[XLS] · Web view3/5/2016. 2012. 2016. 2009. 2010. 2011. ... present adaptation actions conducted at the utility level for inspiration; 3) ... EPA PowerPoint presentation on WARN

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PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PRACTICES TO SUPPORT WATER SYSTEM RESILIENCE: FUNDAMENTALS, GOOD PRACTICES, AND INNOVATIONS

WRF Project #4601 WITAF Project #522

Process for Literature Review

To conduct the literature review, the Horsley Witten Group, Inc. (HW) started with the process outlined in the project QAPP:

The HW Team will conduct a literature search to identify sources (e.g., peer reviewed articles, book chapters, federal and state reports) to support this project. Sources will be selected based on their source, date, and relevance to the final deliverable, and the list provided in parentheses is above is by no means exhaustive of the media types that may be encountered and used in this study. The HW Team will use internet search engines to help locate data sources. The two primary search engines used will be Google (www.google.com) and Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/). Other search engines (e.g., Bing https://www.bing.com/) and databases (e.g., DHS’s Lessons Learned Information Sharing Program https://www.fema.gov/media-library/resources-documents/collections/473) may be used as well, and the HW Team reserves the right to use these and any other data locating services as deemed appropriate by the HW Team, WRF and the PAC, either individually or collectively. Search terms will be key to locating data that may be useful to this project. Anticipated key search terms will be assembled by linking descriptors and topics to produce a large number of permutations. Descriptors and topics are shown in the table below. Table 3. Search Terms Descriptors Topics water utility, wastewater utility, emergency management, incident management, emergency response, generator, fuel planning, cybersecurity, FEMA, public assistance, damage assessment, SCADA, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, drought, climate change, typhoon, ice storm, blizzard, polar vortex, tsunami, wildfire, flood, emergency spending

lessons learned, best practices, best management practices, case studies, tips, practices, techniques, planning, preparedness, plans, success stories, innovations







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Preparedness and Response Practices to Support Water System Resilience: Fundamentals, Good Practices, and Innovations

Page 5

Author (Creator) Subject Title Description Publisher Contributor Type Format

2016 N/A N/A Website

2007 Technology ACM Various N/A

Alderton, Matt 2014 Technology N/A N/A Website

2007 N/A N/A

Alvarez, Michelle 2015 Security IBM N/A N/A White Paper

Publication Year

Date Accessed

AAPA (American Association of Port Authorities)

Emergency Planning/Preparedness

Emergency Preparedness & Continuity of Operations Planning Manual for Best Practices

AAPA convened a Emergency Planning & Disaster Recovery Working Group shortly after the devastating hurricanes of 2005. The group sponsored five workshops over six months in order to collect member experiences with regards to emergency planning and disaster recovery. As ports told their stories, many best practices and cautionary tales emerged to form the main areas of consideration to be addressed in this document. Workgroup Chair Phyllis Saathoff of Port Freeport, Texas then combined these areas of consideration with hours of research and writing to produce this comprehensive best practices manual.

AAPA (American Association of Port Authorities)

Website with download links

ACM (Association of Computing Machinery)

Communications of the ACM - Emergency response information systems: emerging trends and technologies

Volume 50 Issue 3, March 2007

An entire column of Communication of the ACM "magazine" focused on emerging trends in emergency response technology. Journal Issue

Adobe PDF

Defeating Disaster Trajectory Magazine, 2014, Issue 3

Using open-source software and crowdsourcing, "crisis mapping" is expanding. For example, in the Haiti earthquake, tweets were used to map locations where victims needed to be rescued.

U.S. Geospatial Intelligence Foundation, Inc. Journal Issue

Aloudat, A., Katina Michael, and Jun Yan

Geographic Information Systems

Location-Based Services in EmergencyManagement- from Government to Citizens: Global Case Studies

In emergencies governments have long utilised broadcasting media like radio and television to disseminate up-to-date real-time information to citizens. In the same context, however, some other technologies like mobile location-based services have not been utilised to full extent or potential. The value of such services could be foreseen in the case of critical situations where the coordination of emergency management procedures with location-awareness activities is paramount. This paper tracks the introduction of locationaware services in the realm of emergency management. It investigates case studies where text messaging has been exploited to deliver safety information and early warnings to users based on the availability of their location information. This paper also examines the reasons for not adopting and using technologies like cell broadcasting at present.

