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Resident Trout Altered landscape and hatchery introgression (e.g. South Tacoma and Goldendale Hatcheries) probably contributed to a shift in life history expression of O. Mykiss in the Upper Yakima Basin favoring residency
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Yakima SteelheadYakima SteelheadVSP Project:VSP Project:
Resident/Anadromous Resident/Anadromous InteractionsInteractions
Gabriel M. Temple
1913 “Landlocked Steelhead”
Columbia Basin Steelhead in Columbia Basin Steelhead in the last 100+ yearsthe last 100+ years
Freshwater and Marine Image Bank
Resident TroutResident Trout
Altered landscape and hatchery introgression (e.g. South Tacoma and Goldendale Hatcheries) probably contributed to a shift in life history expression of O. Mykiss in the Upper Yakima Basin favoring residency
Reality in the YakimaReality in the Yakima
Decreased steelhead Increased resident rainbow trout Pearsons et al. 2007 spawning interactions Blankenship et al. 2009 genetic evidence of
spawning interactions EIT documented steelhead production
PIT TagsPIT Tags PIT tag growth studies North and Middle Fork Teanaway River Taneum Creek Tags were detected at Mainstem Dams
and bird colonies
Anadromous ProductionAnadromous Production
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
NFT MFT TAN
% P
IT D
etec
tions
Dow
nstr
eam
2007/20082008/20092009/2010
* Does not account for detection efficiency
Studies of Anadromous Studies of Anadromous Production from Resident Production from Resident
ParentsParents
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% A
nadr
omou
s
Grande Ronde, ID Sashin Creek, AK Cedar River, WA
Vanderhoe et al.
Thrower and Joyce
Marshall et al.
Why is this Important?Why is this Important? Resident/anadromous interactions is a critical
uncertainty identified in several recovery documents that could either facilitate or hinder steelhead recovery in the Yakima (e.g. Mid-C and Yakima Basin steelhead recovery plans, WDFW steelhead management plan, etc.)
Facilitate- If resident fish parents contribute substantially to steelhead production
Hinder- If resident/anadromous interaction reduces the proportion of migrants
Bottom line-We just do not know
R/A component-VSP ProjectR/A component-VSP Project
Determine how the interplay of life history forms will affect steelhead recovery efforts
ISAB (2005) recommends the interaction between life history forms should certainly be considered in Population Viability Analysis
Address this critical uncertainty
Ground WorkGround Work
Install Fixed PIT Tag Interrogation Sites– (adults in-juveniles out)
Expand PIT tagging (10,000 O. mykiss in upper Yakima Tributaries and Main stem)
Collecting bio-data on tagged juveniles Monitor migrants; sample the residents
R X R ProductionR X R Production Install PIT tag interrogation system upstream from
anadromous barriers PIT tag 1000 “landlocked steelhead” Monitor the Migrants Determine the rate of smolt production from RXR
crosses in main stem and tributary areas– *Do it now somewhere like Manastash to facilitate habitat effectiveness
monitoring of future actions (e.g. recolonization and increased anadromous production from increasing steelhead spawners)
– *appears to have met funding resistance
Todays ObjectiveTodays Objective
Get feed back on our Resident / Anadromous Work Plan
Study ObjectiveStudy Objective Identify survival bottlenecks Identify steelhead strongholds Prioritize future actions
Hypothetical Recovery Hypothetical Recovery TrajectoryTrajectory
0100200300400500600700800
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
2022
2028
2034
2040
2046
2052
Year
Stee
lhea
d A
dults
Roza AdultsTrendModeledGoal
Hypothetical Recovery Hypothetical Recovery TrajectoryTrajectory
0
50
100
150
200
250
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
Stee
lhea
d A
dults
0
20004000
6000
800010000
12000
Chi
nook
Adu
lts
SteelheadChinook
P = 0.02
Hypothetical Recovery Hypothetical Recovery TrajectoryTrajectory
0100200300400500600700800
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
2022
2028
2034
2040
2046
2052
Year
Stee
lhea
d A
dults
Roza AdultsTrendModeledGoal
NOAA’s 500 fish recovery target in 2058 (>500 spawnersfor 10 consecutive years)
People Love SteelheadPeople Love Steelhead
RCW 1.20.045 State fish. Adopted by the Legislature on March 18, 1969“The species of trout commonly called ‘steelhead trout’ (Salmo gairdnerii) is hereby designated as the official fish of the state of Washington.”
[1969 c 36 § 1.]1929
Well, at least Washingtonians do because:
