ludoM edoK

EVP . PTK 02 3- 03

YNU kinkeT satlukaF fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ

NARAJALEBMEP ISAULAVE PAKIS AD N EK P IR IDAB NA ( ITCEFFA F )

: nusuyneP

.T.M ,.dP.M ,ibutraM

)4 PS( naraggnagneP nad margorP nanusuyneP naanacnereP metsiS fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ

mepoN reb 002 4

2

RATNAGNEP ATAK

luduj nagned ludoM isaulavE narajalebmeP nad pakiS eK idabirp na ( itceffA f ) nataigek malad naudnap iagabes nakanugid ini

utas halas kutnebmem kutnu hailuk bus - :utiay ,isnetepmok “ imahameM

nakparenem tapad nad pesnok narajalebmep isaulave nad pakiS

naidabirpeK ( itceffA f nem kutnu ) rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit nakutne

awsis “. nakanugid tapad ini ludoM igab hailuk atresep aumes saulavE i i

narajalebmeP retsemes id 5 adap nakididneP nasuruJ fitomotO kinkeT

.atrakaygoY iregeN satisrevinU kinkeT satlukaF

nakijasid ini ludom adaP rasad pesnok metsiS saulavE i

narajalebmeP ( naidabirpeK nad pakiS itceffA f). sata iridret ini ludoM aud

.rajaleb nataigek :gnatnet sahabmem 1 rajaleb nataigeK naitregneP

E isaulav ( naidabirpeK nad pakiS itceffA f ) atres kujnuteP aynnaanaskaleP .

nataigeK :gnatnet sahabmem 2 rajaleb naialineP S kinkeT nagned paki

noN - seT .

awsisaham hadum nagned ini ludom irajalepmem tapad kutnU

gnatnet namahamep nad nauhategnep iaynupmem halet nakparahid

pesnok - gnay rasad pesnok k amaturet ini lah malad ,ayngnajnunem pesno

gnatnet nakididneP umlI ratnagneP nad .nakididneP igolokisP

,atrakaygoY mepoN reb 002 4

nusuyneP

.T.M ,.dP.M ,ibutraM

3

LUDOM ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUPMAS NAMALAH .......................................... ................................. . 1 RATNAGNEP ATAK ............................................................................. 2

ISI RATFAD .......................................................................................... 3 / NAHALITSIREP YRASSOLG .... . ......................................................... 5

NAULUHADNEP . I ................................................................................. 6

ispirkseD .A ......... ..................................................... ................... . ....... 6

taraysarP .B ......................................................................................... 6

ludoM naanuggneP kujnuteP .C .......................................................... 7

b kujnuteP .1 awsisaham iga .......................................................... 7

.2 igab kujnuteP nesod ............ ...................................................... 7

rihkA naujuT .D ...................................................... ...................... . ..... 8

.E isnetepmoK . ... ............................................................................. . .. 8

............................................................................ naupmameK keC .F 9

JALEBMEP .II NARA ...................................................................... . .... . .. 01

awsisahaM rajaleB anacneR .A ......................................................... 01

rajaleB nataigeK .B .................................................. ........................... 01

1 rajaleB nataigeK .1 ............. ........................................................ 01

nataigek naujuT .a rajaleb 1 ...................... . ........................ .... .. . 01

iretam naiarU .b ... .......... ........................................... . ................ . 11

1 namukgnaR .c ..................................................... ................... .. 15

1 saguT .d .................................................................................. . 18

1 fitamrof seT .e .................................................... ..................... . 18

bawaj icnuK .f set 1 fitamrof .. . ................................................... . 18

4

namalaH

2 rajaleB nataigeK .2 ............................. .............................. .......... . 12

2 rajaleb nataigek naujuT .a . .......... ............................................ 12

2 iretam naiarU .b ....................................................................... 12

2 namukgnaR .c ........... .............................................................. . 23

2 saguT .d .................................................................................. . 33

fitamrof seT .e 2 ... ...................................................................... . 43

bawaj icnuK .f set fitamrof 2 ............... ...................................... .. 43

ISAULAVE .III .............................................................................. ...... .. 36

naaynatreP .A ...................... .......................................................... .. 36

nabawaJ icnuK .B ............................................................................ . 36

nasululeK airetirK .C ........................................................ ..... . ........ .. 04

EP .VI N PUTU ....................................................................................... .. 14

AKATSUP RATFAD ............................................................................ . 24

5

HALITSIREP / NA YRASSOLG

fitceffA halada : kepsa naidabirpek nad pakis .moolB imonoskat malad

tseT edutittA pakis rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay pakis alaks halada :

/naujutesek takgnit gnatnet naataynrep halmujes isireb ,gnaroeses

t gnaroeses naujuteskaditek .keybo utaus padahre

tsiL kcehC : surah gnay naataynrep/naaynatrep ratfad haubes halada

.) V ( kec adnat irebmem arac nagned isiid

fitingoC : halada nauhategnep kepsa oskat malad iroet nasadrecek / -

.moolB imon

isaulavE aisenodnI halitsi halada : ad r i noitaulave nakhamejretid gnay

.naialinep nagned

narukugneP utas nagned utauses nakgnidnabmem sesorp halada :

.) fitatitnauk tafisreb ( utnetret naruku

naialineP lisah padahret nasutupek nalibmagnep sesorp halada :

ret irogetak utaus nagned narukugnep .) fitatilauk tafisreb ( utnet

kirotomokisP kepsa: .moolB imonoskat malad nalipmaretek

elacS gnitaR 0 : lasim ,)roks nairebmep( narukugnep alaks halada : - 001

6

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

ispirkseD .A ludoM luduj nagned jalebmeP isaulavE nara nad pakiS

naidabirpeK ( fitceffA ) i rasad pesnok gnatnet sahabmem in isaulavE

gnay narajalepatam kutnu amaturet rajagnem rajaleb sesorp malad

naidabirpek nad pakis padahret isaulave nakhutubmem awsis gnay

gnadib id aynnaparenep malad iapmujid kaynab naurujek nakididnep

.kinket :pukacnem irajalepid gnay iretaM isaulave metsis naitregneP

( naidabirpeK nad pakiS itceffA f ,aynnaanaskaleP kujnuteP atres ) nad

noN kinkeT nagned pakiS naialineP - .seT

sata iridret ini ludoM aud rajaleb nataigek . 1 rajaleb nataigeK

:gnatnet sahabmem naitregneP E isaulav naidabirpeK nad pakiS

( itceffA f .aynnaanaskaleP kujnuteP atres ) 2 rajaleb nataigeK

:gnatnet sahabmem noN kinkeT nagned pakiS naialineP - .seT

. kgnelid ulales rajaleb nataigek paites adaP hotnoc nagned ipa –

fitakilpa hotnoc atreseb nad sagut nahital - kutnu aynulrepes nahital

.nakparahid gnay isnetepmok iapacnem malad awsisaham utnabmem

nahurulesek araces ini ludom irajalepmem iaseles haleteS

nakparahid awsisaham us iaynupmem isnetepmok b “ nad imahameM

nakparenem tapad pesnok irpeK nad pakiS narajalebmep isaulave -

( naidab itceffA f awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit nakutnenem kutnu ) .“

taraysarP .B iretam isireb ini ludoM - iretam nagnukud nakulremem gnay iretam

al gnay ni iretam nupadA .aynmulebes irajalepid halet aynitsemes -

let aynsurahes gnay rasad iretam hailuk atresep helo imahafid ha id

pesnok halada amaturet fitomotO kinkeT nakididneP nasuruJ rasad

: gnatnet nakididneP umlI ratnagneP nad .nakididneP igolokisP

7

ludoM naanuggneP kujnuteP .C

awsisahaM igab kujnuteP .1 malad akam ,lamiskam gnay rajaleb lisah helorepid ragA

ulrep gnay rudesorp aparebeb ada ini ludom nakanuggnem

: nial aratna nakanaskalid nad ,nakitahrepid

d imahaf nad halacaB .a pesnok naiaru amaskes nagne - pesnok

alup imahaf naidumek ,ini ludom adap nakijasid gnay sitiroet

pesnok naparenep - hotnoc malad tubesret pesnok - hotnoc fitakilpa .

