthquake resistant constructions, proper retention of landslide prone areas, early warning systems
Early warning systems
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
No. Components Aspect Potential Impact
1
Topography and Geology
Site development
• Minor negative impact
2
Soil
Construction activity leading to topsoil removal and erosion.
• Minor negative impact
3
Ecology Flora and Fauna
Trimming of trees Diversion of forest land
• Minor Negative impact
4
Water quality
Surface runoff from project siteImproper debris disposal.
• No significant negative impact.
• Short term
5 Socio- economic Environment
Increased employmentgeneration Transient Labour population
• Minor Positive impact • Minor Negative impact
6
Ambient Air Quality
Dust emissions from construction activities (ropewaystations and development atKharsali Village
• Minor negative impact confining to the sitepremises. No significantimpact beyond constructionzone.
7
Noise
Noise generated from construction activities, operation of constructionequipment and traffic due to
• Minor negative impact near noise generation sources inside premises.
• No significant impact on materials. ambient noise levels at
sensitive receptors. • Short term
From the above it can be surmised that the impacts have minor negativity and with proper mitigation measures they will be negated.
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6. IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE
No. Components Aspect Potential Impact
1
Soils
Disturbance of soil nearproposed ropeway stations Degradation of soil quality dueto development at KharsaliVillage Disturbance due to
• Minor negative impact
2
Ecology Flora and Fauna
Diversion of forest land Cutting of trees Disturbance to flora and fauna
• Negative impact
3
Water Quality
Discharge of Domestic effluent
• No significant adversei t
4
Water usage
Use of approximately 100m3/day of water to be sourced from Garhwal Jal Sansthan and
• Minor negative impact
5
Socio- economy
Impact on mule operators Increased Revenue generation Increased employmentgeneration Improvedinfrastructure and better utility
• Minor Negative impact• Minor positive impact • Minor positive impact • Minor positive impact • Minor Negative Impact
6
Ambient Air Quality
Emissions from DG sets • Minor negative impact
7
Noise
Noise from DG Sets
• Moderate negative impact
inside premises.
• No significant impact at Sensitive receptors.
8
Traffic Pattern
Development of environment friendly and convenient alternate means of transportation
• Major positive impact
We have outlined in brief below the various impacts and their mitigation measures wherein it can be safely concluded that the cable car is a non polluting mode of transport and is a boon to the pilgrims as their journey will be safe and stressfree.
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7. ANTICIPATED IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
We have given below the summary of the various likely impacts and their mitigation measures.
7.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT 7.1.1 Anticipated Impact Some of the anticipated impact, especially during the construction phase which need to be addressed, are
There may be a change in the topography and drainage pattern Top soil erosion Soil contamination due to project activities Loss of productive soil and impact on natural drainage pattern
7.1.2 Mitigation Measures Some mitigation measures are identified and given below. These measures may be used wherever applicable
Natural drainage patterns can often be maintained by preparing sodden waterways or installing culverts.
Engineering plans can be drawn to reduce the area of earth cuts on fills below what might otherwise be acceptable, provide physical support for exposed soil or rock faces, concentrate or distribute - as appropriate the weight loading of foundations to areas or state better able to support that weight,
The topsoil stockpile is to be protected or can be utilized.
7.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT 7.2.1 Anticipated Impact
Impact of water resources due to shifting of water courses, if any Impact of water withdrawal on surface water / ground water resources-Impact on
exploitation of surface / ground water Waste water from washing of cable cars Waste water generation from toilets
7.2.2 Mitigation Measures
Water conservation in landscaping STP for collection, treatment and disposal of sewage / waste waters
7.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 7.3.1 Anticipated Impact
Construction phase would involve site clearances and preparation, infrastructure development, aerial ropeway construction and other related activities
Operational phase would involve emission from vehicular movement and diesel generators.
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7.3.2 Mitigation Measures Provision for spraying water to reduce dust emissions during the construction
phase Proper maintenance of vehicles and DG sets.
