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Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)and Air Sea Battle (ASB) –impact on US-
Japan defense cooperation
Col. Yajima (JASDF)Col. Ikeda (JGSDF)
• Description of JOAC and ASB? • The impact of the application of JOAC to the Asia-Pacific region • Challenges of Japan-US defense cooperation under ASB Concept
TABLE OF CONTENTS2
Sustaining US Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense
(= New Defense Strategy)
- What is this document?
- How does it relate to other concepts?
- What are the main points of this document?
3
ASBC
Relationship between Joint Operation Concepts
GAMAJCEO
Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020
Sustaining Operation
NMSNew
Defense StrategicGuidance
4
Primary Missions of the U.S. Armed Forces① Counter Terrorism and Irregular Warfare ② Deter and Defeat Aggression③ Project Power to meet against A2/AD Challenges④ Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction⑤ Operate Effectively in Cyberspace and Space⑥ Maintain a Safe, Secure, and Effective Nuclear Deterrent⑦ Defend the Homeland and Provide Support to Civil Authorities⑧ Provide a Stabilizing Presence⑨ Conduct Stability and Counterinsurgency Operations⑩ Conduct Humanitarian, Disaster Relief, and Other Operations
A Challenging Global Security Environment・ Increasingly complex global security environment・ Necessity to rebalance towards the Asia – Pacific Region・ Continued presence and support for the Middle East also necessary・ Continuing to lead global effort and assure access to global commons necessrary
5
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020
- What is this document?
- How does it relate to other concepts?
- What are the main points of this concept?
6
ASBC
Relationship between Joint Operation Concept
GAMAJCEO
Joint Operation Access Concept
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020
Sustaining Operation
NMSNew
Defense StrategicGuidance
* Globally Integrated Operation
7
Becoming Globally Integrated
① Command US missions globally② Seize, retain and exploit the opportunity③ Global agility④ Partnership⑤ Flexibility in establishing Joint Forces⑥ Cross-domain synergy⑦ Use of flexible, low-signature capabilities⑧ Increasingly discriminatory to minimize unintended consequences
8
Joint Operation Access Concept (JOAC)
-What is this document?
-How does this relate to other concepts?
-What are the main points of this concept?
9
ASBC
Relationship between Joint Operation Concept
GAMAJCEO
Joint Operation Access Concept
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020
Sustaining Operation
NMSNew
Defense StrategicGuidance
10
*Cross domain synergy
Basic idea● Cross-domain synergy● Operational Access Precepts ・ Gain access to requirements and broader mission ・ Prepare the operational area in advance ・ Consider a variety of basing options ・ Seize the initiative through multiple and independent operations ・ Gain advantage in one or more domains, disrupting adversaries’ A2/AD efforts ・ Disrupting reconnaissance and surveillance of adversaries ・ Create pockets of local domain superiority for penetration ・ Maneuver directly toward key objective from strategic distance ・ Attack enemy’s A2/AD defense in depth ・ Maximize surprise ・ Protect space and cyber capabilities while attacking enemy’s
11
ASBC
Relationship between JOAC and ASB
GAMAJCEO
Joint Operation Access Concept
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020
Sustaining Operation
NMSNew
Defense StrategicGuidance
12
- Progress of ASBC
- Purpose and character of ASBC
- The central idea of ASBC - Diagram of an operation based on ASBC
Air-Sea Battle Concept
13
ProgressTIME EVENT
2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination
Sep 2009 CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish JASBC
Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010
May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published reports on JASBC
Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”
Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”
Feb CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in an era of Uncertainty”
Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”
Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”
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ProgressTIME EVENT
2009 Then-Defense Secretary Robert Gates directed the examination
Sep 2009 CSAF and CNO signed the memorandum to establish JASBC
Feb 2010 First appearance as Joint Air-Sea Battle in QDR2010
May, Aug, 2010 CSBA published two reports on JASBC
Nov 2011 Establishment of ASB Office, Announced “The ASBC Summary”
Jan 2012 Announced “Defense Strategic Guidance” and “JOAC”
Feb CSAF and CNO announced “Air-Sea Battle: Promoting Stability in an era of Uncertainty”
Jun ASB Office announced “Air-Sea Battle : Clearing the Fog”
Sep Gen. Dempsey announced “CCJO: Joint Force 2020”
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・ Maintain U.S. access to the global commons
・ keep the power projection capability, maintain freedom of mission under A2/AD environment
Character
・ NOT a strategy, or a doctrine・ A limited operational concept ・ NOT a concept aimed at any particular potential adversary・ NOT a new concept, but an advanced joint operation concept using cross-domain operations
Purpose
Purpose and Characer of ASB16
The central idea of ASBC
NIA-3D
: Maintain cross domain network
: Organize appropriate units among all Forces
Networked
Integrated
Attack-in-depth
Disrupt adversary's C4ISR networks
Destroy adversary’s A2/AD systems
Defeat weapons launched by adversary
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Collect TGTInformation
TGT information
TGT information
Example of an operation based on ASBC
Order of Attack
AWACS
Order of Attack
Submarine Adversary shipswww.mod.go.jp
www.af.mil
Stealth Fighter
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Operation Center
The implementation of the JOAC to the Asia-Pacific region
• Impact to the US defense posture in the Asia-
Pacific
• Japan’s Role
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OPTIONS
Advantage Challenge Provision Japan’s role
O-1Strengthen
Present Bases
Maximal ReadinessContinuous ISR Allies Cooperation Less POL challenges
Risks ProtectionStrengthen Protection
O-2Disaggregate/
maximum forward deployment
Disperse risks Host nationC2
Host nation coord.Long range Comms. and TransportationTraining site
Accept additional deploymentMore protection
O-3Disaggregate/
minimum forward deployment
Minimal risk
ReadinessDeterrenceHost nationC2
Rapid deployment > Transportation > Long Range ISR and attacking measure > ASW > BMD- bases, ships > Robust Cyber, Space capabilityTraining siteHost nation coord.