asib muleb nad salej gnaruk gnay iretam ada hisam askapret aliB

d imahafid ne aham arap kiab nag nakaynanem tapad awsis

.nahailukrep nataigek upmagnem gnay nesod adapek

sagut paites nakajrek aboC .b set nad araces )nahital laos( fitamrof

raseb aparebes iuhategnem kutnu nakduskamid ini lah ,iridnam

dahret awsisaham paites ikilimid halet gnay namahamep pa

iretam - .rajaleb nataigek paites adap sahabid gnay iretam

iretam iasaugnem muleb awsisaham aynnaataynek malad alibapA .c

nad acabmem igal ignalu aboc ,nakparahid gnay level adap

nahital igal nakajregnem - halaynatreb ulrep ualak nad aynnahital

nesod adapek gnay nahailukrep nataigek upmagnem gnay

nakulremem natukgnasreb gnay iretam ualaK .natukgnasreb

taraysarp awhab naknikay akam )taraysarp( lawa namahamep

raneb duskamid gnay - .ihunepid hadus raneb

nesoD igaB kujnuteP .2 ep nataigek paites malaD nad sagut iaynupmem nesod ,nahailukr

: kutnu narep

a. .rajaleb sesorp nakanacnerem malad awsisaham utnabmeM

b. sagut iulalem awsisaham gnibmibmeM - nahital uata sagut - nahital

.rajaleb bahat malad naksalejid gnay

8

c. nad urab pesnok imahamem malad awsisaham utnabmeM

.nakulrepid alibapa awsisaham naaynatrep bawajnem

d. gnay nial rajaleb rebmus seskagnem kutnu awsisaham utnabmeM

.nakulrepid

e. .nakulrepid akij kopmolek rajaleb nataigek risinagrogneM

f. .nakulrepid akij gnipmadnep nesod/ilha gnaroes nakanacnereM

g. aulave nakadagneM aham isnetepmok naiapacnep padahret is -

.nakutnetid halet gnay awsis aynnaanaskalep tubesret isaulavE

.rajaleb nataigek rihka paites adap

rihkA naujuT .D

ludom malad rajaleb nataigek iretam hurules irajalepmem haleteS

nakparahid awsisaham ini tapad : “ nakparenem tapad nad imahameM

pesnok ( naidabirpeK nad pakiS narajalebmep isaulave itceffA f kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit nakutnenem .“

isnetepmoK .E

ludoM 302 KTP.PVE -0 luduj nagned 3 isaulavE narajalebmePnad pakiS ( naidabirpeK fitceffA ) akgnar malad nususid ini

kutnebmem bus - isnetepmok “ nakparenem tapad nad imahameM

pesnok ( naidabirpeK nad pakiS narajalebmep isaulave itceffA f kutnu )

awsis rajaleb nalisahrebek takgnit nakutnenem .“ iapacnem kutnU bus - surah uluhad hibelret ,tubesret isnetepmok

bus iapacid tapad - aynajrek kujnu airetirk atreseb isnetepmok bus

iagabes narajalebmep kokop iretam nagned rajaleb pukgnil iulalem

tukireb :

9

F . naupmameK keC

irajalepmem mulebeS ludoM .PVE 302 KTP -0 nagned halisi ,ini 3

( kec adnat halet gnay isnetepmok nakkujnunem gnay naaynatrep )

epid tapad nad rujuj nagned awsisaham ikilimid : nakbawajgnuggnatr

buS isnetepmoK naaynatreP

nabawaJ “aY“ nabawaJ aliB nakajreK aY kadiT

imahameMem tapad nad -nok nakparen - isaulave pes

ebmep - narajal nad pakiS

naidabirpeK ( fitceffA )

nenem kutnu - takgnit nakut

ek - nalisahrebawsis rajaleb

aS .1 naksalejnem tapad ay naitregnepnaidabirpeK nad pakiS isaulave irad

1 fitamroF seT 1 romoN

naksalejnem tapad ayaS .2 kujnutep alaks malad naataynrep nasilunep

.pakis

1 fitamroF seT 2 romoN

tapad ayaS .3 rusnu - malad rusnupek isaulave .naidabir

1 fitamroF seT

3 romoN naksalejnem tapad ayaS .4 naialinep

non kinket nagned pakis - .set

2 fitamroF seT

bawajnem awsisaham alibapA kadiT ini ludom irajalep akam

bawajid gnay iretam iauses kadiT .tubesret

buSisnetepmoK

airetirK ajreK kujnU

pukgniLrajaleB

P iretaM narajalebmeP koko

pakiS nauhategneP nalipmarteK

imahameM“nad em tapad -

nakparenave pesnok -ebmep isaul -

narajal pakiSabirpeK nad -

( naid fitceffA ) nenem kutnu - takgnit nakut nalisahrebek“awsis rajaleb

.1 naksalejneM

naitregnepmep isaulave -

b pakiS narajaleabirpeK nad -

( naid fitceffA .) naksalejneM .2

unep kujnutep -aynrep nasil - malad naat.pakis alaks

naktubeyneM .3rusnu - rusnu

isaulave malad.naidabirpek naksalejneM .4

pakis naialinep kinket nagned

non - .set

naitregneP .1

isaulave p me - pakiS narajaleb

abirpeK nad - ( naid fitceffA ) .

2 . P unep kujnute -

aynrep nasil - malad naat.pakis alaks

.3 U rusn - rusnu isaulave malad

.naidabirpek pakis naialineP .4

kinket nagnednon - .set

nad itileT

tamrec maladeleynem -

nakias paitesalasam h

naitregneP .1

isaulave mep - pakiS narajaleb

abirpeK nad - ( naid fitceffA ) .

2 P . unep kujnute -

naataynrep nasil alaks malad

.pakis

.3 U rusn - rusnu isaulave malad

.naidabirpek pakis naialineP .4

kinket nagnednon - .set

gnugneM -

nakpak nabawaj

nagned rudesorp lisah nad

raneb gnay

01

II BAB EP NARAJALEBM

awsisahaM rajaleB anacneR .A hawab id lebat isignem nagned rajaleb nataigek anacner haltauB

.iaseles haletes nesod adapek rajaleb itkub halatnim nad ini

nataigeK sineJ laggnaT utkaW tapmeTrajaleB

nasalAnahabureP

faraPnesoD

1 . ave irad naitregneP -irpeK nad pakiS isaul -

naidab

rep nasilunep kujnuteP .2 - alaks malad naatayn

.pakis

rusnU .3 - malad rusnu.naidabirpek isaulave

nagned pakis naialineP .4non kinket - .set

.rajaleB nataigeK .B

: 1 rajaleB nataigeK .1 isaulavE naitregneP naidabirpeK nad pakiS aynnaanaskaleP kujnuteP atres

: 1 rajaleB nataigeK naujuT .a

1 .) tapad awsisahaM em tregnep naksalejn isaulave nai nad pakiS

naidabirpeK ( fitceffA .)

2 .) tapad awsisahaM p naktubeynem nasilunep kujnute

naataynrep nakanugid gnay pakis alaks malad .

3 .) tapad awsisahaM u naktubeynem rusn - isaulave malad rusnu

naidabirpek .

c taubmem tapad awsisahaM .)4 alaks naialinep rabmel hotno

.naidabirpek naialinep rabmel nad pakis

11

: 1 iretaM naiarU .b

naitregneP .)1 isaulavE naidabirpeK nad pakiS atresaynnaanaskaleP kujnuteP

isaulavE pakis naidabirpek nad tapad anahredes araces

utaus iagabes nakitraid iuhategnem kutnu naukalrep/nakadnit

.ialinid gnay kejbo utaus padahret gnaroeses naasarep

iujuteynem ai alib fitisop tafisreb tapad tubesret naasareP

aynkilabes ,tubesret kejbo itagen naasarep ikilimem f ai alib

.tubesret kejbo iujuteynem kadit uata gnaruk gnaroeses pakiS

pakis alaks nakanuggnem nagned ialinid nad rukuid tapad

( tset edutitta kutnu iakapid gnay naataynrep ratfad utiay )

jutes kaditek uata naujutesek takgnit rukugnem gnaroeses nau

.kejbo utaus padahret

laH - naataynrep silunem malad nakitahrepid ulrep gnay lah -

:halada pakis alaks malad nakanugid naka gnay naataynrep

.)a naataynrep nakradniH - pakgnugnem hibel gnay naataynrep -

.inik asam adapirad ulal asam nak

.)b naataynrep nakradniH - .lautkaf tafisreb gnay naataynrep

.)c naataynrep nakradniH - nakitraid tapad gnay naataynrep

.ankam utas utas hibel

.)d naataynrep nakradniH - naka gnurednec gnay naataynrep

.gnaro aumes repmah helo kalotid uata hilipid

.)e naataynrep halhiliP - nem tapad aynarikes gnay naataynrep -

.naialinep alaks nagnatner hurules pukac

.)f ,anahredes gnay tamilak malad naataynrep haltauB salej

,takgnis utas nakrabmaggnem aynah nad gnusgnal

.ajas naialinep

.)g ataynrep nakradniH na - .mumu tafisreb gnay naataynrep

.)h tagen atak naanuggnep iradniH fi .tamilak utas malad

21

pakiS naialineP hotnoC : pakis naialinep namodep hotnoc nakirebid ini tukireB

tamrof nagned kiab pakis alaks nakanuggnem nagned

ed nupuam fitisop naataynrep .fitagen naataynrep tamrof nagn

1 hotnoC naataynreP : isoP fit

pakiS naialineP rabmeL : 1 lebaT

oN

awsisahaM natapadneP STS ST R S SS

rokS fitageN naataynreP

0 1 2 3 4

.1

.2

narakabek idajret aynarikeS utas halas adap ,dnats enigne

libmagnem areges naka ayas kutnu ipa madamep tala

gnay ipa nakmadamem.alaynem

...........................

) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

rokS x ) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

J ( halmu ) V ∑

2 hotnoC fitageN naataynreP :

pakiS naialineP rabmeL : 1 lebaT

oN

awsisahaM tapadneP STS ST R S SS

rokS fitageN naataynreP

4 3 2 1 0

.1

.2

,natacegnep mukitkarp malaD boj malad tuki naka kadit ayas

anerak lupmed kosoggnem.nakhalelem tagnas uti naajrekep

..................................................

) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

rokS x ) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

( halmuJ ) V ∑

31

eroks irbmem kutnu nakanugid asaib gnay sumur nupadA

: halada

V∑ = )S( rokS -

P∑

P ∑ = .nakaidesid gnay naataynrep aynkaynaB

S ∑ = ) AS ( rihkA rokS -

n

p nakukalid ilak apareB = n naialine

tapadnep ,sata id hotnoc adaP m irad ialinid awsisaha

ugaR ;) S ( ujuteS ;) SS ( ujuteS tagnaS : gnajnej – ;) R ( ugar

.) STS( ujuteS kadiT tagnaS ;) ST ( ujuteS kadiT

fitisoP naataynreP kutnU gnisam 1 hotnoc itrepes –

nep gnisam d hilipid gnay tapad irebi roks e : tukireb iagabes

;4 = SS ;3 = S ;2 = R ;1 = ST nad 0 = STS

kutnu nakgnadeS P fitageN naataynre :

;0 = SS ;1 = S ;2 = R ;3 = ST nad 4 = STS

aialinep rabmel ,aynnaanaskalep malad iD tapad pakis n

,fitagen naataynrep nad fitisop naataynrep aratna gnubagid

macam audek nakisiid tapad rabmel utas malad aynitra

halada nakitahrepid ulrep gnay numan ,tubesret naataynrep

.ayneroks irebmem arac anamiagab

41

b hotnoc nakirebid tukireB kutne ( pakis set tset edutitta )

kutnu kiab nakukalid gnay P nupuam fitisoP naataynre

fitageN naataynreP :

kujnuteP iauses tapadnep molok adap ) V ( kec adnat halireB : gnay naataynrep padahret adna tapadnep nagned

.nakaidesid

oN aynreP nat tapadneP

STS ST R S SS

.1

.2

narakabek idajret aynarikeS

utas halas adap ,dnats enigne libmagnem areges naka ayas

kutnu ipa madamep tala gnay ipa nakmadamem

.alaynem

.……………… .tsd…………

.3

.4

,natacegnep mukitkarp malaD

ka kadit ayas boj malad tuki na anerak lupmed kosoggnem

.nakhalelem tagnas uti naajrekep

.……………………… .tsd………

: naidabirpeK isaulavE J isaulavegnem nakulremem narajalepatam utaus aki

ulrep gnay kokop rusnu aparebeb ada akam ,awsis naidabirpek

dnem ,sativitaerk ,narujujek ,nanilpisidek : utiay ,naialinep tpa

ajrek nad ,nanaposek ,nahisrebek ,nabitretek ,bawaj gnuggnat

.aynnaridahek isnesba / isneserp rusnu aguj kusamreT .amas

naidabirpek naialinep rabmel hotnoc halada ini tukireB

s gnay awsis .nakanugid gnire

51

rabmeL hotnoC P naialine K naidabirpe awsiS

amaN S awsi kudnI .oN / ……………………… : idutS margorP / nasuruJ ....…………………… :

……………………… : retsemeS / purG ……………………… : narajA nuhaT

.oN kepsA

k naidabirpe ialinid gnay

IALIN isnesbA SB B C K

19 - 001 67 - 09 16 - 57 0 - 06

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

nanilpisideK narujujeK sativitaerK

bawaJ gnuggnaT nabitreteK nahisrebeK nanaposeK

amasajreK

maJ = A maJ = I maJ = S

= lmJ maJ

halmuJ

ataR - atar

takiderP

: naidabirpek naialinep nad takiderp itrA : natataC

19 = ilakeS kiaB = SB - 001 67 = kiaB = B - 09

pukuC = C 16 = - 57 gnaruK = K 0 = – 06 )nagnaretek apnat( apla = A : isnesbA

niji = I tikas = S

.c namukgnaR : 1

.)1 isaulavE pakis naidabirpek nad tapad anahredes araces

utaus iagabes nakitraid iuhategnem kutnu naukalrep/nakadnit

id gnay kejbo utaus padahret gnaroeses naasarep ialin .

.)2 laH - naataynrep silunem malad nakitahrepid ulrep gnay lah -:halada pakis alaks malad nakanugid naka gnay naataynrep

.)a naataynrep nakradniH - pakgnugnem hibel gnay naataynrep -.inik asam adapirad ulal asam nak

61

.)b aynrep nakradniH naat - .lautkaf tafisreb gnay naataynrep .)c naataynrep nakradniH - nakitraid tapad gnay naataynrep

.ankam utas utas hibel .)d naataynrep nakradniH - naka gnurednec gnay naataynrep

.gnaro aumes repmah helo kalotid uata hilipid .)e aynrep halhiliP naat - nem tapad aynarikes gnay naataynrep -

.naialinep alaks nagnatner hurules pukac .)f ,anahredes gnay tamilak malad naataynrep haltauB salej

,takgnis utas nakrabmaggnem aynah nad gnusgnal .ajas naialinep

.)g naataynrep nakradniH - gnay naataynrep .mumu tafisreb .)h tagen atak naanuggnep iradniH fi .tamilak utas malad

rusnU .)3 - malad naialinep tapadnem ulrep gnay kokop rusnu

,narujujek ,nanilpisidek : halada awsis naidabirpek isaulave

,nahisrebek ,nabitretek ,bawaj gnuggnat ,sativitaerk ,nanaposek

isnesba / isneserp rusnu aguj kusamreT .amas ajrek nad

.aynnaridahek

b hotnoc nakirebid tukireB .)4 ( pakis set kutne tset edutitta gnay )

kutnu kiab nakukalid P naataynreP nupuam fitisoP naataynre

fitageN :

hotnoC L pakiS naialineP rabme : ) fitisoP naataynreP (

oN

awsisahaM natapadneP STS ST R S SS

rokS fitageN naataynreP

0 1 2 3 4

.1

.2

narakabek idajret aynarikeS utas halas adap ,dnats enigne

naka ayas libmagnem areges kutnu ipa madamep tala

gnay ipa nakmadamem.alaynem

...........................

) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

rokS x ) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

( halmuJ ) V ∑

71

hotnoC pakiS naialineP rabmeL ( geN naataynreP fita )

oN

awsisahaM tapadneP STS ST R S SS

rokS fitageN naataynreP

4 3 2 1 0

.1

.2

,natacegnep mukitkarp malaD boj malad tuki naka kadit ayas

erak lupmed kosoggnem an.nakhalelem tagnas uti naajrekep

..................................................

) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

rokS x ) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

( halmuJ ) V ∑

eroks irbmem kutnu nakanugid asaib gnay sumur nupadA

: halada

V∑ = )S( rokS -

P∑

P ∑ = .nakaidesid gnay naataynrep aynkaynaB

S ∑ = ) AS ( rihkA rokS -

n

apareB = n naialinep nakukalid ilak

fitisoP naataynreP kutnU gnisam 1 hotnoc itrepes –

d hilipid gnay tapadnep gnisam irebi roks e : tukireb iagabes

;4 = SS ;3 = S ;2 = R ;1 = ST nad 0 = STS

kutnu nakgnadeS P fitageN naataynre :

;0 = SS ;1 = S ;2 = R ;3 = ST nad 4 = STS

81

.d : 1 saguT haltauB sinej utas halas adap awsis pakis isaulave hotnoc

nisneB rotoM narajalep atam malad nalipmaretek/boj

fitisop naataynrep nagned kiab ,pakis alaks nakanuggnem

puam .fitagen naataynrep nu

fitamrof seT .e : 1 nad pakis isaulave nagned duskamid gnay apa halnaksaleJ .)1

narajalebmep malad awsis naidabirpek .

lah halnaktubeS .)2 - malad naitahrep tapadnem ulrep gnay lah

id naka gnay naataynrep silunem pakis alaks malad nakanug

. ! narajalebmep sesorp adap

u halnaktubeS .)3 rusn - rusnu nakgnabmitrep ulrep gnay malad

isaulave padahret naidabirpek ! awsis

gnisam hotnoc haltauB .)4 - naialinep rabmel haubes gnisam

aialinep rabmel nad pakis alaks nakanugnem naidabirpek n

idutS margorP malad narajalep atam utas halas adap

! fitomotO kinakeM

.f fitamroF seT bawaJ icnuK : 1

.)1 isaulavE pakis naidabirpek nad araces anahredes tapad

utaus iagabes nakitraid tnu naukalrep/nakadnit iuhategnem ku

ialinid gnay kejbo utaus padahret gnaroeses naasarep .

.)2 laH - naataynrep silunem malad nakitahrepid ulrep gnay lah -

:halada pakis alaks malad nakanugid naka gnay naataynrep

.)a naataynrep nakradniH - pakgnugnem hibel gnay naataynrep -.inik asam adapirad ulal asam nak

.)b naataynrep nakradniH - .lautkaf tafisreb gnay naataynrep .)c naataynrep nakradniH - nakitraid tapad gnay naataynrep

.ankam utas utas hibel .)d naataynrep nakradniH - naka gnurednec gnay naataynrep

ta hilipid .gnaro aumes repmah helo kalotid ua .)e naataynrep halhiliP - nem tapad aynarikes gnay naataynrep -

.naialinep alaks nagnatner hurules pukac

91

.)f ,anahredes gnay tamilak malad naataynrep haltauB salej,takgnis utas nakrabmaggnem aynah nad gnusgnal

ep .ajas naialin .)g naataynrep nakradniH - .mumu tafisreb gnay naataynrep .)h tagen atak naanuggnep iradniH fi .tamilak utas malad

rusnU .)3 – malad nakgnabmitrepid ulrep gnay kokop rusnu

alada awsis naidabirpek isaulave malad naialinep : h

,nabitretek ,bawaj gnuggnat ,sativitaerk ,narujujek ,nanilpisidek

rusnu aguj kusamreT .amas ajrek nad ,nanaposek ,nahisrebek

.aynnaridahek isnesba / isneserp

nakanugnem naialinep rabmel nagned pakis isauave hotnoC .)4

tam utas halas adap pakis alaks margorP malad narajalep a

rotoM narajalepatam kutnu aynlasiM ! fitomotO kinakeM idutS

: nisneB

pakiS naialineP rabmeL ) fitisoP naataynreP ( :

oN

awsisahaM natapadneP STS ST R S SS

rokS fitageN naataynreP

0 1 2 3 4

.1

.2

.3

naajrekep nakukalem malaD gnay akam putak leteynem

halada nakitahrepid ulrep uata 1 rednilis adap pot isisop

.4 rednilis

gnasamem naajrekep adaPahrepid ulrep gnay rotubirtsid -

ab pot isisop halada nakit ki.4 rednilis nupuam 1 rednilis

leteynem naajrekep adaP

gnilap gnay akam rotarubrakleteynem halada gnitnep

.eldi naratup

) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

rokS x ) V ( kec adnat halmuJ

( halmuJ ) V ∑

02

alineP rabmeL hotnoC awsiS naidabirpeK nai

amaN S awsi kudnI .oN / ……………………… :

idutS margorP / nasuruJ : fitomotO kinakeM

……………………… : retsemeS / purG

……………………… : narajA nuhaT

nisneB rotoM : narajalep ataM

.oN kepsA

rpek naidabi ialinid gnay

IALIN isnesbA SB B C K

19 - 001 67 - 09 16 - 57 0 - 06

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

nanilpisideK

narujujeK

sativitaerK

bawaJ gnuggnaT

nabitreteK

nahisrebeK

nanaposeK

amasajreK

maJ = A

maJ = I

maJ = S

= lmJ maJ

halmuJ

ataR - atar

takiderP

: naidabirpek naialinep nad takiderp itrA : natataC

19 = ilakeS kiaB = SB - 001

67 = kiaB = B - 09

pukuC = C 16 = - 57 gnaruK = K 0 = – 06

)nagnaretek apnat( apla = A : isnesbA

niji = I

tikas = S

12

)2 . rajaleB nataigeK 2 : naialineP S nagned paki T kinke N no -T .se

rajaleB nataigeK naujuT .a 2 : alinep ayngnitnep itra naksalejnem tapad awsisahaM .)1 nai

naajrekep malad pakis - .kinket naajrekep

non kinket naitregnep naksalejnem tapad awsisahaM .)2 - set

.pakis isaulave malad

macam naktubeynem tapad awsisahaM .)3 - )sinej( macam

non kinket - .pakis isaulave malad nakanugid asaib gnay set

gnisam naitregnep naksalejnem tapad awsisahaM .)4 - gnisam

non kinket sinej - .pakis isaulave malad iakapid gnay set

: 2 iretaM naiarU .b naialineP S nagned paki T kinke N no -T .se

.)1 aR s lanoi P naanuggne A tal – noN “ tala – eT s “ isaulavE awsis pisneherpmok sesorp utaus halada

nakididnep naujut anam huajes iapmas nakutnenem kutnu

,kinket ilha naajrekep kutnU .awsis helo iapacid halet uti

naiadnapek nad nauhategnep helorepmem gnipmasid

rah awsis ,halasam/laos nakhacemem malad helorepmem su

“ rotom slliks gnadib malad “ – megnem nad susuhk gnadib -

keb : itrepes pakis nakgnab e / lukimem ,adotem nagned ajr

.ayniagabes nad ,kopmolek ajrek ,nanipmimepek amirenem

p aboc aynlasiM naujut nakgnabmitre – : ini tukireb naujut

apad awiS .)a m t ne .kat 4 nisneb rotom ajrek pisnirp naksalej

hilimem tapad awsiS .)b hotnoc nemiseps kutnu .kirat iju

.isakifiseps iauses anitalp leteynem tapad awsiS .)c

.)d akitametam halasam / laos nakhacemem akuS

m awsiS .)e em awhab asare jrek natamalesek nakiabagn a

malad mukitkarp surah mukuhid tareb .sarek /

22

sata id hotnoc iraD tapad kid hadum nagned lane

b ( naujut awha a gnadib malad adareb ) “ itingoc ”f ( , b ( nad ) c )

sp gnadib malad ki rotomo ki ( nad d ( nad ) e gnadib malad )

“ itceffa f .” naujut naiapacneP (a nagned askirepid tapad )

tapad kadit ini macames set rudesorP .silutret set nalaj

tapmeek kutnu nakanugid aynnial gnay naujut , nupualaw

( naujut irad fitingok naigab b ( nad ) c ( ijuid tapad ) id )set

,silutret set nagned pakis nad nalipmaretek nagnabmekrep

( ijuid hadum nagned tapad kadit id silutret set nagned )set . natamagnep kinkeT kinket nad naropal - iridnes nakanugid

.ini lah malad kutnu nakanugid tala sinej iagabreB

gnem u gnay isamrofni atad tatacnem nad naklupm

.naialinep kutnu nakulrepid talA - la a d ini t noN“ tala tubesi -

isatserp rukugnem kutnu nakanugid aynasaib ini talA .”tseT

“ naujut gnatnet dirum sp ki rotomo ki “ nad : itceffa f .”

noN“ adoteM - vegnem kutnu nakanugid tapad ”tseT a isaul

nad nalipmaretek pakis arap awsis .

.)a nalipmareteK naialineP sp gnadib malad naujut helorepmem kutnU ki o-

rotom ki :kusamret ,

.)1( susuhk naturu rudesorp itukigneM .

