XML_Session05

8/13/2019 XML_Session05

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Extensible Markup Language

Session 5

A CSS is a text file containing one or more rules or

definitions for the style characteristics of a particular

element.

It controls how tags are formatted in XML and HTML

documents.The CSS file can be included in XML documents with the

same data structure.

Introducing Cascading Style Sheet


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Session 5

The syntax for coding a CSS is:elementname {

property1: value;

property2: value;

}

Creating CSS

elementnamespecifies the

name of the element.


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property1: value;

property2: value;

}

Creating CSS (Contd.)

property1and property2

specify the property names,

such as font-family, font-size,

and color


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Session 5


property1: value;

property2: value;

}

Creating CSS (Contd.)

valuespecifies the property

values for a property name.

For example, to display the film title in red, you can

type the following code in a CSS file:FILM {COLOR: RED}


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Session 5

A CSS can be applied to an XML

document using the following

syntax:

Applying CSS

Instructs the browser that the

XML document uses a

stylesheet.


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syntax:

Applying CSS (Contd.)

Specifies the type of

formatting that is being used.




Session 5



syntax:

Applying CSS (Contd.)

Specifies the name of the

CSS file used to format the

XML document.




Session 5

Problem Statement:

Jim, the XML developer at CyberShoppe, has been asked to

display the product details for Cybershoppe in a browser in the

following format:

The price per unit, description, and quantity on hand for each

product should be displayed in teal, with a font size of 10 pts.

The product name should be displayed in red, with a font size of

20 pts. It should be displayed in bold.

All details should be displayed in the Arial font.

Demo: Creating a CSS


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Session 5

CSS does not support the reorder, sort, and display of

elements based on a condition.

For such advanced formatting, XML supports Extensible

Style Sheet Language (XSL).

XSL has two parts:XSL Transformations (XSLT)

XML Path (XPath)

XSL:

Contains instructions on how an XML document should be

transformed into an HTML or an XHTML document.Uses XPath expressions to extract specific data from an XML

document.

The XSLT processor transforms the XML document into an

HTML or XHTML or into another XML document.

Introducing XSL


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Session 5

The XSLT processor applies the transformation information

to the source document and builds the result tree as shown

in the following figure.

Analyzing the Working of the XSLT Processor

MSXML Parser

XSLT tree

XSLT

processor

Source tree

Result tree

XSLT style sheet

XML document


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Session 5

XSLT provides the following elements to select and format

data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

text

Formatting Data Using XSLT


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data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

text

Formatting Data Using XSLT (Contd.)

Instructs the browser that the document is a style

sheet file.

Is the root element for all XSLT style sheets.

Is written as:


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data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

text

Displays the value of the specified element or

attribute.

Follows the syntax:



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data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

text

Instructs the XSLT processor to process the

information for each instance of the specified pattern.

Follows the syntax:

[action to be performed]



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data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

text

Sorts data based on the values assigned to elements and

attributes.

Follows the syntax:


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data:

stylesheet

value-of

for-each

sort

textGenerates constant text in the output and displays

labels.

Follows the syntax: Text to be displayed as

label



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XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO):

Is an XML-based language that formats XML documents into

pages, paragraphs, and lists.

Provides various objects and properties that define the

formatting of XML objects.

Provides a basic document structure that contains the

formatting objects and properties.

Formatting Data Using XSL Formatting Objects


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The following code snippet depicts the structure of an XML

document:

Is

Formatting Data Using XSL Formatting Objects (Contd.)


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The XSL-FO objects provides a logical layout to an XML

document.

The content of an XML document can be split into pages.

These pages are divided into following four areas:

Regions: Are the topmost areas in the page.Block areas: Are the block level elements.

Line areas: Contain the text within the block areas.

Inline areas: Are part of line areas.



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The XSL-FO properties specifies the type of formatting that

can be specified on the XSL-FO objects.

Consider the following code-snippet:


This element defines a template

with the name right.

This specifies that the left margin

of the template is set to 5 inches.

This specifies that the right margin

of the template is set to 2 inches.


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A template rule:

Describes how an XML element and its contents are converted

into a specific format for displaying in the browser.

Consists of two parts:

A pattern that identifies an XML element in an XML document.

An action or processing code that details the transformation and

rendering of the resulting element.

XSLT uses two main elements for creating template rules:

template

apply-templates

Creating XSLT Template Rules


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A template rule:








template

apply-templates

Creating XSLT Template Rules (Contd.)

Defines a template for the desired

output.

Follows the syntax:

[action to be taken]


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A template rule:








template

apply-templates Instructs the XSLT processor to find an

appropriate template and perform the specifiedtasks on selected elements.

Follows the syntax:

Creating XSLT Template Rules (Contd.)


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Session 5

Problem Statement:

CyberShoppe needs to display product details, such as

product ID, name, and price per unit. The following figure

depicts a sample output.

The details about the products should be displayed in red.

Demo: Creating an XSLT Style Sheet to Format Data


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Session 5

The various departments of a university store data in

different formats. The IT department of the university

decides to use XML as the data interchange format to

transmit the data between the departments. Which of the

following would be the best approach to accomplish the task

using XML?

a. Devise a common information model and enforce its use by all

the departments that need to exchange data.

b. Implement a conversion application that can handle the data

received from other departments.

Practice Questions


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c. Use an XSLT style sheet to convert the incoming or outgoing

XML document into the format used within the departments.

d. Modify the XML schema to use the same content model in all

departments.

Answer:

c. Use an XSLT style sheet to convert the incoming or outgoing

XML document into the format used within the departments.

Practice Questions (Contd.)


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Session 5

Which of the following code snippets can be used in an XMLdocument named Test.xml to associate it with a style

sheet named Test.css?

a.

b.

c.

d.

Practice Questions

Answer:

a.


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Session 5

Consider the following statements:

Statement A: CSS can be used to reorder, add, delete, or

perform other operations on elements.

Statement B: CSS uses less memory when compared to

XSLT.Which of the following is correct about the preceding

statements?

a. Statement A is True, and Statement B is False.

b. Statement A is False, and Statement B is True.

c. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are True.d. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are False.

Answer:

b. Statement A is False, and Statement B is True.

Practice Questions


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Session 5

Which element must contain one or more when elements?

a. xsl:if

b. xsl:for-each

c. xsl:sort

d. xsl:choose

Answer:

d. xsl:choose

Practice Questions


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Session 5

In this session, you learned that:

Rendering is the process of formatting and presenting the data

in an XML document in different formats.

A style sheet is a document that contains the formatting rules

for one or several XML documents. The two types of style

sheets that can be used with XML documents are:CSS

XSL

CSS is used to define the style or appearance of an XML

document.

XSL is made up of XSLT and XPath.XSLT is used to display selective elements or attributes, sort

data on one or more elements, and process the data based on

conditions.

Summary


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The XSLT processor applies the transformation information

contained in the XSLT style sheet and builds a resultant tree

structure, which is then rendered to various targets.

XSLT elements, such as template, apply-templates,

sort, for-each, and value-ofare used to extract and

format data.XSL-FO provides formatting objects to break XML documents

into pages, paragraphs, and lists. The associated properties of

the formatting objects allow you to format the XML documents.

A template rule describes how an XML element and its

contents are converted into a format that can be displayed in

the browser.

Summary (Contd.)

Documents

XML_Session05