XML Extensible Markup Language is simply a set of rules.This set of rules identifies how you can define tags that seprate a document into individual parts

XML Extensible Markup Language is simply a set of rules.This set of rules identifies how you can define tags that seprate a document into individual parts and subparts. XML rules are based on earlier markup language called the SGML(standard generalized markup language) which was developed to provide a method to identify the portions and content of a document,not by the actual content or line no.but by the type of information it contains. XML cretes text files to store your structured information. 1Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML is very easy to use,easy to read by a computer,easy to debug and easy to use to crate XML suitable for any industry that uses structured data such as spreadsheetdatabases,financial information and technical drawings. XML file can be saved with.xml extension. What is XML? XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language XML is a markup language much like HTML XML was designed to carry data, not to display data XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags XML is designed to be self-descriptive XML is a W3C Recommendation 2Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The Difference Between XML and HTML XML is not a replacement for HTML. XML and HTML were designed with different goals: XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks 3Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Does Not DO Anything Maybe it is a little hard to understand, but XML does not DO anything. XML was created to structure, store, and transport information. The following example is a note to Tove, from Jani, stored as XML: Tove Jani Reminder Don't forget me this weekend! always appearing as the first line in xml document which specify the version of xml that is used. used to specify the relationship xml file to other file. The note above is quite self descriptive. It has sender and receiver information, it also has a heading and a message body. 4Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

With XML You Invent Your Own Tags The tags in the example above (like and ) are not defined in any XML standard. These tags are "invented" by the author of the XML document. That is because the XML language has no predefined tags. The tags used in HTML are predefined. HTML documents can only use tags defined in the HTML standard (like,, etc.). XML allows the author to define his/her own tags and his/her own document structure. 5Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Extensible Stylesheet Language(XSL) The Extensible Style Language (XSL) is a more advanced style-sheet language specifically designed for use with XML documents. XSL documents are themselves well-formed XML documents. XSL is a language for expressing style sheets. An XSL style sheet is, like with CSS, a file that describes how to display an XML document of a given type.CSS The XSL standards provides a framework for converting XML documents to other forms of structured text(HTML) and for studying XML documents for output to various media including print and electronic media. 6Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The Need for XSL CSS can not change the order of appearance of content within a document. CSS can not display attribute values,even though you can use attribute as selectors in CSS rules. CSS does not address the ongoing need for formatting documents in print. XSL is the bridge between XML and HTML 7Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

8 Using an XSL Processor XSL Processor XML document XML document XSL stylesheet XSL stylesheet Result is either an XML, HTML or text document Result is either an XML, HTML or text document Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The XSL standard actually comprises two specification- 1.XSL Transformation(XSLT) 2.XSL Formatting Objects(XSL-FO) 9Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XSLT An XSLT stylesheet is a program that transforms an XML document into another non-XML document For example: Transforming XML to XHTML (HTML that conforms to XML syntax) Transforming an XML document to WML (a format of XML that cellular phones can display) XSLT accomplishes the transformation using series of one or more template rule with source documents to be transformed. These template rules are fed into XSLT processor which performs the desired transformation. 10Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

An xsl:template element consist of 2 parts- 1.A match expression indicating which portion of the source document will be processed by this template rule. 2.The template proper, meaning something to be instantiated or some action to take place when a matching portion of the source document is found. 11Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

For eg.- Consider the following xml document. Compelete Reference XML Heather Williamson Assume that we want to convert the above document into HTML. Specifically the Book title will be transformed to a level-1 and author name will transformed to level-2 heading. The following XSLT style sheet accomplish the objective. 12Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

http://www.w3.org/TR/REC/Html-40 Book information 13Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Linking XSLT Style sheet to an XML Document- The result of passing this style sheet through XSLT processor will be the html document- Book Information Complete Reference heather Williamson 14Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XSL-FO(XSL-Formatting Objects) :-Formatting Objects) it consist of Comprehensive set of markup that works much like CSS to render XML documents for display,print and other media. A language for formatting XML documents Unlike CSS or XSLT style sheet, it is not linked directly to an xml document because the XSL-FO vocabulary is not meant to style another document,it styles its own documents content. Its all content comes from an XSLT style sheet. The html vocabulary consist of elements & attributes representing combination of content and presentation but XSL-FO vocabulary represents nothing but presentation. 15Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The XSL-FO specification defines a quite large no. of elements and attributes. We could use XSLT to transform the document to XSL-FO instead of HTML XSL-FO documents are stored in files with a.fo or a.fob file extension. You can also store XSL- FO documents with an.xml extension (to make them more accessible to XML editors). 16Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

