XP Chapter 8 Emerging Technologies - WordPress.com Technologies Chapter 8 . XP ... Emerging Storage Devices • Two new trends in storage devices today: ... Chapter 8 Emerging Technologies

XP

Chapter 8

Computers and Technology in a Changing Society, Second Edition 1

Emerging Technologies

Chapter 8

XP

Chapter 8


Objectives

1. Describe what the PC of the future might look like, including some

examples of emerging types of hardware.

2. Understand the effect that emerging computer technologies, such

as nanotechnology, quantum computers, and optical computers,

may have on the PC of the future.

3. Name some emerging Internet and networking technologies.

4. Explain what is meant by the term ―artificial intelligence‖ (AI) and

list some AI applications.

XP

Chapter 8


Objectives (cont’d)

5. Discuss the concept of, and some applications for, virtual

reality (VR).

6. List some new and upcoming technological advances in

medicine.

7. Name some new and upcoming technological advances in the

military.

8. Discuss potential societal implications of emerging

technologies.

XP

Chapter 8


The PC of the Future

• PCs of the future will likely continue to shrink and be

faster, more powerful, and more user-friendly.

• They may not look like today’s PCs and instead be

built into walls, desks, appliances, clothing, and

more.

• Computers will likely continue to converge with other

devices, such as telephones and entertainment

devices.

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Hardware

• The overall size and appearance of PCs are

continuing to change. PCs are:

▪ Smaller

Figure 8-1

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Hardware

• The overall size and appearance of PCs are

continuing to change. PCs are:

▪ Made out of more flexible material

Figure 8-1

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Input Devices

• Examples:

▪ Virtual keyboard.

Figure 8-2

XP

Chapter 8



• Examples:

▪ Gesture touch pad.

Figure 8-2

XP

Chapter 8



• Examples:

▪ Vein recognition system.

Figure 8-2

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Processing Technologies

• Computer and CPU manufacturers are continually

working on ways to make computers:

▪ Run faster.

• Pipelining

• Hyperthreading

• Dual-core processors

▪ Run quieter.

▪ Consume less power.

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Output Devices

• Examples:

▪ 3-D flat-panel display.

Figure 8-3

XP

Chapter 8



• Examples:

▪ 3-D dome display.

Figure 8-3

XP

Chapter 8



• Examples:

▪ Wearable personal display.

Figure 8-3

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Storage Devices

• Two new trends in storage devices today:

▪ Making portable personal storage more secure

and convenient.

Figure 8-4

XP

Chapter 8


Emerging Storage Devices

• Two new trends in storage devices today:

▪ Making portable personal storage more secure

and convenient.

▪ Packing an increasing amount of data onto optical

discs.

Figure 8-4

XP

Chapter 8


Figure 8-6

Greener Hardware

• It is expected that the PC of the future will include

greener hardware than today. Possibilities include:

▪ Smaller and more energy-efficient PCs.

▪ Alternate powered devices.

XP

Chapter 8


Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology involves creating computer

components, machines, and other structures that are

less than 100 nanometers (nm) in size.

• Current CPUs typically contain transistors that are 50

nm in size.

• Moore’s Law is still applicable today—the number of

transistors on a chip now doubles about every 18

months.

XP

Chapter 8


Nanotechnology

• Components may eventually be built at the atomic

and molecular levels.

• Possible applications for the future include:

▪ Improved military uniforms.

▪ Microscopic robots that can enter the bloodstream

to perform tests or irradiate tumors.

▪ Neutralizing toxic trash.

▪ Organic computers.

XP

Chapter 8


Quantum and Optical Computers

• Quantum computing applies the principles

of quantum physics and quantum

mechanics to computers.

• Quantum computers utilize atoms or nuclei

working together as quantum bits or qubits.

• Theoretically, quantum computers will be able to

perform calculations exponentially faster than

conventional computers in specific applications.

