YALTA CONFERENCE: FEBRUARY 1945 FDR, CHURCHILL, STALIN AGREED ON: United Nations International Peacekeeping organization Division of Germany Democratic

YALTA CONFERENCE: FEBRUARY 1945 FDR, CHURCHILL, STALIN AGREED ON: United Nations International Peacekeeping organization Division of Germany Democratic Elections for Poland German Prisoner of War Forced Labor

Met in a German city of Potsdam. - American concern that communism and soviet influence might spread in the postwar world. July 1945 TRUMAN, CHURCHILL, STALIN AMERICAN VIEW: We had fought to bring DEMOCRACY to the world Wanted an ECONOMICALLY strong and POLITICALLY open world to create MARKETS SOVIET VIEW: Wanted to rebuild to PROTECT interests SATTELITE NATIONS: countries subject to soviet domination

While the U.S and Soviets were allies during WWII they argued over military strategy MISTRUST - Development of the atomic bomb in the United States - Soviet spies had managed to steal the plans and Soviet scientists followed them closely. - -- Soviets saw it as a threat and began to develop a bomb of their own.

Became President in 1945 Ran again, successfully, in 1948. His family's financial problems kept him from attending a four-year college.

-Outlawed political parties that opposed communism - Jailed or killed opponents to ensure success of communist candidates - Every nation in Eastern Europe had a Soviet- friendly Communist government in place. - (under direct control of Stalin and Soviet Union) - Removing of Germans brutally. -Outlawed political parties that opposed communism - Jailed or killed opponents to ensure success of communist candidates - Every nation in Eastern Europe had a Soviet- friendly Communist government in place. - (under direct control of Stalin and Soviet Union) - Removing of Germans brutally.

American/British leaders did not want Eastern Europe to fall under a dictator. 1946- former British Prime Minister, CHURCHILL, went to US. March 5, delivered a speech attacking the Soviet Union for creating an IRON CURTAIN belief that communism had created a sharp division in Europe.

DEFINITION: The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world DEFINITION: The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world Stalin used Churchills speech to persuade his people that U.S. and Britain were ENEMIES Began to rebuild the Soviet Unions Military. Stalin used Churchills speech to persuade his people that U.S. and Britain were ENEMIES Began to rebuild the Soviet Unions Military.

American leaders needed a new policy to deal with the situation at hand Late 1940s, new policy CONTAINMENT: Provided economic aid to strengthen countries against the Soviets. GEORGE KENNAN- American diplomat and expert on Soviet Union

Kennan believed that the United States should resist Soviet attempts to expand its power and influence wherever those attempts occurred. -- not limited to military force. 1947 Truman informed Congress of an urgent need to provide emergency economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey (who were facing Soviet pressure)

Argued that providing aid would help both the Greek and Turkish govt resist Soviet Expansion. United States providing hundred of millions of dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey to fight Communist influence. In both countries, the Soviets did not succeed in gaining control.

In your groups, please split up the Truman Speech into four sections. Each person will read and outline one of these sections and report back to their classmates. You will then answer the questions as a group about the speech. Read the comments and quotes that were given to your group (split them up into 4)

Economic Problems with Greece were severe. Fighting was over, but people were continuing to suffer (hunger, poverty) AMERICANS felt moved to help and knew that if things became worse- Communism would spread. Marshall plan helped the United States build political support in Western Europe.

June 1947 George C. Marshall, former WWII military leader, and now secretary of state - speech at Harvard University Called for a massive American program of aid to help Europe rebuild and get back on its feet. 1948-1951- U.S. government spent over 13 billion in 17 diff countries. Food, farm equipment, rebuilt homes and factories Even offered aid to Stalin and his allies -- he refused.