7.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 7.4.1 Impact Prediction
Impact of vibrations on the surrounding environment Noise due to demolition / construction activities Impact due to present and future transportation activities by road Operation of DG sets
7.4.2 Mitigation Measures
Identification and adoption of mitigating measures for noise abatement including noise barriers for point sources and line sources and measures to minimize effect of vibrations due to construction activities are to be detailed. Acoustic enclosure to be provided for DG sets.
7.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 7.5.1 Anticipated Impact
Loss of forest cover Habitat fragmentation and blocking of migratory corridors due to project activities Loss of plants of economic importance
7.5.2 Mitigation Measure
Mitigating measures to compensate the loss of forest cover by replantation. Restoration/Regeneration of rare plants of economic importance including
medicinal plant species. There are no migratory bird paths in the corridoor
7.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC AND HEALTH 7.6.1 Anticipated Impact:
Details of public and private land in the proposed and immediate surroundings, socioeconomic status of the affected owners of the private lands, if any should be properly compiled
Impact of the project on socio cultural aspects should be assessed Damages to any historical sites if present in the area should be reported.
7.6.2 Mitigation Measures:
Mitigating measures should take into account the needs of the people based on primary data as obtained through need assessment survey/study.
Local people especially the woman and women self help group should be involved in selecting alternative location to be made available to the affected people if applicable.
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7.7 HEALTH AND WEALTH BEING OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS Construction activities are emitting large pollution to environment. Large volumes of suspended particulate matters are released during construction work leading to air pollution. Unhygienic site sanitation facilities cause damage to environment and to health of the construction workers. 7.7.1 Mitigation Measures The objective is to ensure health and safety of the workers during construction, with effective provisions for the basic facilities of sanitation, drinking water, safety of equipments or machinery etc. Following are some of the recommendations to be followed:
Comply with the safety procedures, norms and guidelines (as applicable) as outlined in IS5228, IS 5229 and IS 5230, code of practice for construction of aerial ropeways, Bureau of Indian Standards
Provide clean drinking water to all workers Provide adequate number of decentralized latrines and urinals to construction
workers. Guarding all parts of dangerous machinery. Precautions for working on machinery. Maintaining hoists and lifts, lifting machines, chains, ropes, and other lifting tackles
in good condition. Durable and reusable formwork systems to replace timber formwork and ensure
that formwork where used is properly maintained. Ensuring that walking surfaces or boards at height are of sound construction and
are provided with safety rails or belts. Provide protective equipment; helmets etc. Provide measures to prevent fires. Fire extinguishers and buckets of sand to be
provided in the fire-prone area and elsewhere. Provide sufficient and suitable light for working during night time. Dangers, health hazards, and measures to protect workers from materials of
construction, transportation, storage etc. Safety policies of the construction firm/division/company.
7.8 SOLID WASTE AND ENVIRONMENT 7.8.1 Anticipated Impact:
Impact due to non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste generated during the construction and operational stages should be assessed.
7.8.2 Mitigation Measures:
Mitigation measures to comply the norms will be planned. Options for minimization of solid waste and environmentally compactable / recycling of waste to conserve natural resources should be planned. Management and disposal of temporary structures, made during construction phase will be planned.