Ensure use basesKeep U.S. suppliesMore protection
* Integrated doctrine, tactics, network
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C2= Command and Control
Deployment in the Asia-Pacific Region
ARMY NAVY Air Force Marine Corps 21
Darwin
Marine Corps moves units from Okinawa to Guam and Hawaii, and make rotation through Darwin, Australia
GuamHawaii
Okinawa
Main island Japan
ROK
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Anticipated role and the Challenges of Japan
To enhance reliability as a US foothold
anti-A2/AD capability, Networked JSDF – U.S. force
Reviewing the Japan National Defense Program Guideline
Reviewing the Japan-U.S. Guidelines for defense cooperation
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Japan-U.S. defense Cooperation
Under the Air-Sea Battle Concept
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Table of Contents
・ Challenges or problems of ASBC in the U.S. military
・ Importance of ASBC in the the Western Pacific
・ The Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC
・ Challenges of Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC
・ Conclusion
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Challenges or problems about ASBC in the U.S. military
・ There is a possibility that the Air-Sea Battle Concept could suffer from the negative effects of parochialism.
・ ASBC may not be given top priority, concerns over its probability.
・ Develop more high-level “jointness”
25
Importance of ASBC in the Western Pacific
・ The Western Pacific is one of the regions where an adversary can establish an A2/AD environment with relative ease.
1 The main operational area is air and sea
2 The U.S. military does limited strategic depth.
3 The distance between the U.S. mainland and the Western Pacific is very far.
4 There are countries with A2/AD capability
5 Most of U.S. forward bases and allies’ bases are in range of potential adversary ballistic missiles
The Western Pacific Geostrategic Considerations
Japan is located between mainland of Asia and the US.Japan has bilateral operation capability.
・ Japan-US Cooperation is important
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Scenario Reduction Influence and analysis
1$350 ~ $40
0billion
U.S. military remains capable of addressing a wide range of possible threats around the world by pursuing “High-Low-New” modernization plan.The risks are modest and acceptable
2$500 ~ $55
0billion
Under a reduced capability, U .S. military can manage its global mission. But U.S. has to prioritize regions The risks are significant but acceptable
3$650 ~ $70
0billion
U.S. military reduce forward maritime presence. U.S. can maintain it’s presence only in selected regions (Western Pacific, Indian Ocean, Middle East, Arabian Gulf)The risks are high
4$800 ~
$850billion
U.S. has to alter global engagement strategy significantly. U.S. can protect its interests only in Asia and Middle East. But Asian allies and partners question the credibility of U.S. security guarantees. The risks are very high
4 scenarios of defense budget cut
Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC
Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security
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Services Reduction Capabilities
NAVALForces
Total cut 8%Reduce CVN (11 →10), Amphibious Ships, Attack Submarine(Virginia-class),Cruiser, LSC, Eliminate future procurement of F-18Lose mine hunting and sweeping capabilities
Air ForcesTotal cut 8%Reduce F-35, MQ-4, Strategic Aircraft, V-22 Osprey Eliminate future procurement of F-16
Ground Forces
Total cut 16% Army 520000 →430000, Marine 187000 →150000Shrinking Army's heavy Capability, GCV, JLTV, JTRS, GMR, Cancel F-35 B,
Defense-WideActivities
Total cut 64% Base support, DOD Civilian, Intelligence, Missile Defense, R&D
NoN DODActivities
Total cut 4% Atomic Energy Defense activities, Other Defense-Related Activities
Reduction capability in scenario 4
Influence of defense budget cut on ASBC
Reference: Hard Choice by center for New American Security
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Challenges for Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC
Policy Level
・ Japan should support the Air-Sea Battle Concept, and share
the burden as much as possible.
・ Japan should be more involved in the implementation process
and share the contents to the National Defense Program
Guideline and the Mid-Term Defense Program with US in a
timely manner.
29
Challenges for Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC
Policy Level
・ Japan has to build the foundation of executing Air-Sea Battle operations.
- Build the political and legal framework which enables Japan to execute
the use of force out of Japanese territory.
- Strengthen Japan-US bilateral operational capability.
・ Execute Air-Sea Battle operations in the Western pacific with other US allies and
partners is important.
・ The Jieitai has to develop jointness and overcome the parochialism among its
three services.
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Category Japan-US military Cooperation
Networked・ Establish network system to share situational awareness of cross-domain operation.
Integrated・ Establish real time communication system among headquarters and all domain assets. ・ Prepare all kinds of scenarios and exercises
Attackin-depth
Disrupt ・ Promote cooperation in the cyber field.
Destroy・ Maintain mission flexibility (Japan should strengthen an attack capability )
Defeat・ Increase the reliability and operational capability of missile defense.・ Increase survivability of the bases
Challenges for Japan-U.S. defense cooperation under ASBC
Tactical Level
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Conclusion
・ ASBC is necessary for the US to rebalance toward the Asia-Pacific region.
・ To execute ASB operations in the Western Pacific, Japan-U.S. cooperation is necessary.
・ To execute cooperation successfully, the Jieitai will have to overcome its challenges.
・ The Jieitai's operational performance will improve dramatically.
・ Japan-US cooperation under the Air-Sea battle Concept will be a great deterrence to adversaries in the Asia-Pacific region
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