.)2( mamek takgnit iapmas rudesorp pait nakajregneM -

naup / nad,utnetret gnay napakacek

.)3( naklisahgneM utaus rihka lisah y lisah uata gna

ihunemem k .utnetret )amron( airetir

utaus sesorp ianegnem halada amatrep gnay lah audeK

.uti sagut lisah ianegnem agitek gnay nad sagut

sp gnadib malad naujut isaulavegnem malaD ki rotom ki ,

sesorp nad audek lisah - aud ayn .gnitnep halada

ynnanakeneP tafis irad gnutnagret ,habureb tapad a

32

halada )isavresbo( natamagnep kinkeT .aynnalipmaretek

,awsis arap isatserp isaulavegnem kutnu kococ gnilap

.lisah nupuam sesorp kiab

b) . naitahrep nad pakis naialineP jut kutnu isaulavE “ gnadib malad nau itceffa f ,”

: kusamret

.)1( awsis )tanim( naitahrep itsap nagned iuhategneM

nataigek nakukalem malad - nad nataigek

.)2( ,awsis pakis nakumeneM irebmem ai anamiagab

gnay isautis utaus malad ukalirepreb uata iskaer

.nakirebid

ahilip utaus halada )tanim( naitahreP n naakusek

nataigek utas igab adap irad helO .aynnial gnay

nahilimep naktabilem uti naitahrep akam ,aynanerak

( nagnologgnep nad gniknar gek ) ai nat - turunem nataigek

( akus kadit nad akus nagnadnap ekil - ilsid ke .)

em gnanes hibel idaj helob awsis gnaroeS acabm

fitomoto halajam adapirad ( narajalep ukub skoob txet ).

ta nataigek aguj naktabilem ,naitahreP a ,ukalirep u

,halajam acabmem itrepes kot esalate tahilem o,

.ayniagabes nad atirec silunem it malad ,uti aneraK pa

,naitahrep narukugnep adotem nahilip nakataynem

taus kutnu naakusek u nagnadnap turunem nataigek

.ada ulales naka uti akus kadit uata akus

mumu napaggnat iagabes naksalejid tapad pakiS

,susuhk kopmolek padahret ,agabmel uata pesnok

gnem keybo nad nakgnaneynem gnay nagnadnap iane

.nakgnaneynem kadit

42

iroet ilha turuneM “ halada pakis isisopsed=arp ”

,utnetret arac nagned ukalirepreb kutnu nakgnades

naitahrep ( tanim ) naktabilem nahilip .naakusek

naropal kinkeT - inket nad iridnes k p halada natamagne

pakis nad naitahrep ialinem kutnu kococ gnay tala .

2) . talA - noN rukU tala - seT kutnU sp gnadib malad naujut ialinem ki rotomo ki nad

nadib g “ itceffa f ” tala nakanugid ,: - : tukireb tala

.)a ( naaskiremep ratfaD tsil kcehc )

.)b akgna alakS

.)c todkena natataC

.)d iridnes naropaL

gnisaM - nagned takgnis araces nakiaruid naka gnisam

.hotnoc aparebeb iatresid

a) . )tsil kcehC( naaskiremep ratfaD tafis ratfad haubes irad iridret naaskiremep ratfaD

breb gnay susuhk ade - .rukuid nad itamaid naka gnay adeb

silunem uata )V( adnat irebmem aynasaib tamagneP AY ,

.itamaid uti susuhk tafis alib

hotnoC : 1 isP( nalipmareteK gnadiB )kirotomok haliraM atik nakgnabmitrepemem : naujut

rotom rotkejni nenopmok tikarem tapad awsisahaM”

“raneb nagned leseid

sagut tukgnaynem ini naajrekeP - : tukireb iagabes sagut

gnasameM .)1( ydob muraj nad elzon .

gnasameM .)2( nip erusserp .

.)3( gnasameM nad sagep smihs .

.)4( gnasameM egnalf takignep redloh elzon .

52

nagned ialinid tapad ini sagut naanaskaleP

lid gnay aynsesorp gnatnet sitirk gnay isavresbo nakuka

.raulek gnay rihka lisah ialinem nad gnaroeses helo

gnarek taubid tapad ini sagut kutnu naaskiremep ratfaD -

: tukireb itrepes aynak

kujnuteP malad )V( adnat halireB : gnuruk adnat alib ini )X( gnalis adnaT nad ,itamaid uti susuhk tafis

aid kadit alib .itam

A naigaB naajregnep sesorp amales nakkujnutrepiD

apA k : uti awsis ha

(1 .) )....( tala askiremeM - mulebes napakgnelrep nad tala

? ajrekeb ialumem

(2 .) )....( nakanuggneM tala kutnu kococ gnay em regn -

aj nak sagut ? uti

(3 .) ..( ).. askiremeM rotkejni nenopmok paites naadaek ?

(4 .) )....( gnasameM nenopmok - nenopmok nagned uti

? raneb

(5 .) )....( utkaw malad aynsagut nakiaseleyneM radnats

nakutnetid halet gnay ?

B naigaB giD rihka lisah nagned nakgnuba

: awhab nakkujnunem kutnu itkub ada hakapA

nenopmoK )....( .)1( - ? kasur kadit rotkejni nenopmok

nenopmok paiteS )....( .)2( halet uti gnasapret nagned

raneb ? aynhurules

ynutkaw adap iaseles tapad naajrekep aumeS )....( .)3( ,a

radnats utkaw irad tabmal hibel uata tapec hibel ?

anamiagabes isgnufreb tapad uti rotkejnI )....( .)4(

? aynitsem

? ilabmek pudih tapad natukgnasreb gnay niseM )....( .)5(

62

2 hotnoC : gnadiB ”fitceffA“ ug araP nautnetek naktapadnem nigni ilak gnires ur

irajalepmem malad aynawsis arap naitahrep gnatnet

ini tukireb gnaY .susuhk gnay narajalep atam utas

askiremep ratfad hotnoc haubes halada na ( tsil kcehc )

gnades utkaw adap )tanim( naitahrep ialinem kutnu

et rajaleb gnatn E isaulav .narajalebmeP

kujnuteP gnay nataigek halebes id )v( adnat halireB :a araduas regnem gnanes awsis arap paggn -

aj nak n .isaulave rajaleb gnades utkaw adap ay

)....( .)1( .hisiles nad gnaruk itrepes ,kitsitats gnutihgneM

)....( .)2( aubmeM laos t - .naaynatrep nad set laos

)....( .)3( malad lanoiseforp akite nakgnidnureM

.isaulave

)....( .)4( irajalepmeM anamiagab set isasiradnats uti

.nakanugid

)....( .)5( p naujut siluneM e alir .uk

)....( .)6( risfatneM ( awitsirep iduts esac gnem nagned ) -

nakanug .set lisah

)....( .)7( .isasiradnats set satilibilaer isaulavegneM

)....( .)8( .satilibilaer nad satidilav iroet irajalepmeM

)....( .)9( idnureM kutnu dirum iskaer nakgn p naurahabme

.naiju malad metsis

)....( .)01( ( naiju tayawir gnatnet ragnedneM set .)

b) . )emehcs gnikraM( akgnA alakS

ratfaD ( naaskiremep tsil kehc ) kutnu nakanugid

etek tapadnem tafis aynada kadit uata ada gnatnet nautn

satilauk ialinem akgna alaks ,nial kahip iD .uti susuhk

tafis utaus aliB .nautasek naiakgnar malad susuhk tafis

gnay lah aud aratna fitatilauk araces ialinid surah susuhk

.akgna alaks nakanugid akam ,mirtske alakS akgna

72

pait kutnu - malad igabid aynasaib susuhk tafis pait

iapmas muminim irad nususret ,lah uata naigab halmujes

.aynkilabes uata ,mumiskam

1 hotnoC : rotomohcysP gnadiB

nalipmaretek aynlasiM itnaggnem awsis gnaroes gniraeb

( alatnab n ) sorop kasur gnay .

kujuteP gnay naajrekep satilauk )akgna( ialin halireB :

: ini tukireb alaks nagned awsis helo nakajrekid

(a) . sorop adap nakasurek takgniT 5 4 3 2 1

nad r aynahamu

)b( . ek takgniT adap nakasur 5 4 3 2 1

nalatnab tapmet

)c( . adap naserog adnat aynkaynaB 1 2 3 5 4

nalatnab tapmet , nalatnab sorop

(d) . adneb nad narotok ,ubed aynadA 1 2 3 5 4

gnay riac kasurem/nayahabreb

.)e( . rihka isnarelot aynraseB 5 4 3 2 1

.)f( samulep uata kaynim naanuggneP 5 4 3 2 1

adap b naiga - karegreb gnay naigab

nagned nalatnab sirages naadaeK .)g( 5 4 3 2 1

sorop .

natikar napaisek nad nahisrebeK .)h( 4 3 2 1 5

naaskiremep kutnu uti .

