XML. Markup Languages u What does this number (100) mean? –Actually, it’s just a string of characters! –A markup language can be used to distinguish this

XML

Markup Languages

What does this number (100) mean?– Actually, it’s just a string of characters!– A markup language can be used to distinguish

this string of characters from other strings and to add some meaning to it

A markup language is simply a computer language of codes and tags (a.k.a. containers)

< 100

Markup for Web Pages

The standard markup language used to create Web pages is – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

A (elements … containers) that

a document containing text and data

<title> Contains your document’s title</title> <body> Contains your document’s information <center>For centering things</center> <h1>For large text</h1> </body>

HTML (continued) <html> <head> <title> My Web document </title> </head> <body> <center> <h1> My professor’s weight is 100</h1> </center> </body> </html>

HTML is used to but HTML cannot be used by other applications because it

XML: eXtensible Markup Language Extensible: that which can be extended, it is

flexible, and can be added to. XML adds that is

being transmitted.– <weight>100</weight>

Because XML can be used to businesses are beginning to adopt it as the “new” standard for EDI (

). XML is directly usable over the Internet and it can be used to store, deliver, and exchange information over and between networks.

How Would You Describe

A person– L– First Name– A– Gender– Hair Color– W– Height– Birthdate– College Major

A building at KSU– N– L– When Built– Architect– Primary College Using the Building

A university in the Big 12– N– City– State– Mascot– Abbreviation– C (primary school color)

I (an XML instance

document)

<?xml version=“1.0”?> <SelectedBig12Universities>

– <University> <name>Kansas State University</name> <city>Manhattan</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot>Wildcat</mascot> <abbreviation> KSU</abbreviation> <color> Purple</color>

– </University>– <University>

<name> University of Kansas</name> <city>Lawrence</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot> Jayhawk </mascot> <abbreviation> KU</abbreviation> <color> Blue</color>

– </University> </SelectedBig12Universities>

Instance Document

A tree

SelectedBig12Universities

University University University

Name City State Mascot

Abbreviation Color


Abbreviation Color


Abbreviation Color

R element: Selected Big 12 Universities

Mid-level elements: individual universities

Individual data content

Core XML Technologies The XML Instance document

– S in a hierarchical format– XML Instance documents are the heart of XML.

XML Schemas– Defines the of a and

the types of values that elements may hold.– XML Schemas are used to validate the XML instance

documents. Someone who has your schema knows what the information that you will be sending them or exchanging with them will look like.

XSL (the extensible Stylesheet Language)– Describes how the XML data – Used to convert an XML instance document from one to another.

Some of the formatting can be undertaken using HTML.

An XML Instance Document

<?xml version=“1.0”?> <SelectedBig12Universities>

– <University> <name>Kansas State University</name> <city>Manhattan</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot>Wildcat</mascot> <abbreviation> KSU</abbreviation> <color> Purple</color>

– </University>– <University>

<name> University of Kansas</name> <city>Lawrence</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot> Jayhawk </mascot> <abbreviation> KU</abbreviation> <color> Blue</color>

– </University> </SelectedBig12Universities>

Follows a hierarchical format that you can expand or collapse

Inventory Schema

A description of the that XMLinstance documents

Applicationsthat understanda schema and can process any associated, valid documents. Schemas define the

of valid instance documents.

Schema in e-business If you are an e-business and you want to share and

automatically process xml documents with your business partners, you will need schemas to define the rules that your instance documents follow and the rules that your partners’ documents follow. You will share your schemas with your business partners so that all of you can accurately process each others’ XML documents.

X (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a specific XML schema that describes the elements/data in

Schema in e-business Accounting firms and government agencies are

working on Schemas are being developed to facilitate the transfer

of financial information between banks, businesses, and customers.

e-Businesses are developing schemas to transfer business transaction information via the Internet.

The IRS is developing schemas for tax reporting and electronic filing.

X (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a specific XML schema that describes the elements/data in

Language of Love for Mutual FundsXBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)

• X is one of the XML schemas ( that documents of a certain type )

• If your organization is required to report data to a regulatory body, they will dictate the rules that you have to follow when doing your reporting. That is where schemas come into play.

• If data has been “tagged” using XML/XBRL, then it is very easy to pull relevant data from long reports/filings, and then be able to analyze and compare data across many different sources.– After some sort of computer program is created, with the click of a mouse,

an XML processor can retrieve tagged data from whatever data repository it is in

Used to instance documents

The XSL Stylesheet

XSL Stylesheet

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">

<xsl:template match = "/"><HTML><TABLE BORDER = "1"><TR><TH>Item</TH> <TH>Cost</TH> <TH>QOH</TH> <TH>TOTAL</TH></TR>

<xsl:for-each select="inventory/item"><TR><TD> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> </TD><TD> <xsl:value-of select="cost"/> </TD><TD> <xsl:value-of select="qoh"/> </TD><TD> <xsl:value-of select="cost * qoh"/> </TD></TR></xsl:for-each>

</TABLE></HTML>

</xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>

5 row, 4 column

table with multiple

cells

Well-Formed XML Instance Documents Well-formed XML documents can be processed

by an XML processor.– Internet Explorer can serve as an XML processor.– XML is also a feature built into Office XP and Office 2003

A well-formed XML document all of the XML – There is one and– Tags must balance – every

– XML – upper and lowercase

characters are different.– Opening and closing tags must be the same, except

the closing tag starts with a slash (/).

XML SummaryExtensible Markup Language

HTML was designed to and to focus on how data looks.

XML was designed to and to focus on what data is.

XML Technologies– Instance documents– Schemas (what they look like

and what they must contain)– Stylesheets describe how to

XML is the new foundation/standard