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The Histone Code

Nucleosomes, the basic structural unit of chromatin , are octamers composed of four pairs of histone

proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) 回 In addition to their role in packaging DNA, histones play an impo內ant

role in gene regulation by modulating the accessibility of DNA. Covalent post-translational modifications to

the tails of histone proteins can reversibly affect gene expression by modifying their interaction with DNA

and other nuclear proteins. The major modifications include methylation, acetylation , phosphorylation ,

ubiquitination, sumoylation , citrullination and ADP-ribosylation . These modifications can have either

activating or repressive e仟ects on the expression of surrounding genes, depending upon which histone

residue receives the pa內icular modification. The combination of these modifications and the resulting effect

on gene expression is referred to as the 叭 Histone Code."

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Kinases

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Ubiquitin Ligases

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C' C tenninus

Cellular functions of methylated histone

Histone H3 H4

Site K4 K9 K27 K36 K79 K20

mono-Me Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon silencing

di-Me DNA repair Transcriptional Transcriptional represslon represslon

Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Heterochromatin

tri-Me actlvatlon 間p陀sSlon silencing formation

Heterochromatin X inactivation formation

Histone H3 H4

Site R2 R8 R17 R3

Deposition of Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional methylation H3K4 represslon actlvabon actlvatlon

trimethylation

Cellular functions of phosphorylated histone

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Cellular functions of acetylated histone

Histone H2A H2B H4

Site K5 K12 K15 K5 K8 K12

Transcriptional T ranscri ptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon activation and actlvatlon actlvatlon

Function DNA replication elongation DNA repair DNA repair & repair DNA repair Histone

Histone deposition deposition

Histone H3

Site K9 K14 K18 K23 K27

Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional Transcriptional actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon actlvatlon

Function DNA repair RNA pollll DNA replication transcnptlon & repair

DNA repair

Cellular functions of ubiquitinated histone

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Histone 1 æCitation

M~ fIlI.1J!J]曲曲1m) 罷甜聞扭 l1nn盟國區GTX63706 Histone H1 .o antibody [EPR6537] Hu ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX114462 Histone H1 antibody Hu. Ms ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

æGTX21938 Histone H1 antibody Hu. Ms. Ral. Other ICC/IF, IP, WB, IHC

Un~ t GTX117336 Histone H1 antibody [N1C3] Pipeline Product

GTX122561 Histone H1 .2 antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

GTX121670 Histone H1 .4 antibody [N1N2], N-term Hu IHC-P, WB

GTX117438 Testis-specific H1 histone antibody Hu WB

Ac ~ t GTX88oo6 Histone H1 (acetyl Lys25) antibody Hu ELlSA, IHC, WB

Ph ~ ÞGTX121669 Histone H1 .4 (phospho Ser35) antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

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Histone H I.2 antibody (GTXI22S61): Histone H I.2 antibody (GTXI22S61): IHC analysis 01 paraffin-embedded 印刷個 IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-fixed

HeLa, using Histone H1.2(GTX122561) antibody (Green) at 1 :500 dilution Alpha-tubulin filaments were labeled with GTX11304 (Red) at 1 :2000

Histone HI.4 (phospho Ser3S) antibody (GTXI21669) WB analysis 01 sample (A) Acid-extracted histones Irom HeLa cell (B) Acid-extracted histones Irom HeLa cell treated Nocodazole

Histone 2A æCitation

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GTX102o73 Histone H2A.V antibody Ms WB

。GTX108272 Histone H2A.X antibody Hu ICC/IF, WB, ELlSA-Ag , IHC

GTX127343 Histone H2A.X antibody Zfsh IHC-Wm

GTX62983 Histone H2A.X antibody [EPR895] Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC-M, IHC早， WB

Un GTX108298 Histone H2A.Z antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

GTX108273 Histone H2A.Z antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB, ChlP

GTX63622 Histone H2A.Z antibody [EPR6172] Hu, Ms, Rat IHC, WB

GTX116234 Macro H2A.2 antibody [N3C3] Hu, Ms IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF

GTX81 004 Histone H2A type 1-H antibody, N-term Hu ELlSA, IHC, WB

GTX128961 Histone H2A.2 (acetyl Lys5) antibody Hu 00ιBI仗， ICC/IF, WB, IP

Ac GTX61409 Histone H2A acetyl K5 [EP856Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC-M, IHC早， IP ， WB

GTX59544 Histone H2a (acetyl) antibody Hu, Ms, Rat IHC, IP, WB

GTX628789 Histone H2A.X (phospho S139) antibody [GT2311] Hu, Ms ICC/IF, IP, WB

GTX127340 Histone H2A.X (phospho Ser139) antibody Hu, Ms ICC/IF, WB

Ph GTX127342 Histone H2A.X (phospho Ser139) antibody Zfsh IHC ， IHC早， IHC-Wm

。GTX61796 Histone H2A.X phospho S139 [EP854(2)Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