Yamunotri Ropeway Project
TRAFFIC REPORT
Prepared By
YAMUNOTRI PROJECT COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED
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CONTENTS
1. Introduction to the Report ......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 About Uttarakhand ................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 About Yamunotri ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Need for the Project ................................................................................................................................................ 7
2. Terms of Reference ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Scope of the Ropeway Project ........................................................................................................................... 8
3. Market Assessment of Tourism ......................................................................................................................... 111
3.1 Overview of Tourism ......................................................................................................................................... 111
3.1.1 A Global Scenario ........................................................................................................................................ 111
3.1.2 Contribution of Tourism Sector to India’s GDP and Employment .................................. 122
3.2 Religious Tourism in India ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Existing Hilltop Pilgrimage destinations using Ropeway ................................................................ 13
3.3.1 Mansa Devi and Chandi Devi, Uttarakhand .................................................................................... 13
3.3.2 Naina Devi, Himachal Pradesh ............................................................................................................... 13
4. Assessment of Yamunotri....................................................................................................................................... 155
4.1 Attractions in Yamunotri ................................................................................................................................ 155
4.1.1 The Temple ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.2 Saptarishi Kund .............................................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.3 Surya Kund ..................................................................................................................................................... 166
4.1.4 Divya Shilla .................................................................................................................................................... 166
4.2 Excursions .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2.1 Barkot .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
4.2.2 Hanuman Chatti .......................................................................................................................................... 166
4.2.3 Janki Chatti ..................................................................................................................................................... 177
4.2.4 Kharsali Village .............................................................................................................................................. 17
5.0 Traffic Analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
5.1 Base Foot falls and Percentage Using Ropeway..…………………………………………………...18
5.2 Growth in Pilgrims Using Ropeway………………………………………………………………………..19
6.0 Ropeway Project – The Way Out ............................................................................................................. 2020
6.1 Potential for other tourism activity………………………………………………………………………………20
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7. The Concessionaire ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.1 Business Area ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
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1. INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT
1.1 ABOUT UTTARAKHAND
The state of Uttarakhand, erstwhile Uttaranchal, was formed on 9th November 2000 as the 27th State of India, when it was carved out of northern Uttar Pradesh. Located at the foothills of the Himalayan mountain ranges, it is largely a hilly State, having international boundaries with China (Tibet) in the north and Nepal in the east. On its north-west lies Himachal Pradesh, while on the south is Uttar Pradesh. It is rich in natural resources especially water and forests with many glaciers, rivers, dense forests and snow-clad mountain peaks. The state has a vast tourism potential in adventure, leisure, and eco-tourism. According to Census of India, 2011, Uttarakhand has a total population of 101.17 Lakh with a decadal growth rate of 19.17 percent for the year 2001-11. Out of total population, 51 percent are males while 49 percent are females. The population density of the state is 189 persons per sq.km while the literacy rate is 79.6 percent which is higher than the national average of 74 percent.
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The table below shows the Domestic and Foreign tourist arrival in Uttarakhand. According to the statistics available, the share of Uttarakhand to the total tourist in India (domestic tourist) has increased in past few years while in case of foreign tourist, the growth is almost stagnant. It can also been observed that the tourist inflows in the state, both domestic and foreign, has shown a significant increase in past 2-3 years.
Tourist Arrivals in the State
State/Country
2008 2009 2010
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
U’khand 2,05,46,323 99,910 2,19,34,567 1,06,470 3,02,06,030 1,27,258
All India 56,29,82,298 1,41,12,590 65,00,38,673 1,37,17,522 74,02,14,297 1,78,52,777
% Growth
U’khand - - 6.8 6.6 37.7 19.5
All India - - 15.5 -2.8 10.7 24.2
Share of Uttarakhand to India
3.6 0.7 3.4 0.8 4.1 0.7
Source: Ministry of Tourism, GOI According to published figures by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, for the year 2010, the state has improved its rank from 8th to 7th in case of domestic tourist visits while it has lowered in case of foreign tourist i.e., from 15th in 2009 to 16th in 2010. The tourism industry is a major contributor to the economy of Uttarakhand, with hill stations at Mussorie, Almora, Ranikhet and Nainital being some of the most frequented destinations. Some of the holy Hindu shrines also belong to this region. For almost 2000 years, pilgrims have been visiting the temples at Haridwar, Rishikesh, and Char Dham (Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath).
1.2 ABOUT YAMUNOTRI
Yamunotri is the source of the holy river “Yamuna”. It is situated at an altitude of 3,253 m in the Gharwal Hills, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand. It is one of the four sites of chota char dham pilgrimage – Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. The main attraction of the region is the Yamunotri temple devoted to the Goddess Yamuna.