What is XSL-FO XSL-FO is a language for formatting XML data XSL-FO stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects XSL-FO is based on XML XSL-FO is a W3C Recommendation XSL-FO is now formally named XSL 17Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

18Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET"> 18Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET"> 18Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET" title="XSL-FO Document Structure 18Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET">

XSL-FO Document Structure 18Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Structure explained XSL-FO documents are XML documents, and must always start with an XML declaration: The element is the root element of XSL-FO documents. The root element also declares the namespace for XSL-FO: The element contains one or more page templates: 19Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Each element contains a single page template. Each template must have a unique name (master-name): One or more elements describe the page contents. The master-reference attribute refers to the simple-page-master template with the same name: Note: The master-reference "A4" does not actually describe a predefined page format. It is just a name. You can use any name like "MyPage", "MyTemplate", etc. 20Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XSL-FO Output XSL-FO output is normally nested inside elements, nested inside elements, nested inside elements: Example Hello HOW ARE YOU 21Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The output from this code would be something like this: Hello HOW ARE YOU 22Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

DTD(Document Type Definition) A DTD (Document Type Definition) describes the structure of one or more XML documents. Specifically, a DTD describes: Elements Attributes, and Entities DTD provide the rules by which information within your XML document can be validated. It can be internal or external. An XML document is well-structured if it follows certain simple syntactic rules. An XML document is valid if it also specifies and conforms to a DTD. Only the valid documents are valuable in terms of sharing and retrieving information. 23Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML documents are designed to be processed by computer programs If you can put just any tags in an XML document, its very hard to write a program that knows how to process the tags A DTD specifies what tags may occur, when they may occur, and what attributes they may (or must) have. A DTD allows the XML document to be verified (shown to be legal) A DTD that is shared across groups allows the groups to produce consistent XML documents. 24Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

A validating parser is an XML parser that compares the XML document to a DTD and reports any errors Most browsers dont use validating parsers DTD(Document Type Definition) 25Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

An XML example This is the great American novel. It was a dark and stormy night. Suddenly, a shot rang out! An XML document contains- Elements, such as novel and paragraph, consisting of tags and content Attributes, such as number="1", consisting of a name and a value Entities (not used in this example) 26Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

A DTD example ]> A novel consists of a foreword and one or more chapter s, in that order Each chapter must have a number attribute A foreword consists of one or more paragraph s A chapter also consists of one or more paragraph s A paragraph consists of parsed character data. 27Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

PCDATA PCDATA means parsed character data,Think of character data as the text found between the start tag and the end tag of an XML element. PCDATA is text that WILL be parsed by a parser. The text will be examined by the parser for entities and markup. Tags inside the text will be treated as markup and entities will be expanded. However, parsed character data should not contain any &, characters; these need to be represented by the & < and > entities, respectively. CDATA CDATA means character data. CDATA is text that will NOT be parsed by a parser. Tags inside the text will NOT be treated as markup and entities will not be expanded. 28Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

#PCDATA describes elements with only character data #PCDATA can be used in an or grouping: This is called mixed content Attributes Attributes provide extra information about elements. Attributes are always placed inside the opening tag of an element. In XML: In DTD: 29Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

30 Types of DTD Internal DTD DTD is created within the XML document itself. External DTD Instead of copying the DTD into each document, you create an external file that contains the DTD. Reference its URL for each document that uses it. Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Internal DTD 31Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

External DTD Create a new text file with any text editor Define the rules of the DTD. Save file as text only with the (.dtd) extension. 32Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