2 hotnoC : B evitceffA“ gnadi ”

nakanugid gnay )naialinep( akgna alaks hotnoc haubeS

gnatnet awsis arap pakis ialinem kutnu nakiabagnemmalesek ajrek nata : ini hawab id nakirebid

82

kujnuteP ,ini hawab id naataynrep pait kutnU : lobmis : nakirebid SS nad ,S ,R ,ST ,STS

STS = ujuteS kadiT tagnaS TS = kadiT S .ujute

= R ugaR - ugar ujuteS = S ujuteS tagnaS = SS

iauses gnay alaks nabawaj adap narakgnil halireB

naataynrep padahret araduas naasarep nagned ! tukireb

P .)a( e naraggnal m nakiabagne SS S R S STS natamalesek malad ajrek .saget kadnitid surah ketkarp

)b( aliB . uggnunem kadit nesod , SS S R S STS em natamalesek nakiabagn ajrek .kiab halada

.)c( Me natamalesek nakiabagn SS S R S STS

ajrek aynkurub amas halada ucnem itrepes r .i

.)d( ,gnisup libma kadit ayaS SS S R S STS halebes namet s aya kadit

alesek nakitahrepmem - natam .ajrek

.)e( Me natamalesek nakiabagn SS S R S STS

ajrek t tikides apagnem kadi .

.)f( gnaroeses tahilem ayas aliB SS S R S STS em natamalesek nakiabagn ayas ,ajrek nakropalem naka - adap ayn if g kah .uru

.)g( alib aynigur ada kadiT gnem - SS S R S STS

ajrek natamalesek nakiaba .ketkarp malad

repes set silunem aliB t ,ini i naataynrep kaynab hibel halada

,susuhk tafis gnatnet tapad araduas ayapus raga

kiremem .aynnabawaj satidilav as

,nabawaj kutnu akgna nairebmep malaD tobob nairebmep

.aynnaataynrep tafis adap gnutnagret uti nabawaj kutnu

92

kiaB kadiT gnay naataynreP hotnoC :

SS S R S STS alib aynigur ada kadiT 2 3 4 5 1

em natamalesek nakiabagn .ketkarp malad ajrek

gnay naataynreP hotnoC hibeL kiaB :

SS S R S STS

akij ayahabreb tagnas nakA 4 3 2 1 5 em natamalesek nakiabagn

.ketkarp malad nupiksem ajrek

gna nairebmep malad nahaburep awhab nakitahreP ak

,aynnaataynrep irad gnutnagret uata kiab gnay hakapa

kiab kadit gnay naataynrep aumes kutnu akgna halmuj

rebmem naka padahret awsis pakis gnatnet kujnutep i

.ketkarp malad ajrek natamalesek nakiabagnem

.)c todkenA natataC da todkena natataC a gnay nususret adotem hal

natatacnep gnatnet aynnaajregnep tikides gnilap

magnep a )isavresbo( nat urug helo ukalirep G . naka uru

malad gnitnep paggnaid gnay awsis ukalirep tatacnem

.susuhk naadaek anugreb naka ini macames natataC

nagned aynnagnubuh ada gnay ukalirep ialinem kutnu

idabirp irid nagned laisos naiauseynep gnadib .

hotnoC : nesuH utnab rutagnem alerakus nagned a nu n ut k

gnay akerem amales ajrek naakalecek imalagnem

ketkarp . gnem aynah kadit aI u kutnu anad naklupm

ajas atirednep is utnabmem , em aguj ipatet irepm naktagn

namet - aynnamet raga itaatnem nad nilpisid ulales

.ajrek natamalesek narutarep

03

nA e lah tatacnem ini todk – gnatnet fitisop gnay lah

aynnaitahrep nakkujnunem gnay nesuH ukalirep

amases padahret awsis malad asajreb kutnu takab nad

laisos gnadib k/ naaisuname taafnamreb naka ini natataC .

,urug kutnu ilakes ,itnan aynnakijam nad agabmel kutnu

asaj naanuggnep - kiabes nagned nesuH asaj - aynkiab

.isasinagro nagnutnuek igab

.)d iridnes naropaL ( nagnareteK y ) isamrofni na gnaroes helo taubid g

sis id gnatnet aw aynir ujnunem tapad iridnes k utaus nak

naitahrep nad pakis lanegnem kutnu agrahreb gnay itkub

naaynatrep nad aracnawaW .uti awsis )tanim( -

mugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay tala halada naaynatrep -

( akgna alakS .ini macames isamrofni naklup ) naialinep

naaynatrep nagnubag nagned iakapid tapad - ,naaynatrep

halet gnay isamrofni narisfatnep nakhadumem kutnu

.uti nakaidesid

hotnoC : naanuggneP yrarbiL enilnO metsyS :)ALOIS(

B ire hal hawab sirag kococ gnilap gnay nabawaj adap

naanuggnep nakgnarenem ALOIS o . araduas hel

( gnem araduas hakapA .)1 - aY / kadiT ? ALOIS nakanug

.)2( araduas hakgnires apareB ilakeS / ilak auD / ALOIS nakanuggnem irad hibeL ilak auD

? uggnimes malad

araduas gnay apA .)3( halajaM/naroK / ? ALOIS id acab ukuB / atireC

sket ukuB

13

nahilimeP A tal U ruk noN“ - ”seT

adap )nagnibmib( kujnutep nakirebmem tukireb lebaT

urug tala hilimem malad - noN“ tala - pait igab ”seT - pait

.nakirebid gnay naadaek

kujnuteP P nahilime A tal U noN“ ruk - .”seT

GNADIB

talA - talA NON” - SET ”

KIROTOMOKISP FITCEFFA

ratfaD

naaskiremeP ( kcehc tsil )

nakrasadreb nalipmarteK

em / amirenem airetirk -.) kadit / ay ( kalon

hotnoC halec leteyneM : .putak

ataigek askiremeM n narukugnep malad

.)tanim( naitahrep hotnoC adap taniM :

ukub acabmem .sivres namodep

akgna alakS ) naialinep (

repid gnay nalipmarteK -

gnasreb gnay ,nakitah - naialinep nagned natuk

.fitatilauk hotnoC naitiletek takgniT :

leteynem malad .putak halec

ahret pakis ialineM -

sirep ,isautis pad -ayniagabes nad ,awit

hotnoC natapetek : kusam / gnatad lekgneb

todkenA natataC

---

ukalirep naialineP irid nagned laisos

aynasaib( idabirp.)naiauseynep

hotnoC amas ajreK : awsis ratna

iridnes naropaL

---

nad pakis naialineP

atrep iulalem ,tanim -nawaw uata naayn -

.arac hotnoC :

1. padahret iskaeR nahaburep

.urab mulukiruk 2. k iridahgneM sale

.lairotut

23

ayntujnaleS em tukireb lebaT apur nak fitakilpa hotnoc

tala hilimem malad - noN“ tala - ”seT kutnu gnisam - gnisam

isautis .nakirebid gnay

U talA nahilimeP hotnoC lebaT noN“ ruk - ”seT

ineJ noN talA s – seT

isautiS

tsiL kcehC

akgnA alakS

todkenA natata

C iridneS naropaL

salek maj raul id ALOIS naanuggneP .1

.2 susuhk ilha kopmolek gnatnet naasareP

susuhk narajalepatam adap naitahreP .3

naajrekep padahret isibmA .4 naped asam id

amas ajrekeb akus tafiS .5

.tulum hisilesreb akus ukalireP .6

salek nanipmimepek sagut amireneM .7

ketkarp nahab nasorobmep pakiS .8

ratikes mala nagnukud naanugeK .9

rotom adap rotkejni tikareM .01 leseid

rotarubrak leteyneM .11

naipagnep nauggnag sisilanagneM .21

.c namukgnaR 2 : pakis isaulave )nalipmaretek( kinket narajalebmep malad iD .)1

tutnutid aynah kadit awsis anerak ,aynitra gnitnep tagnas

iaynupmem kutnu surah aguj numan utnetret nalipmaretek

.ayngnukudnem gnay naidabirpek nad pakis iaynupmem

33

noN kinkeT .)2 - sinej iagabreb halada pakis isaulave malad seT

nad naklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay tala

nakulrepid gnay awsis pakis gnatnet isamrofni tatacnem

.isaulaveid kutnu

macaM .)3 - non kinket macam - malad nakanugid asaib gnay set

naaskiremeP ratfaD : utiay ,tapme ada awsis pakis isaulave

( tsiL kcehC ( akgnA alakS ,) emehcS gnikraM natataC ,)