After WWII, The allies had divided Germany into four zones of occupation - British - French - American in the western area - Soviet in the east. - The capital of Berlin, which lay within the Soviet zone, was divided into 4 zones After WWII, The allies had divided Germany into four zones of occupation - British - French - American in the western area - Soviet in the east. - The capital of Berlin, which lay within the Soviet zone, was divided into 4 zones

In June 1948, Stalin decided to blockade West Berlin. WHY?? Stalin is upset because the British, Americans, and French are ready to combine their zones and form West Germany BERLIN BLOCKADE- **How had West Berlin been supplied? Trains, trucks and waterways Stalin shuts those down: cant use them .Crisis begins

In your marking period groups brainstorm ALL possible solutions to this crisis. In addition, each group needs to come up with at least two advantages and disadvantages to each solution. When you have finished making this list, create a COLLINS II persuasion letter describing why your solution is the best.

2.1 million residents cut off from sources of food, coal, basic necessities Western powers could try to supply West Berlin by air. -- what would Soviets do? Decided to take the risk. Their hope for keeping West Berlin free was a massive air lift.

Within days, Britain and American airplanes were making deliveries to the people of West Berlin. Flew an average of 7,000 tons of supplies into West Berlin. LANDED, UNLOADED, TOOK OFF Built another airlift in the French sector of Berlin. In April 1949, nearly 1400 separate flights took place and 400,000 tons of supplies were delivered.

70 Americans and British citizens died in airplane crashes 5 German civilians on the ground were killed May 12, 1949, Soviet Union lifted the blockade. American British and French planes had made nearly 280,000 flights by then.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization --Provide a measure of security, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom joined together in a system of common defense in 1948. In April 1949 the United States and six other nations joined the original five to create a new military alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization --Provide a measure of security, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom joined together in a system of common defense in 1948. In April 1949 the United States and six other nations joined the original five to create a new military alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO.

Belgium, France,Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Portugal. According to the Treaty An armed attack against one of the member nations would be considered an attack against all. Mid 1950s Greece, Turkey, and West Germany joined.

11955 the Soviets established a new organization called the WARSAW PACT. MMilitary Alliance with the Soviet-dominated countries of Eastern Europe. TThese nations stood ready to defend each other and the Soviet Union. TTool that helped the Soviets solidify control in Eastern Europe.

NATO TODAY # of countries in NATO today WARSAW PACT DISSOLVES

1949- two events added greatly to nations anxiety Soviet Union possessed an atomic weapon Communism had gained control of China, the most populous country in world. Hydrogen Bomb over Korea

MASSIVE RETALIATION : Pledge that the United States would use overwhelming force against the Soviet Union, including nuclear weapons, to settle a serious conflict. CIA- Central Intelligence Agency formed in 1947 to collect information about and spy on foreign governments

CChoose any country in the world that you would like to spy on as a CIA agent -- name two things that you would want to know and find out, what you would do with that information, and your execution plan. (8 minutes) In your MPGs, discuss what your plan is, where you are going, and fears or dangers that you may encounter.

CONGLOMERATE: Corporation made up of three of more unrelated businesses. Large corporation that owns smaller companies that produce different goods and services Ex: FRANCHISE: The right to open a restaurant using a parent companys brand name and system Franchise owners assume less risk than small business owners and they sell a product that is well known and liked by the consumer.

Government Issue -- nickname for members of the armed forces. Provided money for veterans to attend college or receive advanced job training. Arranged for loans for those wishing to buy a home, far, or business. Goal: help veterans make a smooth entry into civilian life Government Issue -- nickname for members of the armed forces. Provided money for veterans to attend college or receive advanced job training. Arranged for loans for those wishing to buy a home, far, or business. Goal: help veterans make a smooth entry into civilian life

Helped millions of GIs return to civilian life Homes were bought College attendance increased Ended segregation in the U.S. armed forces. **Major step forward for African Americans

BABY BOOM -- a dramatic rise in the birthrate (2 decades following WWII) NEW HOMES -- Suburban developments LEVITTOWN, New York. OOffered suburban lifestyle to many AAfrican Americans not allowed BBuilt with necessities even TVs!!!! SSingle-family home at a reasonable price

2 will read about Senator Joseph McCarthy (481-482) Summarize, identify & define TTK 2 will read Korea before the War & the Start of the Korean War (484- 485) Summarize, identify & define TTK Compare knowledge with partner Share with other pair take notes! 2 will read about Senator Joseph McCarthy (481-482) Summarize, identify & define TTK 2 will read Korea before the War & the Start of the Korean War (484- 485) Summarize, identify & define TTK Compare knowledge with partner Share with other pair take notes!