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Linking to Document Type Definition Ken Anderson Lukasz Kurgan Ok! We can see some progress The SYSTEM declaration identifies this DTD as being part of local,or nonpublic selection of DTD and use PUBLIC for official, published DTDs. And also with PUBLIC we use full path URL of the document.like "http://www.mysite.com/mydoc.dtd"> 33Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Another example: XML 05/29/2002 Philadelphia, PA USA 84 51 34Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The DTD for this example 35Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Limitations of DTDs DTDs are a very weak specification language You cant put any restrictions on element contents Its difficult to specify: All the children must occur, but may be in any order This element must occur a certain number of times There are only ten data types for attribute values But most of all: DTDs arent written in XML! If you want to do any validation, you need one parser for the XML and another for the DTD This makes XML parsing harder than it needs to be There is a newer and more powerful technology: XML Schemas However, DTDs are still very much in use 36Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Namespace The purpose of XML Namespaces is to distinguish between duplicate element and attribute names. In order to give documents the ability to use multiple elements of the same name within the same document,XML namespace was created. For example: $ Both sedans and trucks have the same price element, so the parser doesnt know which one is which. 37Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Notation for Namespace- Namespace is a mapping between an element prefix and a URL. For eg. cars is the prefix in this example, URLs are not a pointer to information about the Namespace. They are just unique identifiers. You cannot resolve XML namespace URIs. 38Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Ways to Specify Namespaces 1.Inside the XML file. 2.Inside the DTD file. 39Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

This XML carries HTML table information: Apples Bananas This XML carries information about a table (a piece of furniture): African Coffee Table 80 120 1.Inside the XML File 40Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

If these XML fragments were added together, there would be a name conflict. Both contain a element, but the elements have different content and meaning. An XML parser will not know how to handle these differences. Name conflicts in XML can easily be avoided using a name prefix. When using prefixes in XML, a so- called namespace for the prefix must be defined. 41Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Apples Bananas African Coffee Table 80 120 42Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

In the example above, the xmlns attribute in the tag give the h: and f: prefixes a qualified namespace. When a namespace is defined for an element, all child elements with the same prefix are associated with the same namespace. Namespaces can be declared in the elements where they are used or in the XML root element. 43Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Apples Bananas African Coffee Table 80 120 44Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Default Namespaces Defining a default namespace for an element saves us from using prefixes in all the child elements. It has the following syntax: xmlns="namespaceURI" Default namespace affects element names only; it does not apply to attributes. In long documents with a lot of markup, all in the same namespace, you might find it inconvenient to add a prefix to each element name. You can attach a default namespace to an element and its child elements using an xmlns attribute with no prefix. 45Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

This XML carries HTML table information : Apples Bananas This XML carries information about a piece of furniture: African Coffee Table 80 120 46Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

A Namespace specification can be overridden using the prefixes. Its uppercase now. 47Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

2.Inside the DTD File Here is a sample Namespace specification within a DTD. ] > 48Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Schema XML Schema documents are used to define and validate the content and structure of XML data. Schema provide a means of defining the structure,content and semantics of XML documents that can be shared between many types of computers and documents. XML Schemas are based on XML so like XML they can be created in a simple text editor or by one of available development programs that are availabe through internet. It can be saved with.xsd extension. 49Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Schema was originally proposed by Microsoft, but became an official W3C recommendation in May 2001. Diffrence between DTD and Schema 1)DTD are focused on providing simple data typing on attributes and elements of XML documents while XML schema provides a systematic data typing capability. 2) DTD provide a basic macro facility using parameter entities, XML Schema allow you to re- create these effects using a system of high level built in features. 50Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Schema Workflow 51Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Example- Computer Concept and Web Technology Williamson PHD 52Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Save as Book.xsd The use of element defines the order of the child elements. 53Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Element types Schema breaks your XML document elements into 2 types 1.complex types 2.simple types 1.Complex types- Complex types of elementes,which enable attribute and elements in their content are created using schema element declaration. 54Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