.iridneS naropaL nad ,todkenA

gnisam nasalejneP .)4 - inkeT gnisam noN k - : seT

D .)a ratfa P naaskireme ( cehc k tsil halada : ) ratfad haubes

adebreb gnay susuhk tafis - nad itamaid naka gnay adeb

aynasaib tamagneP .rukuid laggnit )V( adnat irebmem

silunem uata AY uti susuhk tafis alib , /lucnum .itamaid

( akgnA alakS .)b gnikram emehcs nairebmep arac halada :)

irad susuhk tafis utaus irad fitatilauk ialin/akgna kcehc

tsil gnay mirtske putuk aud nakrasadreb rukuid gnay

.)nanawalreb( gnakaleb kalotreb

ukalirep natatac haubes halada : todkenA natataC .)c

malad awsis gnaroes gnitnep nagned aynnatiak

useynep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay susuhk naadaek -

.idabirp irid laisos ukalirep/naia

nagnaretek halada : iridneS naropaL .)d ( y ) isamrofni na g

id gnatnet awsis gnaroes helo taubid aynir iridnes gnay

ujnunem tapad k utnu agrahreb itkub utaus nak k

.uti awsis )tanim( naitahrep nad pakis lanegnem

.d : 2 saguT

hotnoc haubes haltauB noN kinkeT naanuggnep - seT

sinej utas halas malad awsis gnaroes pakis isaulavegnem kutnu

asim ( fitomoto kinket gnadib id naajrekep .) nisneB rotoM aynl

43

e . fitamroF seT 2 :

narajalebmep malad pakis naialinep ayngnitnep itra hakapA .)1

ib id ? )nalipmaretek( kinket gnad

noN kinkeT nagned duskamid gnay hakapA .)2 - malad seT

? awsis gnaroes pakis padahret isaulave

noN kinkeT macam tapme halnaktubeS .)3 - tapad gnay seT

! pakis isaulave malad nakanugid

m paites padahret nasalejnep halireB .)4 kinkeT sinej / maca

noN - ! pakis isaulave malad nakanugid asaib gnay seT

.f fitamroF seT bawaJ icnuK 2 : naialinep ) nalipmaretek ( kinket narajalebmep malad iD .)1

ah kadit awsis anerak ,aynitra gnitnep tagnas pakis ayn

aguj numan utnetret nalipmaretek iaynupmem kutnu tutnutid

.ayngnukudnem gnay ajrek pakis iaynupmem surah

noN kinkeT .)2 - sinej iagabreb halada pakis isaulave malad seT

tatacnem / naklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay tala

awsis pakis gnatnet isamrofni .isaulaveid ulrep gnay

macaM .)3 - non kinket macam - malad nakanugid asaib gnay set

naaskiremeP ratfaD : utiay ,tapme ada awsis pakis isaulave

( tsiL kcehC ( akgnA alakS ,) emehcS gnikraM natataC ,)

.iridneS naropaL nad ,todkenA

gnisam nasalejneP .)4 - nisam noN kinkeT g - : seT

D .)a ratfa P naaskireme ( cehc k tsil halada : ) ratfad haubes

adebreb gnay susuhk tafis - nad itamaid naka gnay adeb

aynasaib tamagneP .rukuid laggnit )V( adnat irebmem

silunem uata AY uti susuhk tafis alib , /lucnum .itamaid

( akgnA alakS .)b m emehcs gnikra nairebmep arac halada :)

irad susuhk tafis utaus irad fitatilauk ialin/akgna kcehc

tsil gnay mirtske putuk aud nakrasadreb rukuid gnay

.)nanawalreb( gnakaleb kalotreb

53

ukalirep natatac haubes halada : todkenA natataC .)c

awsis gnaroes gnitnep nagned aynnatiak malad

useynep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay susuhk naadaek -

.idabirp irid laisos ukalirep/naia

nagnaretek halada : iridneS naropaL .)d ( y ) isamrofni na g

id gnatnet awsis gnaroes helo taubid aynir iridnes gnay

ujnunem tapad k rahreb itkub utaus nak kutnu ag

.uti awsis )tanim( naitahrep nad pakis lanegnem

63

III BAB ISAULAVE

naaynatreP .A 1 .) .pakis alaks aynada lanekid pakis isaulave nakukalem malad iD

lah halnaktubeS - silunem malad naitahrep tapadnem ulrep gnay lah

naataynrep pakis alaks malad nakanugid naka gnay !

u halnaktubeS .)2 rusn - rusnu nakgnabmitrep ulrep gnay ulave malad -

naidabirpek padahret isa ! awsis

)nalipmaretek( kinket gnadib id narajalebmep malad id apagneM .)3

guj iridnes uti nalipmaretek isaulave gnipmasid nakulrepid a

,ajrek pakis amaturet ,awsis pakis padahret isaulave ! naksalej

aynada lanekid awsis gnaroes pakis padahret isaulave malaD .)4

noN kinkeT - ? uti nagned duskamid gnay hakapa ,seT

noN kinkeT macam tapme aynada lanekid pakis isaulave malaD .)5 -

tapmeek hakajas apa halnaktubes ,nakanugid tapad gnay seT

! tubesret set non kinket macam

noN kinkeT sinej / macam paites padahret nasalejnep halireB .)6 -

gnisam ,pakis isaulave malad nakanugid asaib gnay seT - gnisam

aynhotnoc nakireb kutnu ajalep atam ! nisneB rotoM nar

halas adap naidabirpek naialinep rabmel haubes hotnoc haltauB .)7

,fitomotO kinakeM idutS margorP malad narajalep atam utas

! nisneB rotoM aynlasim

nabawaJ icnuK .B laH .)1 - alad nakitahrepid ulrep gnay lah naataynrep silunem m -

:halada pakis alaks malad nakanugid naka gnay naataynrep

naataynrep nakradniH .)a - nakpakgnugnem hibel gnay naataynrep

.inik asam adapirad ulal asam

naataynrep nakradniH .)b - .lautkaf tafisreb gnay naataynrep

73

naataynrep nakradniH .)c - ep hibel nakitraid tapad gnay naataynr

.ankam utas utas

naataynrep nakradniH .)d - hilipid naka gnurednec gnay naataynrep

.gnaro aumes repmah helo kalotid uata

naataynrep halhiliP .)e - nem tapad aynarikes gnay naataynrep -

alinep alaks nagnatner hurules pukac .nai

,takgnis salej ,anahredes tamilak malad naataynrep haltauB .)f

.ajas naialinep utas nakrabmaggnem aynah nad gnusgnal

naataynrep nakradniH .)g - .mumu tafisreb gnay naataynrep

.tamilak utas malad fitagen atak naanuggnep iradniH .)h

rusnU .)2 – u inep malad nakgnabmitrepid ulrep gnay kokop rusn -

,nanilpisidek : halada awsis naidabirpek isaulave malad naial

,nahisrebek ,nabitretek ,bawaj gnuggnat ,sativitaerk ,narujujek

/ isneserp rusnu aguj kusamreT .amas ajrek nad ,nanaposek

ynnaridahek isnesba .a

pakis naialinep ) nalipmaretek ( kinket narajalebmep malaD .)3

kutnu tutnutid aynah kadit awsis anerak ,aynitra gnitnep tagnas

iaynupmem surah aguj numan utnetret nalipmaretek iaynupmem

lha gnay gnaroeses aynlasiM .ayngnukudnem gnay ajrek pakis / i

tutnutid aguj naaradnek nakiabrep gnadib malad lipmaret

narutarep taat itrepes ,kiab gnay ajrek pakis iaynupmem

ajrek tapmet/tala nahisrebek nakitahrepmem ,ajrek natamalesek

.ajrekeb malad tamrec nad itilet pakis aguj

noN kinkeT duskamid gnaY .)4 - seT halada pakis isaulave malad

/ naklupmugnem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay tala sinej iagabreb

.isaulaveid ulrep gnay awsis pakis gnatnet isamrofni tatacnem

non kinket macam tapme adA .)5 - malad nakanugid asaib gnay set

meP ratfaD : utiay ,awsis pakis isaulave ( naaskire tsiL kcehC ,)