Yamunotri has an all year cold climate. Summers during April to July are pleasant with temperature ranges within 6°C to 20°C and May-June are the warmest months. The temperature during winters from October to March dips as low as – 4 deg. C. and is characterized by heavy snowfall. The shrine attracts devotees in large numbers from May to October and the temple remains closed from November to April.
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Accessibility:
Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, Dehradun.
Rail: Nearest railhead is at Rishikesh.
Road: Dehradun to Yamunotri 173 km. via Mussoorie 30 km, Barkot 93.7 km, Sayana Chatti 27 km, Hanuman Chatti 6 km, Janki Chatti 3 km and Yamunotri 6 km.
Rishikesh to Yamunotri 222 km. via Narendranagar 16 km, Chama 46 km, Brahmkhal 15 km, Barkot 40 km, Sayana Chatti 27 km, Hanuman Chatti 6 km, Janki Chatti 3 km and Yamunotri 6 km.
Languages: Hindi, Garhwali and English
Food: Only local eating houses (dhabas) are available. Non-vegetarian food and alcoholic drinks are prohibited in Yamunotri.
Snowfall: Average snowfall is 2-3 m. Accommodation: There are ashrams, dharamshalas, and a few guesthouses in
Yamunotri. The Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam (GMVN) Tourist houses at Janki Chatti and Yamunotri can be checked out. These are mostly in the form of dormitories. One can find simple vegetarian food in these places.
JankiChatti Kharsali
Yamunotri Temple
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1.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
The growth of traffic to Yamunotri has been phenomenal especially during the last 10 years. During 2001 to 2011, the traffic to Yamunotri has increased from 54,074 to 4,69,561 a compounded annual growth rate of 24.13%. The further growth in pilgrims to Yamunotri has to be matched with facilities available en route to reach Yamunotri. Government of Uttarakhand as their strategy to develop tourism in the state has identified many tourism development projects. These initiatives will not only address the inadequacy of the tourism destinations, but will also enhance the tourism prospect, that happens to be one of the economic driver of the state. Uplifting the infrastructure of the Yamunotri is one of such initiative taken by Government of Uttarakhand. The last point to reach Yamunotri shrine by vehicle is Janki Chatti. The actual temple is only accessible by a five kilometer walk from the town of Janki Chatti. The 5 km route of Yamunotri from Janki Chatti is traversed by the pilgrims either on foot or by the means of ponies, and palkies. The elevation of Yamunotri from Janki Chatti is about 600 m and the journey is quite tiresome. For this reason, construction of a ropeway system shall provide comfort, safe and fast journey. The benefits of a ropeway system between Kharsali village (connected to Janki Chatti by pedestrian bridge) to Yamunotri Shrine therefore justify its construction. Therefore, Government of Uttarakhand proposes to develop a passenger ropeway between Kharsali to Yamunotri. This passenger ropeway project has been awarded to a private company through Public Private Participation on Build, Operate and Transfer (“BOT”) basis with a concession period of 30 years.
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2. TERMS OF REFERENCE
The Government of Uttarakhand, to exploit the State’s unlimited tourism potential, has formed an Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board (“UTDB”) with the responsibility for the development and promotion of tourist destinations in the state. UTDB has taken several initiatives, in association with private sector and other industry players, towards the development of diverse tourist attractions in the state. As one of such initiatives, UTDB and its nominated agencies/advisors/consultants on behalf of Uttarakhand (GoU) (the “Authority”) is engaged in the development of tourism and as part of this endeavor, the Authority has decided to undertake development of passenger ropeway between Kharsali and Yamunotri (the “Project”) through Public Private Participation on Build, Operate and Transfer (the "BOT") basis. Yamunotri Project Company Pvt. Ltd. (“Concessionaire” or “YPCPL”), a company incorporated by UIPC under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, having its registered office at A-21, Green Park, Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi – 110016 as Special Purpose Vehicle (“SPV”) for undertaking the development of the project. The Selected Bidder has, purchased (at par value) UIPC’s 100% equity shareholding in Yamunotri Project Company Pvt. Ltd. as per the terms of the Authority.