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Inheritance Each complex type definition is either a restriction of a complex type definition an extension of a simple or complex type definition a restriction of the ur-type definition. Example 55Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Type Definitions Simple Type Definition VS. Complex Type Definition Attributes & Elements without element children Complex Type Definition Simple Type Definition Elements 56Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Simple Type Definition Simple Type Definition can be: a restriction of some other simple type; a list or union of simple type definition;or a built-in primitive datatypes. Example 57Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Advantages of Schema Syntax in XML Style. Supporting Namespace and import/include More data types. Able to create complex data type by inheritance Inheritance by extension or restriction. 58Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Problems of XML Schema General Problem Several-hundred-page spec in a very technical language Practical Limitations of expressibility content and attribute declarations cannot depend on attributes or element context. Technical Problem The notion of type adds an extra layer of confusing complexity 59Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Extensible linking Language (XLL) XLL stands for Extensible Linking language and consists of the following parts: XLink - Advanced linking. It links to multiple destinations, is bi-directional and allows for links to be displayed on other documents. XPointer - It is built on XPath and it establishes a common system to specify node locations. It allows for locating data that is not a complete node. 60Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XLINK(XML Linking Language) XLink is short for XML Linking Language Define link relationships among more than two resources. XLink is capable of linking more than just documents; XLink links resources which includes documents,audio,video,database data,etc. XLink is used to create hyperlinks in XML documents Any element in an XML document can behave as a link. 61Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XLink is a W3C Recommendation. XLink supports simple links (like HTML) and extended links (for inking multiple resources together) With XLink, the links can be defined outside the linked files. Web Browsers will eventually support XLink. However,XLink is intended for a broader base of applications, not just Web browsers. Xlink elements that specify linking information are called linking elements. 62Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Xlink allow XML document to- 1.Create a relationship of links between multiple documents. 2.Add information about the link to a link(metadata). 3. Create and describe links to documents in a myriad of locations. 63Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Xlink Namespace The XML Namespace specification controls how declaration of other standardized documents or document defining elements and attributes used within an XML document must be referenced. the xlink prefix is the standard method of referring to the Xlink namespace in XML documents. 64Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Xlink Attribute- type-specifies the type of link to be created. href-specifies the address of the link. role-Specifies the type of resource that defines the destination of the link. arcrole-Specifies the type of resource that defines the source of the link. title-Describes the meaning of a link. show-Specifies how the destination resource should be displayed. actuate-Specifies when the link should be traversed. label-Specifies an identifiable name for the link. From-Refrences a label of a link to use as a reference point in the traversal of the current link. To-References a label of a link to use as a destination reference point in the traversal of the current link. 65Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Types of Links 1.Simple Links 2.Extended Links Simple Links:- Define a one-way connection between two resources. One resource is an xml element and the other is remote. This is the only link that looks like the html anchor element. Simple Links are always outbound. 66Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The W"> The Wonderful Wizard of Oz L. Frank Baum 1900 67Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET"> The W" title="Simple link Example- The W">

Simple link Example- The Wonderful Wizard of Oz L. Frank Baum 1900 67Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

simple - Link Example XML Document Role definition Linked resource Instruction to open the link in a new window when the link is traversed Instruction to traverse the link when loading the original document 68Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

2.Extended Link:- Define a collection of resources and links between them. These may be used to define a directed, labeled graph. It provides complex linking relationship among multiple resources including both inbound(arriving from another destination) and outbound(departing for a another destination) arcs. 69Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Extended links will normally contain the following:- Local resources involved in the connections. These have type=resource Remote resources involved in the connections. These have type=locator Descriptions of the connections,These have type=arc An element with XLink type=title only has XLink specified meaning if it is the child of an element with an XLink type of extended, locator, or arc An element with XLink type=none has no XLink specified meaning. 70Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