Research Online, University of Wollongong

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

IBM MSS Industry Overview - Critical Infrastructure (Basic Needs), Research and Intelligence Report

A new report from IBM examines the cyber threats facing the critical infrastructure sectors responsible for basic needs, which includes the water and wastewater sector. For this and the other sectors identified in the document, the report describes some of the incidents that occurred in the past two years, discusses susceptibility to attack, and offers recommended exploitation mitigation techniques.

Adobe PDF


Page 6

Author (Creator) Subject Title Description Publisher Contributor Type FormatPublication

YearDate

Accessed

2008 N/A N/A White Paper

2001 N/A N/A Manual Book

2011 N/A N/A

2015b N/A Website Website

2008 Funding N/A N/A White Paper

2010 Risk Management N/A N/A Book

2014a Security N/A N/A

2014b Security N/A N/A

ASCE, AWWA and WEF (American Society of Civil Engineers, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation)

Natural Hazards / Disasters

Recovery Practices Primer for Natural Disasters, Produced under the Water Infrastructure Security Enhancements (WISE) Initiative

This primer reviews recent utility disaster experiences to document actions that can be or have been successfully undertaken to mitigate disaster impact or expediently restore service operations. The results of the workshop discussion and other research are summarized in Chapter 2 (pre-event mitigation measures), Chapter 3 (post-event response) and Chapter 4 (emergency management issues). Supplementing the report are three appendices, which cover the following: brief summaries of the presentations made at the project workshop'; case studies, some reprinted from other sources; and other particularly relevant technical references.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF)

Adobe PDF

AWWA (American Water Works Association)


Emergency Planning for Water Utilities, 4th Edition

This manual offers guidance and tools for water and wastewater managers in preparing for either natural or human-caused emergencies.

American Water Works Association (AWWA)



AWWA G440-11 Emergency Preparedness Practices

This standard covers the minimum requirements to establish and maintain an acceptable level of emergency preparedness based on the identified and perceived risks facing utilities within the water sector.


Industry Standard

Adobe PDF, Book



Emergency Preparedness Resource Community

This AWWA Resource Community is intended to keep the water industry in the know about tools, issues and developments related to emergency preparedness. Free login required.


December 10, 2015


Security Funding Opportunities: Lessons & Observations from Successful Water & Wastewater Utilities

The report addresses the fact that local process for distribution of security funding varies widely from state to state or even county to county, and the application, eligibility, and allocation process remain a mystery to many water and wastewater utility leaders. It is intended to provide a broad range of examples, illustrating projects that: have been financed with federal or local grants or low interest loans; have been executed at water or wastewater utilities; included the purchase or installation of physical security hardware or emergency response, planning, exercise, or training. Provides specific information on funding available in AL, CA and FL.


Adobe PDF


AWWA J100-10 (R13) Risk and Resilience Management of Water and Wastewater Systems (RAMCAP)

This standard sets requirements for all-hazards risk and resilience analysis and management for the water sector and prescribes methods that can be used for addressing these requirements.


Industry Standard


AWWA G430-14 Security Practices for Operation and Management

This standard covers the minimum requirements for a protective security program for a water, or wastewater, or reuse utility.


Industry Standard

Adobe PDF, Book


Process Control System Security Guidance for the Water Sector

The AWWA Guidance and accompanying Cybersecurity Guidance Tool represents a voluntary, sector-specific approach for adopting the NIST Cybersecurity Framework as expressed by the Water Sector Coordinating Council.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF, Online Tool


Page 7


YearDate

Accessed

2015a WARN N/A Website Website

2009 International Water Association (IWA) N/A Manual

Beavers, James E. 2003 N/A N/A

2010 Lessons Learned N/A N/A

2010 Health and Safety EPA N/A White Paper

2004 Security VDE N/A N/A White Paper


Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network (WARN)

A Water and Wastewater Agency Response Network is a network of utilities helping other utilities to respond to and recover from emergencies. This AWWA website provides contact information for the local WARN representatives across the country, with a link to more information about that state and region, as well as situation reports.


December 10, 2015

Bartram, J., L. Corrales, A. Davison, D. Deere, D. Drury, B. Gordon, G. Howard, A. Rinehold, and M. Stevens.


Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step risk management for drinking water suppliers

The aim of this Manual is to provide practical guidance to facilitate Water Safety Plan (WSP) development focusing particularly on organized water supplies managed by a water utility or similar entity.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Adobe PDF


Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response for Lifeline Systems (Conference proceedings - check individual articles within for possible resources)

Proceedings of the Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, TCLEE 2003: Advancing Mitigation Technologies and Disaster Response, held in Long Beach, California, August 10-13, 2003. Topics include: lifeline management and policy issues; transportation system preparedness, response, and recovery; retrofit and policy issues with the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system; post-earthquake investigations and lifeline performance during earthquakes; lifeline guides and codes; performance of ports and wharves; water and waste water systems and components; the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake; electric power guidelines and performance of equipment; design, mitigation, and performance of underground pipelines; seismic hazard and risk issues; seismic risk analysis of highway systems; geotechnical lifeline issues; and innovative mitigation of bridges.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Conference Proceedings

Book, Adobe PDF

Biddinger, Paul, D., Elena Savoia, Sarah B. Massin-Short, Jessica Presont, Michael A. Stoto

Public Health Emergency Preparedness Exercises: Lessons Learned

The Harvard School of Public Health Center for Public Health Preparedness exercise program has two aims: (1) educating the public health workforce on key public health system emergency preparedness issues, and (2) identifying specific systems-level challenges in the public health response to large-scale events. Rigorous evaluation of 38 public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) exercises employing realistic scenarios and reliable and accurate outcome measures has demonstrated the usefulness of PHEP exercises in clarifying public health workers’ roles and responsibilities, facilitating knowledge transfer among these individuals and organizations, and identifying specific public health systems-level challenges.

© 2010 Association of Schools of Public Health

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Borowski, John and Paul Adams

Water Utility Safety and Health: Review of Best Practices

Identifies best practices (including those for hazard mitigation) and recommends management concepts and tools that leaders and managers can use to improve safety and health culture, and ultimately performance.

Water Research Foundation (WRF)

Adobe PDF

Byres, Eric, P. and Justin Lowe

The Myths and Facts behind Cyber Security Risks for Industrial Control Systems

This paper summarizes the incident information collected in the BCIT Industrial Security Incident Database(ISID), describes a number of events that directly impacted process control systems and identifies the lessonsthat can be learned from these security events.

Adobe PDF


Page 8


YearDate

Accessed

CA Hospital Assoc. 2016 Power Sources N/A Website Website

2015 N/A N/A

2006 Inderscience Publishers N/A N/A

2013 California Polytechnic State University N/A White Paper

Castillo, Carolyn 2002 N/A N/A Webpage

Emergency Preparedness, Preparing Hospitals for Disasters: Planning Topics

A website with resources for hospitals to plan for emergencies including power outages, natural disasters, security, etc.

California Hospital Association

January 27, 2016

CA SWRCB (California State Water Resources Control Board)


State Water Resources Control Board Division of Drinking Water Emergency Response Plan Guidance for Public Drinking Water Systems Serving a population of 3,300 or more (approximately 1,000 SC or more)

This document is designed to assist California public water systems in developing or revising an emergency response plan that will meet all state and federal requirements. More importantly, this document should assist public water systems in planning and preparing for both natural or man-made disasters.

CA SWRCB (California State Water Resources Control Board), Division of Drinking Water

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF

Cai, Guoray, Rajeev Sharma, Alan M. MacEachren, and Isaac Brewer


Human-GIS Interaction Issues in Crisis Response

This paper articulates the overall challenges for effective GIS interfaces to support crisis management in three dimensions: immediacy, relevancy, and sharing. These three requirements are addressed by an integrated approach, taking a human-GIS interaction perspective.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

CalOES (California Office of Emergency Services)


California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan

Comprehensive state-level hazard mitigation plan, with an emphasis on natural hazards, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, and tsunamis. Includes an appendix on lifelines infrastructure and hazard mitigation planning.