2.1 SCOPE OF THE ROPEWAY PROJECT
The scope of the work will broadly include planning, designing, investing, constructing, marketing, and the operation and maintenance thereof.
Brief details of the project
S.N. Key Information Details 1. Length of the Ropeway 3845.59 m 2. Project Title Yamunotri Ropeway Project 3. Location Kharsali, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India 4. Project area /
Development norms
a) Lower Terminal point (LTP) at Kharsali Village (1.564 hectares approx.).
b) Upper Terminal Point (UTP) at Yamunotri (0.990 hectares approx.)
c) Right of Use (RoU) for Ropeway Corridor (3.072 hectares approx.)
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5. Minimum Development Obligations/Mandatory Project Facilities
• Type of Ropeway System: Mono-cable DetachableGondola System. Drive Gear with entire driving arrangement, Cabins, Hanger, Carriage and Haulage Rope to be mandatorily procured imported.
The electrical items in the above system such as electrical drive system, motor, control panels, electrical fixtures and fittings, etc. can be procured indigenously from reputed suppliers such as ABB, Siemens, L&T or equivalent.
LTP AT KHARSALI VILLAGE • Ropeway Tower and Terminal Station (Boarding &
De-boarding, D.G. Room, Administration block, Gondola parking space, Clock room, Toilets)
• Parking slots as per the basic requirement • Accommodation - Minimum 20 rooms in any type,
form (i.e. rooms or dormitory) • Waiting lounge • Public Convenience facilities • Basic infrastructural facilities like sewage system,
drinking water, medical facilities, electricity, telecommunication etc.
UTP AT YAMUNOTRI • Ropeway Tower and Terminal Station (Boarding &
De-boarding, D.G. Room, Administration block, Gondola parking space, Clock room, Toilets)
• Pedestrian bridge connecting UTP and pathway to Yamunotri temple
• Waiting lounge • Public Convenience facilities • Basic infrastructural facilities like sewage system,
drinking water, medical facilities, electricity, telecommunication etc.
The Concessionaire may use its discretion to decide on the scale and size of the components, except the Ropeway and its associated structures, which shall be as per the specifications and applicable guidelines. The Concessionaire is required to adopt an approved technology specifically for construction and operation of the Ropeway and its associated structures as per the IS codes and other specifications mentioned in the draft Concession Agreement including procurement of the associated equipment from the reputed vendors / manufacturers as per the list provided in the draft Concession Agreement or approved by the Authority.
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6. Concession Period 30 (thirty) years including construction period from the Appointed Date as per the terms of the Concession Agreement, with provision of renewal for another 10 (ten) years provided that the Concessionaire refurnish the ropeway machinery within the initial 30 (thirty) years from the Appointed Date so that the Project and Project Facilities can be transferred back to the Authority in good working condition at the expiry of the Concession Period. The refurbishment would be required to be completed by the Concessionaire during the period between 28th and 30th year from the Appointed Date.
7. Environmental Clearance Consent to Establish by State Pollution Control Board
An Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been completed for the Project by SENES Consultants Pvt. Ltd. The project has been accorded the Environmental Clearance under Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 vide letter no. 10-128/2007-IA-III dated 8th Sept. 2008. The Concessionaire is required to adhere to the observations made by the MoEF Board, mentioned in the letter no. 10-128/2007-IA-III dated 8th Sept. 2008 (Annex-I to Schedule E of draft Concession Agreement) and to the Environment Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan and the monitoring system as mentioned in the EIA study approved by the MoEF board for the Project. Consent to Establish provided by State Pollution Control Board vide their letter no. UIPPCB/HO/NOC-1322/09/252 dated 8-7-2009 (Annex-II to Schedule E of draft Concession Agreement)
8. Construction Period 48 months from the Appointed Date 9. Project Land Forest Land: The Forest Land Lease Deed Agreement
executed on 1st October, 2013. Private Land: The Land Lease Agreement executed on 5th September, 2013.
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3. MARKET ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM
3.1 OVERVIEW OF TOURISM
The World Tourism Organization defines Tourists as “people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".