。GTX80694 Histone H2A.X (phospho Ser139) antibody [3F2] Hu, Ms ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB

Histone 3 æCitation

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æGTX122148 Histone H3 antibody Hu WB, ELlSA-Ag

GTX27031 Histone H3 [H3-P] antibody Hu ELlSA, FACS, ICC/IF, WB

Un4 t GTX10543 Histone H3 [HTA28] an~body Hu, Ms, Other FACS, ICC/IF, WB

GTX27834 Histone H3 antibody Hu, Bov IP, WB

GTX112955 Histone H3.3 an~body Hu, Ms, Rat IHC-P, WB

æGTX115549 Histone H3.3B antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

æGTX509o2 Histone H3 (mono-meth叭 Lys4) antibody [MABI0302] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

æGTX121915 Histone H3 di-methyl K4 antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, WB, ChlP

GTX61105 Histone H3 di-methyl K4 [Y47] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

æGTX50897 Histone H3 (tri-methyl Lys4) an~body [MABI03叫 Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

GTX12177 Histone H3 mono-methyl K9 antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other IHC-P, WB

M~ ÞGTX50899 Histone H3 (di-methyl Lys9) antibody [MABI0307] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

æGTX509oo Histone H3 (tri-methyl Lys9) an~body [MABI0308] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

GTX124113 Histone H3 (di-methyl Arg17) an~body Hu Oot, IHC-P, WB

æGTX121184 Histone H3 tri-methyl 他7 an~body Hu WB, ELlSA-Ag

æGTX509o1 Histone H3 (tri-methyl Lys27) antibody [MABI0323] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

æGTX509o8 Histone H3 (tri-methyl Lys36) antibody [MABI0333] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

æGTX12178 Histone H3 acetyl K9 antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other ICC/IF, WB

GTX61103 Histone H3 acetyl K9 [Y48] antibody Hu. Ms ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

æGTX12179 Histone H3 acetyl K9 [AH3-12o] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other ELlSA, ICC/IF, IHC, WB

æGTX50898 Histone H3 (acetyl Lys9) an~body [MABI0305] Hu ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

GTX61520 Histone H3 acetyl K14 [EP964Y] antibody Hu. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

GTX128943 Histone H3 (acetyl Lys18) antibody Hu Oot, ICC/IF, WB Ac

GTX61387 Histone H3 acetyl K18 [EP959Y] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX88017 Histone H3 (acetyl Lys23) antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ELlSA, ICC/IF, WB

GTX128944 Histone H3 (acetyl Lys27) antibody Hu Oot, ICC/IF, WB, IP

æGTX509o3 Histone H3 (acetyl Lys27) antibody [MABI0309] Hu ELl8A, ICC/IF, WB, ChlP

GTX61388 Histone H3 acetyl K27 [EP865Y] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX61722 Histone H3 acetyl K56 [EPR996Y] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX61749 Histone H3 phospho T3 [EP17902Y] antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX128116 Histone H3 (phospho 8er1o) antibody Hu. Ms ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

GTX61067 Histone H3 phospho 810 [E173] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

Ph GTX128953 Histone H3 (phospho 8er28) antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

GTX13924 Histone H3 phospho 828 [117C826] antibody Hu WB

GTX61814 Histone H3.3 phospho 828+831 [EP1874Y] antibody Hu WB

GTX62224 Histone H3.3 phospho 831 [EPR1873] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

Ac GTX12181 Histone H3 phospho 810, acetyl K9 antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other ICC/IF, WB

Ph GTX12180 Histone H3 phospho 810, acetyl 附 [APH3-64] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other ELl8A, IP, WB

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一、;. .; ."~. '~' .1 :', ~ J，.: Histone H2A,x antibody (GTXI08272): Histone H2A.Z antibody (GTXI08298): IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-fixed IHC analysis 01 para何n-embedded SCC4 U20S, using Histone H2Ax(GTX108272) xenograft antibody (Geen) at 1 :500 dilution. Alpha-tubulin filaments were labeled with GTX 11304 (Red) at 1 :2000

Histone 28

Histone H2A.X (phospho 8er139) antibody (GTXI27340): WB analys吧。I sample (A) HCT116 control Ohr (B) HCT116 treated with 30uM cisplatin lor 24hr

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GTX21790 Histone H2B antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other ChIP, ICC/IF, WB

GTX29408 Histone H2B antibody Hu, Ms, Rat, Other IP, WB

GTX61374 Histone H2B antibody Hu, Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