CalOES (California Office of Emergency Services)

Adobe PDF


Disaster preparedness and Business Continuity Planning at Boeing: An integrated model

Traditionally, facilities professionals are responsible for maintaining business operations after a disaster by safeguarding people and the physical infrastructure. While most organisations equate disaster preparedness to business continuity, the aftermath of 9/11 brought forth some startling realisations about business survival and business crisis. Boeing, a global company that was affected in a number of unexpected ways, embarked on an approach that separated, yet integrated the Disaster Preparedness Community with the Business Community. The result was a Business Continuity Model that fostered further development of robust Business Continuity Plans to serve employees, customers, stakeholders and community. Facilities professionals, equipped with an understanding of today’s business crisis and the Business Continuity Model, can serve as a partner to their Business Continuity Representative to educate, develop and execute a Business Continuity Plan that ensures business continuance through any unforeseen event.

Journal of Facilities Management

Journal article


Page 9


YearDate

Accessed

2013 Communication N/A White Paper

2015a Communication Boil Water Advisories N/A Website Website

2016 N/A Website Website

2000 Security CDC CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup N/A White Paper


CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Drinking Water Advisory Communication Toolbox

The Drinking Water Advisory Communication Toolbox provides a practical guide and protocol for communicating with stakeholders and the public about water advisories that is based upon research and identified practices. It focuses on water systems and addresses the spectrum of situations that generate drinking water advisories—from a water main break to a hurricane, a drop in pressure, or intentional contamination.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

EPA, AWWA, US Department of Health and Human Services

Adobe PDF and Website


This information is intended to assist public health professionals by providing protocols for various specialized audiences and contingencies for use if a boil water advisory is issued.


December 17, 2015



Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Emergency Preparedness and Response, Preparation and Planning

Website with links to multiple resources related to preparation and planning for emergencies. Links for specific types of emergencies, personal preparedness, preparedness for businesses, preparedness for health care facilities, state and local preparedness, national preparedness, and legal preparedness.


January 14, 2016


Biological and Chemical Terrorism:Strategic Plan for Preparednessand ResponseRecommendations of the CDC StrategicPlanning Workgroup

The U.S. national civilian vulnerability to the deliberate use of biological and chemical agents has been highlighted by recognition of substantial biological weapons development programs and arsenals in foreign countries, attempts to acquire or possess biological agents by militants, and high-profile terrorist attacks. Evaluation of this vulnerability has focused on the role public health will have detecting and managing the probable covert biological terrorist incident with the realization that the U.S. local, state, and federal infrastructure is already strained as a result of other important public health problems. In partnership with representatives for local and state health departments, other federal agencies, and medical and public health professional associations, CDC has developed a strategic plan to address the deliberate dissemination of biological or chemicalagents. The plan contains recommendations to reduce U.S. vulnerability to biological and chemical terrorism — preparedness planning, detection and surveillance, laboratory analysis, emergency response, and communication systems. Training and research are integral components for achieving these recommendations. Success of the plan hinges on strengthening the relationships between medical and public health professionals and on building new partnerships with emergency management, the military, and law enforcement professionals.

Adobe PDF



Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Water-Related Emergencies and Outbreaks, Preparedness Resources

The Preparedness Resources include website information and training courses on water-related emergency topics such as obtaining safe water, well remediation, septic system remediation, hygiene, and worker safety. This section is intended for use in "all hazards" situations where there is a need for water-related information to assist in waterborne disease and injury prevention activities.


December 17, 2015


Page 10


YearDate

Accessed

2006 Communication N/A N/A

CERT 2016 Security CERT N/A Website Website

2008 N/A White Paper


CDHS (CA Dept of Health Services)

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Small Water System Workbook, Developed for Local Community Water Systems by the California Department of Health Services, Adapted from CDCynergy Tools and Templates and the CDC Crisis Emergency Risk Communication Manual

This “Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Small Water System Workbook” provides smaller water systems the essential resource materials to assist in effectively managing and communicating during an emergency or crisis. The Workbook is specifically designed to support writing and implementing a crisis communication plan for smaller water systems. A crisis communication plan clearly defines your goals, objectives and actions. It provides specific guidelines and instructions for communicating during emergencies.

CDHS (CA Dept of Health Services)

Workbook/Guidance Document

Adobe PDF

CERT, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University: Incident Management Case Studies

Website showing case studies of CERT, which is The CERT Division is an organization devoted to ensuring that appropriate technology and systems management practices are used to resist attacks on networked systems and to limit damage and ensure continuity of critical services in spite of successful attacks, accidents, or failures.