Travel & Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact, the industry has significant indirect and induced impacts. With economy prosperity and growth coupled with high disposable income, globalization, and increase in standard of living; more freedom has been given than ever before to people, to travel around, which continues to fuel growth. Travel and tourism have also been a major contributor to growth in other sectors like hospitality, health care, travel operators, retail etc. Similarly, growing international trade – particularly from emerging markets – will sustain business travel demand. Nations have started understanding the importance of tourism’s contribution to the national economy and in recent years, the sector has gained significance as important economic driver.
3.1.1 A GLOBAL SCENARIO
• In 2011, Tourism contributed 9% of global GDP or a value of over US$ 6 trillion and accounted for 255 million jobs.
• Over the next ten years this industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually, taking it to 10% of global GDP, or approx. US$10 trillion.
• By 2022, it is anticipated that Travel and Tourism will account for 328 Mn jobs i.e.1 in every 10 jobs in the world.
• 2011 was one of the most challenging years ever experienced by the global Travel & Tourism industry. However, latest research by World Tourist Council suggests that, despite political upheaval, economic uncertainty and natural disasters, the industry’s direct contribution to world GDP grew by nearly 3% to US$ 2 trillion and directly generated 1.2 million new jobs.
• This was supported by a 3% increase in visitor exports to US $1.2 trillion, with almost 3% growth in capital investment, which rose to over US$0.7 trillion.
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NATIONAL SCENARIO
3.1.2 CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM SECTOR TO INDIA’S GDP AND EMPLOYMENT
• The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to India’s GDP in 2011 was INR 1,689.8 Bn (1.9% of GDP) and is estimated to have touched INR 1,818.5 Bn in 2012, a rise of 7.6%. This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). Though, it also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists.
• The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 7.7% pa to INR 3,805.2 Bn by 2022.
• Travel & Tourism generated 24,975,000 jobs directly in 2011 (5.0% of total employment) and it is estimated to grow by 3.0% in 2012 to 25,733,500 (5.0% of total employment). This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists.
• By 2022, Travel & Tourism will account for 30,198,000 jobs directly, an increase of 1.6% per annum over the period of next ten years.
3.2 RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN INDIA
India perhaps is the only country in the world which is rich in religious and cultural diversity due to population of over 1.1 billion consisting of Hindus (70%), Muslims (20%), Christians, Sikhs, Buddhist, Zoroastrians and others (10%). Majority of Indians thrive on the unconditional belief and faith in religion/ god. It is always proclaimed that in India miracles work more than the human and that is mainly due to their belief in God. It is estimated that India has the largest collection of holy places in the world i.e. Hindu shrines, Muslim mosques, Sikh gurudwaras, Christian churches, Buddhist monasteries, Parsies agiaries etc. spread all over the country leading to millions of pilgrims visiting these holy places at a regular frequency.
Inn
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3.3 EXISTING HILLTOP PILGRIMAGE DESTINATIONS USING ROPEWAY
Some of the most visited hilltop pilgrimage destinations of India are:
3.3.1 MANSA DEVI AND CHANDI DEVI, UTTARAKHAND
Mansa Devi and Chandi Devi are located at hilltop - Bilwa hill and Neel hill, in Haridwar. These two temples are one the Panch Tirth within Haridwar. The temple is considered a must visit for the pilgrims going to Haridwar.
To reach Mansa Devi shrine one has to either follow the trekking route up to this holy shrine or ride on the recently introduced rope-way service. The rope-way service known as "Mansa Devi Udankhatola" was introduced for the benefit of the pilgrims. The rope-way carries the pilgrims from the lower station directly to the Mansa Devi Temple. The total length of the rope-way is 540 meters (1,770 ft) and the height it covers is 178 meters (584 ft).
To reach the Chandi Devi temple one has to either follow the three kilometre trekking route from Chandighat or take a recently introduced ropeway service. The rope-way carries the pilgrims from the lower station located near Gauri Shankar Temple on the Nazibabad Road directly to the Chandi Devi Temple located at an altitude of 2,900 metres (9,500 ft). The total length of the ropeway route is about 740 metres (2,430 ft) and height is 208 metres (682 ft).