( akgnA alakS emehcS gnikraM naropaL nad ,todkenA natataC ,)

.iridneS

83

gnisam nasalejneP .)6 - noN kinkeT gnisam - aynhotnoc atreseb seT

kutnu : nisneb rotom narajalep atam

( naaskiremeP ratfaD .)a tsil kcehc s ratfad haubes halada : ) tafi

adebreb gnay susuhk - .rukuid nad itamaid naka gnay adeb

silunem uata )V( adnat irebmem laggnit aynasaib tamagneP

AY .itamaid/lucnum uti susuhk tafis alib ,

hotnoc halada tukireB tsil kcehc pakis isaulavegnem kutnu

ikareM “ nalipmaretek malad awsis ”rotubirtsiD t

kujnuteP gnay nataigek halebes id ) V ( adnat halireB : nakukalem gnades gnay awsis helo nakukalid

.rotubirtsiD tikareM ketkarp

gnasameM )....( .)1( recnavda lagufirtnec . .anitalp nakudud gnasameM )....( .)2( )....( .)3( gnasameM recnavda muucav . .anitalp gnasameM )....( .)4( .anitalp ytakignep tuab gnasameM )....( .)5( .rotor gnasameM )....( .)6( .rotubirtsid putut gnasameM )....( .)7(

( akgnA alakS .)b emehcs gnikram nairebmep arac halada :)

irad susuhk tafis utaus irad fitatilauk ialin/akgna tsil kcehc gnay

gnakaleb kalotreb gnay mirtske putuk aud nakrasadreb rukuid

.raneB nad halaS aynlasiM .)nanawalreb(

( akgnA alakS hotnoC emehcs gnikram isaulavegnem kutnu )

tek malad awsis pakis ”rotubirtsiD tikareM “ nalipmare

kujnuteP nataigek halebes id akgna utas halas halirakgniL : gnades gnay awsis helo nakukalid gnay

.rotubirtsiD tikareM ketkarp nakukalem

raneB halaS

gnasameM )....( .)1( recnavda lagufirtnec 4 3 2 1 0 . 4 3 2 1 0 .anitalp nakudud gnasameM )....( .)2( asameM )....( .)3( gn recnavda muucav 4 3 2 1 0 . 4 3 2 1 0 .anitalp gnasameM )....( .)4( takignep tuab gnasameM )....( .)5( .anitalp 4 3 2 1 0 .rotor gnasameM )....( .)6( 4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0 .rotubirtsid putut gnasameM )....( .)7(

93

gnitnep ukalirep natatac haubes halada : todkenA natataC .)c

gnay susuhk naadaek nagned aynnatiak malad awsis gnaroes

p nagned nagnubuhreb .idabirp irid laisos ukalirep/naiauseyne

hotnoC :

naakalecek idajret akij nisem nakitamem areges nesuH

ayntubmar ataynret ketkarp gnades gnay aynnamet gnaroes

areges aguj aiD .ratupreb gnades gnay sapik adap tukgnasret

adapek natagnirep irebmem namet - raga nial gnay namet

itahreb - gnay nisem nakanuggnem ketkarp gnades alkij itah

.pudih naadaek malad hisam

taubid gnay ) isamrofni ( nagnaretek halada : iridneS naropaL .)d

tapad gnay iridnes aynirid gnatnet awsis gnaroes helo

itkub utaus nakkujnunem nad pakis lanegnem kutnu agrahreb

.uti awsis )tanim( naitahrep

hotnoC :

tutnutid awsis paites aynasaib ,salegnem ketkarp haubes adaP

kadit akij anerak ,gnudnilep acak nakanugnem ulales kutnu

.atam adap nauggnag aynidajret naktabikagnem tapad naka

g halireB kococ gnilap gnay nabawaj adap hawab sira

. araduas helo gnudnilep acak naanuggnep nakgnarenem

( gnem araduas hakapA .)1 - kadiT / aY gnudnilep acak nakanug

? salegnem ketkarp akij

araduas hakgnires apareB .)2( gnadaK / ulaleS - / gnadak gnudnilep acak nakanuggnem hanreP kadiT

? salegnem ketkarp malad

agaB .)3( araduas tapadnep anami gnitneP / gnitneP tagnaS acak naiakamep gnatnet gnitneP kadiT ? salegnem malad gnudnilep

ialineP rabmeL nakanugnem naidabirpek /pakis isaulave hotnoC .)7 -

margorP malad nisneB rotoM narajalep atam adap naidabirpeK na

: fitomotO kinakeM idutS

04

awsiS naidabirpeK naialineP rabmeL

……………………… : kudnI .oN / awsiS amaN asuruJ fitomotO kinakeM : idutS margorP / n

……………………… : retsemeS / purG ……………………… : narajA nuhaT

nisneB rotoM : narajalep ataM

.oN kepsA

naidabirpek ialinid gnay

IALIN isnesbA SB B C K

19 - 001 67 - 09 16 - 57 0 - 06

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

nanilpisideK narujujeK sativitaerK

bawaJ gnuggnaT nabitreteK nahisrebeK nanaposeK

amasajreK

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

maJ = A maJ = I maJ = S

maJ = lmJ

halmuJ .... .... .... .... ataR - atar .... .... .... ....

takiderP ...........................

k naialinep nad takiderp itrA : natataC : naidabirpe 19 = ilakeS kiaB = SB - 001 67 = kiaB = B - 09 16 = pukuC = C - 57 = gnaruK = K 0 – 06 )nagnaretek apnat( apla = A : isnesbA

niji = I tikas = S

nasululeK airetirK .C

airetirK rokS 1( – )01 toboB liN ia nagnareteK

( fitingoK 7 .ds 1 romon laos ) 5

sulul tarayS laminim ialin

65

isaton silunem naitileteK 1

rudesorp natapeteK 2

nabawaj alumrof natapeteK 1

utkaw natapeteK 1

RIHKA IALIN

14

VI BAB PUTUNEP

ludum halnaikimeD 302 KTP .PVE – luduj nagned 30 isaulavE ( naidabirpeK nad pakiS narajalebmeP fitceffA ) iaseles halet ini

sid nusu nupuam fitamrof set ,sagut/nahital aparebeb ipakgnelid nagned

om nautnab nagneD .aynnabawaj icnuk atreseb rihka isaulave ini lud

nagnabmekrep iridnes uatnamem tapad awsisaham arap nakparahid

raneb halet akerem hakapa ,aynisnetepmok - isnetepmok ikilimem raneb

paites adap nakparahid gnay naujut adap nimrecret anamiagabes

.muleb uata rajaleb nataigek

y awsisaham arap igaB laminim nasululek tarays iapacnem halet gna

adap aynrajaleb nataigek nakitnehgnem tapad akerem akam ludom ini

.ayntukireb ludom ek naktujnalem nad tapad muleb akij aynkilabeS

ilabmek gnalugnem surah akerem akam ,laminim nasululek ihunemem

aturet aynrajaleb iretam naigab adap am - ayniasaukid muleb gnay iretam

( sulul muleb huggnus hibel surah akerem aynkiabes nad ) - huggnus

nautnab kusamret ada gnay satilisaf naktaafnamem nagned rajaleb malad

.ini hailukatam rotatilisaf iagabes nesod irad

24

TFAD AKATSUP RA

,nawaimeS yenoC 91 97 . naialineP & narukugneP kinkeT nad pisnirP

.nakididneP :atrakaJ araituM .

yaG , .9791 tnemerusaeM dna noitaulavE lanoitacudE dna lleB : oihO .lewoH

,.E namroN ,dnulnorG 91 67 . M .gnihcaeT ni noitaulavE dna tnemerusae kroY weN : .gnihsilbuP nalliM.caM

otiwuS idaH 91 , 29 . naurujeK nakididneP naialineP metsiS . gnudnaB :TG 3P tibreneP .

,rameO kilamaH 91 18 . .nakididneP isaulavE nad narukugneP kinkeT gnudnaB : .anaitraM akatsuP

.4891 ,otnawruP milagN pisnirP - pisnirp nad kinkeT isaulavE narajagneP .ayraK ajameR : gnudnaB

.1002 ,otemalS nakididneP isaulavE .araskA imuB : atrakaJ .III nakateC .

otnukirA imisrahuS , .5002 rasaD - .)isiveR isidE( nakididneP isaulavE rasad atrakaJ : araskA imuB .

ijdaruW 91 , 87 . aD ras - .rajaleB lisaH naialineP nad narukugneP rasad

atrakaygoY : aniD tibreneP .