Un GTX61423 Histone H2B [EP819Y] antibody Hu, Ms IHC, IP, WB

GTX61455 Histone H2B [EP957Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

GTX61979 Histone H2B type 1 B [EP2327] antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX115955 Histone H2B type 10 antibody Hu IHC-P, WB

GTX128963 Histone H2B (acetyl Lys5) antibody Hu Oot, ICC/IF, WB

GTX61384 Histone H2B acetyl K5 [EP857Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

GTX61377 Histone H2B acetyl K12 [EP858Y] antibody Hu ICC/IF, IHC, WB

Ac GTX88011 Histone H2B (acetyl Lys12) antibody Hu, Ms ELl8A, ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX61756 Histone H2B acetyl K15 [EP955Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX128962 Histone H2B (acetyl Lys2o) antibody Hu Oot, ICC/IF, WB, IP

GTX61427 Histone H2B acetyl K20 [EP859Y] antibody Hu, Ms, Rat FAC8, ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

Histone H2B (acetyl LysS) antibody (GTX I 28963): IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells. O.4M TSA-treated lor 18hr Green: Histone H2日 (acetyl Lys5) antibody (GTX128963) diluted at 1 :500 Red : alpha Tubulin antibody [GT114) (GTX628802) diluted at 1 :500 Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining

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Histone H2B type ID an討body (GTXIIS9SS): IHC analysis 01 paraffin-embedded H1299 xenograft

Histone H2B (acetyl Lys20) antibody (GTXI28962): IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells. O.4M TSA-treated lor 18hr Green: Histone H2B (acetyl Lys20) antibody (GTX128962) diluted at 1:500 Red: alpha Tubulin antibody [GT114) (GTX628802) diluted at 1 :500 Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining

Ac: Ace紗lation Me : Methylation Ph : PhosphoηIlation

Histone H3 antibody (GTXI22148): IHC analysis 01 paraffin-embedded Hela xenograft

Histone 4

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Histone H3 (di-Methyl L ys4) antibody (GTXI219IS): ChlP analysis on GAPDH gene locus with cross-linked chromatin from HeLa cells

廬山區 EEtM缸"開 ",.r; ，~r;r; -:" .. Un GTX10629 Histone H4 antibody IHC-P, IP, WB

GTX61421 Histone H4 acetyl K5 [EP1oooy] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

GTX88oo5 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys5) antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ELl8A, ICC/IF, IHC, WB

GTX128957 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys8) antibody Hu Oot, ICC/IF, WB, IP

GTX61411 Histone H4 acetyl K8 [EP1oo2] antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC, IP, WB

GTX88oo3 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys12) antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ELl8A, ICC/IF, IHC, WB

Ac GTX63069 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys16) antibody [EPR1oo4] Hu. Ms. Rat ICC/IF, IHC-M, IHC-P, WB

GTX88oo4 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys16) antibody Hu. Ms. Rat ELl8A, ICC/IF, IHC

GTX122653 Histone H4 (acetyl Lys6, Lys9, Lys13, Lys17) antibody Hu. Ms. Rat D仗， ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB

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GTX40617 Histone H4 (acetyl) antibody Mamm, Plnts, Zfsh, ELl8A, ICC/IF, IP, WB, ChlP

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GTX128959 Histone H4 (mono methyl Lys2o) antibody Hu D仗， ICC/IF ， WB

Me GTX76044 Histone H4 個 i methyl Lys2o) antibody [2B8] WB

GTX128960 Histone H4 (tri methyl Lys2o) antibody Hu D仗， ICC/IF ， WB

Histone H4 (acetyl Lys8) antibody (GTXI289S7): IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells Green: Histone H4 (acetyl Lys8) antibody (GTX128957) diluted at 1:500 Red : alpha Tubulin antibody [GT114] (GTX628802) diluted at 1 :500 Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining

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Histone H3 (phospho 8erJO) antibody (GTXJ 281 J 6): WB analysis 01 (A) U20S whole cell Iysate (untreated) , (B) U20S whole cell Iysatel extract (serum deprivation lor 48hr) & (C) U20S whole celllysate/extract (100ngl ml Nocodazole treatment lor 24hr 15 % SDS-PAGE

Histone H4 (acetyl Ly菇， Ly錯， L ys12, Lys 16) antibody (GTXI226S3): IHC analysis 01 paraffin-embedded Breast ca

Histone H4 (tri methyl Lys20) antibody (GTXJ28960): IFA analysis 01 paralormaldehyde-lixed HeLa cells Green: Histone H4 (tri methyl Lys20) antibody (GTX128960) diluted at 1:500 Red: alpha Tubulin antibody [GT114] (GTX628802) diluted at 1 :500 Blue: Hoechst 33342 staining

Your Expertise • Our Antibodies .Accelerated Discovery