Figure 8-7

XP

Chapter 8


Quantum and Optical Computers

• Optical chips use light waves to transmit data.

• Optical computers – uses light, such as from laser

beams or infrared beams, to perform computations.

• Optical computers can be smaller and faster than

electronic PCs.

• Opto-electronic computers contain both optical and

electronic components.

XP

Chapter 8


Improvements to the

Internet Infrastructure

• The wired portions of the Internet may see

improvements in the near future that increase speed

and functionality.

• The goal of the Internet2 project is to work continually

to improve connection speed.

• Some believe it will be necessary to create and use

an overlay network in conjunction with the Internet.

XP

Chapter 8


Wireless Networking Improvements

• Improvements to Wi-Fi, such as WiMax, are currently

under development.

▪ 75 Mbps broadband Internet access.

▪ Up to 31-mile range.

• For short-range connections, UltraWideband (UWB)

is an emerging option.

▪ Up to 1 Gbps

▪ 30 to 60 foot range.

XP

Chapter 8


Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)

• Uses the existing power-pole infrastructure and a

building’s regular power lines to provide access to the

Internet.

• BPL download speeds are

comparable to cable and DSL.

• Available only in very limited areas.

Figure 8-9

XP

Chapter 8


What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Artificial intelligence (AI) – The science and engineering of making intelligent machines.

• AI researchers are working to create machines that think and act like people.

• The Turing Test – a test of artificial intelligence developed in the 1950s.

▪ Loebner Prize

Figure 8-10

XP

Chapter 8


What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• Some initial advances in AI were made in the area of game playing – namely, chess.

▪ In 1997, the computer Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov in a chess match.

▪ In 2003, Kasparov played a 3-D chess match against X3D Fritz that ended in a draw.

Figure 8-11

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

• Intelligent agents – programs that perform

specific tasks to help make a user’s work

environment more efficient or entertaining.

• Types of intelligent agents include:

• Application assistants.

• Search agents.

• Shopping bots.

• Entertainment bots.

• Chatterbots. Figure 8-12

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

• Expert systems – software programs that perform

tasks that would otherwise be performed by a human

expert.

• Usually consist of two main components:

▪ Knowledge base – contains facts and rules

provided by a human expert.

▪ Inference engine – applies the rules to the data

stored in the knowledge base to reach decisions.

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

• Neural networks – AI systems that attempt to

imitate the way a human brain works.

• Consist of networks of processors that are

connected together in a manner similar to the way

neurons in the human brain are connected.

• Neural networks are designed to learn

by observation and by trial and error,

and are typically used to recognize

patterns in data. Figure 8-13

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

• Robotics – the field devoted to the study of robots.

• Robots – devices, controlled by a human operator or

a computer, that can move and react to sensory

input.

• Used for high-precision, but monotonous, jobs;

situations that are dangerous or impossible for

humans; and to assist people for personal or

business tasks.

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

• Examples of robots:

▪ ASIMO

Figure 8-14

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications


▪ ASIMO

▪ AIBO

Figure 8-14

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications


▪ ASIMO

▪ AIBO

Figure 8-14

▪ Roomba

XP

Chapter 8


AI Applications

Figure 8-14


▪ ASIMO

▪ AIBO

▪ Roomba

▪ PatrolBot

XP

Chapter 8


What Is Virtual Reality?

• Virtual Reality (VR) – the use of a computer to

create environments that look the way they do in the

real world.

• Can be used to:

▪ Take ―tours‖ of buildings, museums, vacation

destinations, and homes for sale.

▪ View products from all angles before purchasing.

▪ Receive training in and practice a new sport, skill,

or technique.

XP

Chapter 8


VR Applications

Figure 8-15

• Examples of VR applications:

▪ Entertainment

XP

Chapter 8


VR Applications

Figure 8-15


▪ Entertainment

▪ Training

XP

Chapter 8


VR Applications

Figure 8-15


▪ Entertainment

▪ Training

▪ E-commerce

XP

Chapter 8


Technological Advances in Medicine

• New technological advances in the area of medicine

include:

▪ Bionics, electronic monitoring, and electronic

implants.