2 will read about Senator Joseph McCarthy (657-658) Summarize, identify & define important terms 2 will read Korea before the War & the Start of the Korean War (653-655) Summarize, identify & define important terms Compare knowledge with partner Share with other pair take notes! 2 will read about Senator Joseph McCarthy (657-658) Summarize, identify & define important terms 2 will read Korea before the War & the Start of the Korean War (653-655) Summarize, identify & define important terms Compare knowledge with partner Share with other pair take notes!

Exposed rigid gender roles Showed that women were unfulfilled in roles as housewife Made it okay for women to speak about unhappiness

HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee - Investigate the full range of radical groups in the United States - 1947- Explore possible Communist influence in the American film industry HOLLYWOOD TEN- 10 actors/producers/writers

HOLLYWOOD TEN- 10 actors/producers/writers accused of radical political views Served jail time up to 12 months BLACKLIST a list from which all the major Hollywood employers refused to hire. Federal Employee Loyalty Program -- Created by TRUMAN -- All federal employees would be investigated --Anyone found disloyal to the U.S. would be barred from fed govt. -- 3 million investigated --200 judged disloyal

American Communists Accused of selling A-Bomb secrets to USSR Pleaded the 5 th Pablo Picasso do not let this crime against humanity take place Electrocuted in 1953 Julius guilty Ethel knew, but didnt take part

February 9, 1950 U.S. senator, McCarthy, went to West Virginia to deliver a speech in front of a Republican womens group. Topic: dangers of communism - Claimed that there were 205 known Communists working for the U.S. Department of State. - ~~Waved a list in front of the crowd saying it contained 57 names of Communists in the State Department. Wheeling, West Virginia

Americans easily believed his claims. He never produced the list of names he claimed to have. Senate committee looked into his charges and never found evidence of Communists in the State Department. Earned the reputation as the nations top Communist fighter. Went on attack; made new charges, again with no evidence. Herb Lock (cartoonist) called his tactic of spreading fear McCarthyism

Millard Tydings Maryland senator, one of Trumans strongest supporters. McCarthy tried to bring him downproduced fake photographs showing Tydings talking to the head of American Communist party. TYDINGS WAS defeated in this election. McCarthyism spread everywhere. FBI was investigating people who were questioned, etc. 1000s of people were fired for political views.

600 mile long Korean Peninsula lies between China and Japan. Since 1905 Korea had been under the control of the Japanese. At Yalta: the allied agreed the Korea should be free following the war. 38 th Parallel: Allies agreed to temporarily divide Korea into northern and southern parts. -- dividing line would be the parallel at 38 degrees north latitude NORTH- USSRSOUTH - AMERICA 6600 mile long Korean Peninsula lies between China and Japan. SSince 1905 Korea had been under the control of the Japanese. AAt Yalta: the allied agreed the Korea should be free following the war. 338 th Parallel: Allies agreed to temporarily divide Korea into northern and southern parts. --- dividing line would be the parallel at 38 degrees north latitude NNORTH- USSRSOUTH - AMERICA

June 25, 1950, 100,000 North Korean troops crossed the 38 th Parallel and invaded South Korea. Carried Soviet-made weapons Drove Soviet-made tanks Came as a surprise to U.S. Truman and World War II hero General Dwight D. Eisenhower felt the same. Truman ordered American naval and air forces to support South Korean ground troops.

