YAMASHITA, TerutoshiDIRECTOR

UNAFEI

6 October 2015

An Overview of Diversion and the Prison Situation

for

PROFILE

2

1956 Year of Birth KAGOSHIMA Prefecture1979 Graduated from Faculty of Law, CHUO University

1984 Prosecutor for Tokyo→Kumamoto→Mito→Tokyo→Kokura P.P.O.s

1995 UNAFEI Faculty member

1998 Prosecutor for Yokohama P.P.O.

2000 ICD, Research and Training Institute of the MOJ in Osaka

2004 Deputy Director of Departments of Tokyo P.P.O.

2006 Counsel of the Office for Promoting Justice System Reform,Secretariat of the Cabinet

(TA in the Criminal Field)

(TA in the Civil & Commercial Field)

1982 Legal Trainee of the Legal Research and Training Institute, Supreme Court

2009.1 Deputy Chief Prosecutor of Mito District P.P.O.)

2010.1 Tokyo High P.P.O. (Director, General Affairs Department)

2010.8 Director ICD, RTI MOJ in Osaka

2012.7-2014 Chief Prosecutor of Kushiro & Wakayama District P.P.O.s)

YAMASHITA, TerutoshiDIRECTOR, UNAFEI

พระเจ้�าวรวงศ์�เธอ พระองค์�เจ้�าวรรไวทยากร กรมหม��นราธ�ปพงศ์�ประพ�นธ�� 1943

1956

（ナラーティップ・ポンプラパン親王）ワン・ワイタヤコーン親王

RELATION BETWEEN THAILAND & JAPAN

ChairmanUN General Assembly

法学博士

　

政雄藤吉

Prof. MASAO, Tokichi

重光葵　 Minister of MOFA Mr. SHIGEMITSU, Mamoru3

VP

O A

ssociatio

nIn

Su

pp

ort o

fU

NA

FE

I’s A

ctivities（

２００３～

）

UNAFEI’s Historyand Related Organizations

JAPAN1970

InternationalTraining Courses

etc.

MOJ

RTI

Research and Training InstituteUN Training Cooperation Department

personnel

Asia Crime Prevention Foundation

NGO

1982 established

support

4

JICAestablished

1974

UNAFEI

UN

JAPAN

1961Agreement

MOJ

1962 inaugurated

UNAFEI FAMILY

１３７ Countries Over 5,000 Alumuni

Thailand３２９

5

Characteristics1. Investigative Power of prosecutors

2. No private/police prosecution No grand jury and preliminary hearing

3. No wiretapping and undercover operation

4. Discretionary power to drop cases

5. Prosecution Review Commission

6. Tried by professional judges except lay judge system since 2009

7. No immunity and plea-bargaining

8. Beyond a reasonable doubt for initiating prosecution

9. Prohibition of Hearsay evidence

10. Appeal against fact-finding (including acquittal) and sentencing

6

An Overview of the Statistics (2013)

Occurrence of Crime (unknown to the police)

Reported cases

?

(1,900,000)

Identified suspects (880,000)

Reported cases

PenalCodeOffenses

Identified suspects (450,000)

SpecialLawOffenses

(Imprisonment) (23,000)

(Prosecution)

(Suspended) (32,000)

(90,000)

Non-prosecution

SummaryprosecutionProse-

cution

Sen-tencing

(830,000)

(310,000)

(100,000)(To Family Court)

1975 2005 2013

6,700 personsawaiting trial

55,000prisoners

1945

7

From White Paper on Crime (2014)

Prosecutorial Disposition (2003 - 2012)

8

30,000 in 2013

60,000 in 2013

From White Paper on Crime (2013)

Legal System and PracticesBehind Diversion

A. Exclusive Power of Prosecution

B. Discretionary Power of Non-prosecution

C. Degree of Certainty in Proving a Case for Prosecution

D. Utilization of Summary Procedure for Fine

E. Investigative Authority of Prosecutors

Criminal Procedure CodeArt. 248

Consideringthe character, age, environment of a suspectThe gravity of offenceCircumstances and situation after the offenceProsecution is not needed.

CriteriaNo written guidelinesUnwritten and/or customary law accumulated from the past practices

Criteria almost same as court judgementProof beyond a reasonable doubt

Importance of Interview

9

Yakuza (Japanese mafia)in the Prisons

10From White Paper on Crime (2012)

Yakuza (Mafia) in the Prisons

Population 120,000,000

Yakuza (mafia) 80,000

Prisons 　 60,000 ～ 87,000

Yakuza (mafia) 　　 2,000 ～ 4,000

Shinkansen capacity 　　　 1,300One car 　 for

100 passengersYakuza inShinkansen Prison 　 2 to ４ cars

Society 　　 0.8 person

11

Prisoners for Drug Related Crimes(194 – 2013)

12

New female prisonersincluded

Total prisoners (%)

Female Prisoners (%)

New prisoners

prisoners newly sent to prisons for drug related crimes(1994 – 2013)

‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13From White Paper on Crime (2014)

Repeat Prisoners

Repeat offenders among prisoners newly sent to the prisons(1994 – 2013)

FemaleTotal

‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13 ‘94 ‘98 ‘03 ‘08 ‘13

(×100 persons)(×1000 persons)

1st imprisonment

1st imprisonment

Re-imprisonment Re-imprisonment

13

From White Paper on Crime (2013)

14

2013 Over 64 yrs 29.2%50 to 64 yrs 17.7%40 to 49 yrs 12.9%

30 to 39 yrs 11.7%

11.3%17.2%

20 to 29 yrsUnder 20 yrs

Elderly Female Prisoners(over 64 yrs) Newly Sent to Prisons

accounts for around 30 %

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

1984 89 93 98 03 08 130

100

（％）

14

From White Paper on Crime (2014)

Elderly Prisoners(1994 - 2013)

15

1994 1998 2003 2008 2013

New

pris

oner

s ov

er 6

4 ye

ars

old

Eld

er p

rison

ers

Rat

e

(persons)

Elder prisoners newly sent to the prisons(1994 – 2013)

From White Paper on Crime (2014)

THANK 　 YOUFOR 　 YOUR 　

ATTENTION

Mt. Fuji