71 Example of extended links Linear Algebra Linear Algebra II Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPOINTER Xpointer stands for XML Pointer Language. XPointer, defines an addressing scheme for individual parts of an XML document. XLinks point to a URL that specifies a particular resource. The URL may include an XPointer part that more specifically identifies the desired part or element of the targeted resource or document. It allow you to identify fragments or individual parts of XML documents for linking purpose which can be used by any Uniform Resource Identifier(URI) reference to locate Internet media Resource type such as text,images,or applications. Xpointer can be used to identify the specific strings and content of a document. 72Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The XPointer extension to XPath allows it to- 1.Address point,ranges and nodes. 2.using string matching to locate information. 3.using addressing expression in URI references as identifiersof fragments. If the hyperlink points to an XML document, we can add an XPointer part after the URL in the xlink:href attribute,to navigate (with an XPath expression) to a specific place in the document. XPointer Example- In this example, we will show you how to use XPointer in conjunction with XLink to point to a specific part of another document. 73Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

The following XML document refers to information of the Colleges for each of my college, all through XLink and XPointer references: 76Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Entities Entities are placeholders in XML. You declare an entity in the document prolog or in a DTD, and you can refer to it many times in the document. Different types of entities have different uses. You can substitute characters that are difficult or impossible to type with character entities. You can pull in content that lives outside of your document with external entities. And rather than type the same thing over and overvagain, such as boilerplate text, you can instead define your own general entities. The storage unit that contains the XML declaration, the document type declaration, and the root element is called the document entity. 77Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

An entity consists of a name and a value. When an XML parser begins to process a document, it first reads a series of declarations, some of which define entities by associating a name with a value. The value is anything from a single character to a file of XML markup. As the parser scans the XML document, it encounters entity references, which are special markers derived from entity names. For each entity reference, the parser consults a table in memory for something with which to replace the marker 78Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

It replaces the entity reference with the appropriate replacement text or markup, then resumes parsing just before that point, so the new text is parsed too. Any entity references inside the replacement text are also replaced; this process repeats as many times as necessary. 79Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Types of entities 1.General entities for use in document 1.Internal 2.External Example of use: &entity; 2.Parameter entities for use in DTD 1.Internal 2.External Example of use: %entity; 80Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

General entity It is used to add content to XML documents by substituting information for the entity reference that is used within the document. General entity references begin with an ampersand (&) and end with a semicolon(;), with the entitys name between these two characters. internal general entity Internal entities are defined completely within the document and external entities draw their content from another resource located via a URL. Internal general entity references are defined in the DTD with the tag, which has the following format: 81Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Example:- &DV; 1999 &DV; [email protected] March 10, 1999 82Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Predefined General Entity XML predefines five general entity references, as listed in Table 9-1. These five entity references appear in XML documents in place of specific characters that would otherwise be interpreted as markup. For instance, the entity reference < stands for the less-than sign (

Once the company and customer DTDs are created you can start creating the primary XML documents DTD. The complete DTD for this document is given- %customer; %company; 93Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

94Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPath W3C has issued the Xpath as a means of locating any single unit of content,any node within an xml document. XPath is used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document. XPath is a major element in W3C's XSLT standard - and XQuery and XPointer are both built on XPath expressions. What is Xpath? XPath is a syntax for defining parts of an XML document. XPath uses path expressions to navigate in XML documents. XPath contains a library of standard functions XPath is a major element in XSLT. XPath is a W3C recommendation. 95Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Fig.Xpath,XSLT and XLink 96Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPath Path Expressions XPath uses path expressions to select nodes or node-sets in an XML document. These path expressions look very much like the expressions you see when you work with a traditional computer file system. XPath Standard Functions XPath includes over 100 built-in functions. There are functions for string values, numeric values, date and time comparison, node and QName manipulation, sequence manipulation, Boolean values, and more 97Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPath is Used in XSLT XPath is a major element in the XSLT standard. Without XPath knowledge you will not be able to create XSLT documents 98Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPath Terminology Nodes In XPath, there are seven kinds of nodes: element, attribute, text, namespace, processing-instruction, comment, and document nodes. XML documents are treated as trees of nodes. The topmost element of the tree is called the root element. Look at the following XML document: Harry Potter J K. Rowling 2005 29.99 99Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Example of nodes in the XML document above: (root element node) J K. Rowling (element node) lang="en" (attribute node) Atomic values Atomic values are nodes with no children or parent. Example of atomic values:J K. Rowling "en Items Items are atomic values or nodes. 100Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Xpath Syntax 103Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XPath Examples- Loading the XML Document Using XMLHttpRequest to load XML documents is supported in all modern browsers. Code for most modern browsers: var xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest() Code for old Microsoft browsers (IE 5 and 6): var xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") Selecting Nodes Internet Explorer uses the selectNodes() method to select nodes from the XML document: xmlDoc.selectNodes(xpath); 108Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari use the evaluate() method to select nodes from the XML document: xmlDoc.evaluate(xpath, xmlDoc, null, XPathResult.ANY_TYPE,null); Select all the titles The following example selects all the title nodes: Example /bookstore/book/title Select the title of the first book The following example selects the title of the first book node under the bookstore element: Example /bookstore/book[1]/title 109Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Parser All modern browsers have a built-in XML parser. An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object - which can then be manipulated with JavaScript. 110Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