THE UN voted unanimously in favor of the use of force. POLICE ACTION: U.S. never declared war. GOAL: UN forces formed a line around the port city of Pusan. Douglass MacArthurs plan make a landing behind North Korean lines at the port city of Inchon. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-relieves- macarthur-of-duties-in-korea

Inchon Landing: Led by Douglas MacArthur, --70,000 troops landed and held ground October 1: all of South Korea freed Challenge? Should they stop at the 38 th Parallel? MacArthur wanted to take all of North Korea and Truman supported the plan OOPS! 260,000 Chinese troops crossed the border! UN forces had to retreat to Seoul -- MacArthur called for bombing of the Chinese mainland --Truman fired MacArthur MacArthur

80,000 Americans wounded 14,000 Americans dead Ends in an Armistice Split NORTH- Communist SOUTH- Anti-Communist

Between 1945-1950 5 million television sets appeared in home By 1959 more than 40 million American had at least one set. In 1954 televised McCarthy hearing that finally gave the public the chance to see his disgraceful, bulling behavior. Advertising: one show sponsored, then commercials! Shifting to buying just one or two minute segments during shows to sell their products Programming: reflected 50s values (family, game shows) American Bandstand, I Love Lucy, - rock and roll music Between 1945-1950 5 million television sets appeared in home By 1959 more than 40 million American had at least one set. In 1954 televised McCarthy hearing that finally gave the public the chance to see his disgraceful, bulling behavior. Advertising: one show sponsored, then commercials! Shifting to buying just one or two minute segments during shows to sell their products Programming: reflected 50s values (family, game shows) American Bandstand, I Love Lucy, - rock and roll music

Mom: Stay home, cook, clean, create the perfect home Dad: Provide financially, disciplinarian Children: Obey! Be seen, not heard. Mom: Stay home, cook, clean, create the perfect home Dad: Provide financially, disciplinarian Children: Obey! Be seen, not heard.

Effects of violent content on young viewers TV industry promised that law enforcement would always appear in a positive light and criminals would be bad guys. Effects of violent content on young viewers TV industry promised that law enforcement would always appear in a positive light and criminals would be bad guys.

1951 congress passes 22 nd amendment President may only serve two terms Truman: eight years as president is long enough and sometimes too much for any man to serve in this capacity. Dwight Eisenhower & Richard Nixon(vice presidential running mate) Richard Nixon accused of having $18,000 as campaign gifts (not illegal, but accused of dishonesty) Nixon used new technology, TV, to give famous Checkers Speech Ticket wins 1953: Stalin dies, Nikita Khrushchev comes to power 1951 congress passes 22 nd amendment President may only serve two terms Truman: eight years as president is long enough and sometimes too much for any man to serve in this capacity. Dwight Eisenhower & Richard Nixon(vice presidential running mate) Richard Nixon accused of having $18,000 as campaign gifts (not illegal, but accused of dishonesty) Nixon used new technology, TV, to give famous Checkers Speech Ticket wins 1953: Stalin dies, Nikita Khrushchev comes to power

SUMMIT: meeting of the heads of government -- Americans and Soviets meet in Switzerland in 1955 Eisenhower proposed an open skies treaty Both countries would be able to fly over others territory to see military operations Soviets say no! (not a problem, we have the U-2 Plane and we sent it into Soviet airspace to inspect their military facilities) Americans still like Ike, re-elect him in 1956

SEATO - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, US. - Agreed to work together to resist communist aggression. SEATO - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, US. - Agreed to work together to resist communist aggression.

In partners Create a proposal for a new television program for the year 1952 that would fit into one of the categories that were popular during the time. Include an analysis explaining why they think their program would have been popular with 1950s audiences. You should include ideas for characters and plots.

What is the name of your television show? What is the plot? What is the purpose of the plot? Who are the characters? Why would this show be popular to audiences during this time?

Documents

YALTA CONFERENCE: FEBRUARY 1945 FDR, CHURCHILL, STALIN AGREED ON: United Nations International Peacekeeping organization Division of Germany Democratic