The temples, give scenic views of river Ganga and Haridwar. After the implementation of ropeway system the numbers of visitors to the shrine have increased enormously.
3.3.2 NAINA DEVI, HIMACHAL PRADESH
Naina Devi temple is one of the most notable places of worship in Himachal Pradesh. Located in district Bilaspur, it is one of the 51 Shakti peeths where limbs of Sati fell on Earth. This holy place witnesses the huge crowd of pilgrims and devotees round the year. The temple is connected with National Highway No. 21. The temple at the top of the hill can be reached via road and then by concrete steps (that finally reach the top). There is also a cable car facility available for
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pilgrims from the base of the hill to the top. Other infrastructural development which carried out to facilitate the pilgrims was the availability of free accommodation, food, 24-hours electrification, medical facilities, road construction, etc.
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4. ASSESSMENT OF YAMUNOTRI
4.1 ATTRACTIONS IN YAMUNOTRI
4.1.1 THE TEMPLE
The shrine of Yamunotri, situated at an elevation of about 3,235 m is a point of paramount religious importance for Hindus and an essential pilgrimage. Situated in the direction opposite to Gangotri, the road bifurcates from a place called Dharasu, somewhere between Rishikesh-Uttarkashi and goes on to Yamunotri. The shrine can also be visited from Dehradun via Mussoorie.
Yamunotri in the Garhwal Himalayas in the state of Uttarakhand is the first stopover for the Char Dham Yatra. Yamunotri is the westernmost shrine of Char Dhams. The shrine attracts devotees in large numbers from May to October. The temple remains closed from November to April.
Dedicated to Goddess Yamuna, Yamunotri Shrine is perched atop a flank of the Bandar Poonchh peak (3165 m above sea level). The temple of Yamunotri falls on the left of River Yamuna. The present temple was built by Maharani Guleria of Jaipur in the late nineteenth century.
4.1.2 SAPTARISHI KUND
This is the source of Yamuna but being a little difficult to access; few people go there and most offer their prayers in the temple itself. A twelve kilometre difficult trek route will take you to Saptrishi kund. A natural glacial kund, the trek up to Saptrishi kund eases out around the base of Kalinda parvat. Dark blue waters, slate stones on the banks, and a rare variety of lotus adorning the water, Saptrishi Kund is a sight to behold.
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4.1.3 SURYA KUND
Close to the temple is this hot water spring called Surya Kund, Surya or Sun being the mythological father of Yamuna. People not just refresh here but also make prasada for offering. The temperature of the springs is as high as 88 degrees.
4.1.4 DIVYA SHILLA
This is a stone that is worshipped before entering the temple.
4.2 EXCURSIONS
4.2.1 BARKOT
Barkot is the junction point to Yamunotri. The route to Yamunotri from Dehradun and Rishikesh meets at Barkot. It is a small hamlet, 49 km from Yamunotri. It has an ancient temple and can provide good facilities to the traveler.
Barkot is a place of great scenic beauty with spectacular views of snow-capped mountains all around. A magnificent view of the eternal snow peaks of bandar punch can be seen from here. At the time of char dham yatra most of the people, from western part of India stay in Barkot.
4.2.2 HANUMAN CHATTI
Hanuman Chatti lies enroute to Yamunotri. The 13 kilometre distance is usually covered in 6 hours. The riverside walk is like a picturesque countryside walk. Hanuman Chatti is located at the confluence of River Hanuman Ganga and Yamuna. It is also the starting point of trek to Dodi Tal.
Hanuman Chatti is a confluence point of two holy rivers (Yamuna and Hanuman Ganga). Trekking route to Dodi Tal starts from here.
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4.2.3 JANKI CHATTI
Three kilometres from Yamunotri is Janki Chatti, famous for its hot water springs. You can have a refreshing dip here in the water or make a night halt, as accommodation facility is available here.