XML Application XML is a meta-markup language for designing domain-specific markup languages. Each XML-based markup language is called an XML application. Each XML application has its own syntax and vocabulary. 113Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Chemical Markup Language CML was originally developed as an SGML application, and gradually transitioned to XML as the XML standard developed. In its most simplistic form, CML is HTML plus molecules, but it has applications far beyond the limited confines of the Web. Molecular documents often contain thousands of different, very detailed objects. For example, a single medium-sized organic molecule may contain hundreds of atoms, each with several bonds. 114Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Example(The water molecule H2O) H O H 1 2 2 3 1 1 115Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Mathematical Markup Language The Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) is an XML application for mathematical equations. MathML is sufficiently expressive to handle pretty much all forms of math. Channel Definition Format Microsofts Channel Definition Format (CDF) is an XML application for defining channels. Web sites use channels to upload information to readers who subscribe to the site rather than waiting for them to come and get it. This is alternately called Webcasting or push. 116Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

A CDF document is an XML file, separate from, but linked to an HTML document on the site being pushed. The channel defined in the CDF document determines which pages are sent to the readers, how the pages are transported, and how often the pages are sent. You can add CDF to your site without changing any of the existing content. 117Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL, pronounced smile) is a W3C recommended XML application for writing TV- like multimedia presentations for the Web. SMIL documents dont describe the actual multimedia content (that is the video and sound that are played) but rather when and where they are played. 118Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

A SMIL film festival 119Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

HTML+TIME HTML+TIME builds on SMIL to support timing for traditional HTML elements and features much closer integration with the HTML on the Web page. Open Software Description OSD defines XML tags that describe software components. The description of a component includes the version of the component, its underlying structure, and its relationships to and dependencies on other components. 120Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Scalable Vector Graphics Vector graphics are superior to the bitmap GIF and JPEG images currently used on the Web for many pictures including flow charts, cartoons, advertisements, and similar images. A vector graphics format for the Web should support a lot of features that dont make sense on paper like transparency, anti-aliasing, additive color, hypertext, animation, and hooks to enable search engines and audio renderers to extract text from graphics. 121Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Vector Markup Language Microsoft has developed their own XML application for vector graphics called the Vector Markup Language (VML). VML is more finished than SVG, and is already supported by Internet Explorer 5.0 and Microsoft Office 2000. MusicML The Connection Factory has created an XML application for sheet music called MusicML. MusicML includes notes, beats, clefs, staffs, rows, rhythms, rests, beams, rows, chords and more. 122Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

VoxML Motorolas VoxML is an XML application for the spoken word. In particular, its intended for those annoying voice mail and automated phone response systems. VoxML enables the same data thats used on a Web site to be served up via telephone. Human Resources Markup Language Human Resources Markup Language (HRML) is an XML application that provides a simple vocabulary for describing job openings. It defines elements matching the parts of a typical classified want ad such as companies, divisions, recruiters, contact information, terms, experience, and more. 123Sunil Kumar Sahu,Lecturer RCET

Documents

XML Extensible Markup Language is simply a set of rules.This set of rules identifies how you can define tags that seprate a document into individual parts