▪ Robot-assisted surgery.

▪ Telemedicine.

XP

Chapter 8


Bionics, Electronic Monitoring, and

Electronic Implants

• Bionics refers to the replacement or enhancement of

body parts by mechanical versions.

▪ Can mimic or even surpass the functions of the

original body part.

• Electronic monitoring devices can transfer vital signs,

blood-sugar readings, or other medical data directly

to your attending physician.

▪ Can also be used to monitor elderly individuals

that live alone.

XP

Chapter 8


Bionics, Electronic Monitoring, and

Electronic Implants

• Electronic implants are placed inside the individual.

▪ Implanted cardiac devices.

▪ Brain-to-computer interfacing (BCI).

▪ VeriChip – a chip that is implanted

under a person’s skin to be used for

identification purposes; an ID number

can be used to retrieve data about the

individual, such as at a hospital.

Figure 8-16

XP

Chapter 8


Robot-Assisted Surgery

• Robot-assisted surgery – when a robot controlled

by a physician operates on a patient.

• Robotic surgical devices can be more precise and

use smaller incisions than human surgeons.

• Smaller incisions allow for less invasive surgery and

a faster recovery time.

• Telesurgery – when not all surgeons are in the

operating room.

XP

Chapter 8


Telemedicine

• Telemedicine – the use of communications

technology to provide medical information and

services.

• Telemedicine applications include:

▪ Telesurgery.

▪ Remote diagnosis.

▪ Remove previsit or follow-up care.

▪ Remote professional consultations.

XP

Chapter 8


Examples of Telemedicine

Applications

Figure 8-17

XP

Chapter 8


Technological Advances in the

Military

• The U.S. military works on a continual basis with

technological and research organizations to improve

military equipment, as well as to outfit soldiers with

more protective gear.

• The military is also involved in researching many of

the other emerging technologies already discussed,

such as nanotechnology and artificial intelligence.

XP

Chapter 8


Improvements in Military Equipment

• Recent improvements include:

▪ Smart bombs.

▪ Smart guns.

▪ Some components of the Land

Warrior system, such as helmet

mounted displays and handheld

computers that can display the

locations of friendlies

and enemies in a designated area. Figure 8-18

XP

Chapter 8


Improvements in Military Equipment

• Improvements for the future include:

▪ More components of the Land

Warrior system, such as e-fabric and

body sensors.

▪ Future Combat System (FCS)

▪ Exoskeleton suit – a wearable

robotic system designed to give

soldiers additional physical

capabilities and protection. Figure 8-18

XP

Chapter 8


Improved Surveillance Tools

• Current and future tools include:

▪ Unmanned aircraft, such as Predator and Global

Hawk.

▪ Battlefield robots – robots

used to assess the safety of

trails, buildings, caves, and

other structures before soldiers

enter them.

▪ Smart dust.

▪ Optical camouflaging. Figure 8-19

XP

Chapter 8


• There are usually many benefits to a new computing

technology, but not all advances are embraced by all

individuals.

• Security and privacy issues are continual areas of

concern with emerging technologies.

• Possible dangers include trusting intelligent computers

and robots too much, losing ourselves to virtual reality,

and allowing medical technology to enable people to be

controlled by others.

Societal Implications of

Emerging Technologies

XP

Chapter 8


Summary

• The PC of the Future

• Emerging Internet and Networking Technologies

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Virtual Reality (VR)

• Technological Advances in Medicine

XP

Chapter 8


Summary (cont’d)

• Technological Advances in the Military

• Societal Implications of Emerging Technology

Documents

XP Chapter 8 Emerging Technologies - WordPress.com Technologies Chapter 8 . XP ... Emerging Storage Devices • Two new trends in storage devices today: ... Chapter 8 Emerging Technologies