4.2.4 KHARSALI VILLAGE
Kharsali village is situated on opposite side of Jankichatti. The approximate population of Kharsali village is 2000. All the pujari (Pandey) of Yamunotri Temple are from Kharsali village.
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5. TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
The growth of traffic to Yamunotri has been increasing by 10% during the last 5 years. The tourist traffic to other dhams - Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath have also increased during this period.
Table indicates number of visitors to Yamunotri.
Years Yamunotri Growth % 2008 3,27,611 13.8 2009 3,22,242 -1.6% 2010 3,54,466 10% 2011 3,89,912 10% 2012 4,28,904 10% 2013 4,71,794 10%
The traffic increase has been an average 10% for the last 5 years and the anticipated traffic growth in the future will be an average of 3% as the tourist season is only for approximate 7 months. This increase in traffic is nominal and after 5 years from commissioning the cable car the traffic growth will be stagnant.
At present the piligrims take the whole day of approx minimum 6 hours to complete the trek . There are no proper sanitation facilities and rest areas along the route. The present route is steeply inclined and narrow and the ponies are also not able to trot safely and frequently slide down causing mishaps. The piligrims who walk to the temple frequently fall sick due to the rarified atmosphere and are short of breath due to the altitude.
From all the above the cable car will provide a safe and comfortable journey and the total time estimated will be around 2hrs including the darshan. The cable car is a non polluting safe mode of transport and it has no air and noise pollution issues.
5.1BASE FOOTFALLS & PERCENTAGE USING ROPEWAY
Particulars Base Footfalls (pilgrims) - FY 2017
Pilgrims that would use Ropeway
Peak Season 5,52,895 80%
Off Season 1,04,480 75%
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5.2 GROWTH IN PILGRIMS USING ROPEWAY
Years Traffic Growth
2012-27 3.5%
2028-43 3%
2044-53 2%
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6. ROPEWAY PROJECT – THE WAY OUT
Looking at the complex terrain and the problems faced by the growing number of visitors, there is a definite need for a ropeway connecting Kharsali Village to Yamunotri. The ropeway project will have a positive impact on the tourist’s inflow to Yamunotri as it is much safer, and time and cost effective mode to reach the Temple from the base station.
Increase in tourist inflow will also give a major boost to the local economy by generating direct or indirect employment for the local inhabitant. The proposed ropeway project will also generate employment for the localities’. Furthermost, the local business community offering services like lodging & boarding, food etc. will also be benefited from the proposed ropeway project.
6.1 POTENTIAL FOR OTHER TOURISM ACTIVITY:
The proposed ropeway project could act as boon for other tourism activities like cultural tourism as the region offer distinctive culture and lifestyle. The adequate sunshine, flora and fauna, herbs, etc offers opportunities for medical/wellness tourism. The site gets adequate amount of snow during winter, which can facilitate winter sports & skiing tourism. The panoramic beauty of the Himalaya in the close vicinity can facilitate to mountain hiking and nature trails. There are several possibilities to add various summer time attractions for specific market segment.
It is being contemplated that with the Ropeway project getting on stream, there is a possibility that the temple can remain open even in the part or the full winter season. Further, with the snow clad mountains, there could be a great potential for winter sports being promoted on the lines of Gulmarg.
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7. THE CONCESSIONAIRE
Yamunotri Project Company Pvt Ltd (“YPCPL”) has been incorporated as SPV to undertake the implementation of Monocable Detachable Gondola Lift (Passenger Ropeway) between Kharsali village and Yamunotri on BOT basis and will not engage in any other business/activity.
7.1 BUSINESS AREA
As per the Memorandum and Articles of Association of YPCPL the Company’s main objects to be pursued are:
To undertake the project of the construction, development, maintenance and management of Yamunotri Ropeway Project through Public-Private-Partnership on BOT basis.
Thus, as per the Memorandum of Association, YPCPL is duly authorized to execute and subsequently operate and maintain the proposed Project Road.