January 22, 2016

CIPAC (Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council)

Contamination/Water Treatment

Recommendations and Proposed Strategic Plan: Water Sector Decontamination Priorities

This report presents the recommendations of the Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council (CIPAC) Water Sector Decontamination Working Group. This Working Group was convened by the Water Sector Coordinating Council (SCC) and Government Coordinating Council (GCC) to develop a strategy and plan that supports priorities for water sector decontamination and recovery for the purpose of water security.

Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council (CIPAC)

Water Sector Decontamination Working Group

Adobe PDF

CIPAC (Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council)


All-Hazard Consequence Management Planning for the Water Sector

The purpose of this document is to provide drinking water and wastewater utilities with planning recommendations derived from emergency management, mitigation planning, and emergency response resources. The goal is to help drinking water and wastewater utilities incorporate all-hazard consequence management concepts into their existing emergency preparedness, response, and recovery planning.

Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory Council (CIPAC)

Preparedness, Emergency Response, and Recovery Workgroup

Adobe PDF


Page 11


YearDate

Accessed

2011 N/A N/A

2007 Communication N/A N/A White Paper

Clark, Robert M. and Robert C. Thurnau

Vulnerability Assessment

Evaluating the risk of water distribution failure: A shared frailty model

Condition assessment (CA) Modeling is drawing increasing interest as a technique that can assist in managing drinking water infrastructure. This paper develops a model based on the application of a Cox proportional hazard (PH)/shared frailty model and applies it to evaluating the risk of failure in drinking water networks using data from the Laramie Water Utility (located in Laramie, Wyoming, USA). Using the risk model a cost/ benefit analysis incorporating the inspection value method (IVM), is used to assist in making improved repair, replacement and rehabilitation decisions for selected drinking water distribution system pipes. A separate model is developed to predict failures in prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP). Various currently available inspection technologies are presented and discussed.

SP Higher Education Press

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Covello, Vincent, Scott Minamyer and Kathy Clayton

Effective Risk and Crisis Communication during Water Security Emergencies: Summary Report of EPA SponsoredMessage Mapping Workshops

This report summarizes results from three water security risk communication message mapping workshops conducted byU.S. EPA’s National Homeland Security Research Center during 2005/2006. It provides information about effective messagedevelopment and delivery that could be useful to water sector organizations as they develop their respective risk communicationplans.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Adobe PDF


Page 12


YearDate

Accessed

2016 CRC Press N/A Website WebsiteValcik, Nicolas A., and Paul E. Tracy


Multiple Titles: Case Studies in Disaster Response and Emergency Management, A Futurist's Guide to Emergency Management, Principles of Emergency Management and Emergency Operations Centers, Preparedness and Response for Catastrophic Disasters, Introduction to Emergency Management, GIS for Disaster Management, Disaster Management and Preparedness, etc.

Multiple references that relate to emergency management and preparedness. Search CRC Press publications database for others

January 12, 2016


Page 13


YearDate

Accessed

2010 N/A N/A

Day, Doug 2015 Technology N/A N/A

Danilenko, Alexander, Eric Dickson, and Michael Jacobson

Extreme Weather/Climate Change

CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN WATER UTILITIES: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

This report is part of a larger World Bank effort that seeks to provide analytical and strategic assistance to Bank staff and utilities in client countries as they begin to consider the implications of climate change on water resources. The key objectives of this document are to: 1) improve understanding and awareness of the operational implications of climate change on the provision of water and wastewater services by urban utilities; 2) present adaptation actions conducted at the utility level for inspiration; 3) establish an analytical framework to assist Bank staff and client countries' utility managers to identify and prioritize potential climate change adaptation measures; and 4) assess the feasibility of implementing adaptation measures based on a set of criteria. This report is structured as follows: chapter one provides an overview of the role that climate change will have on urban water utilities and highlights the often competing priorities that water managers are faced with in developing countries; chapter two describes the relationship between climate change and water resources as they influence water service provision; chapter three presents a framework for analysis of vulnerability and adaptive capacity of water providers; and chapters four presents a framework for adaptation actions. Annexes contain detailed graphs and statistics taken from the international workshop held in Madrid, Spain in January of 2009 and utility specific case studies which are highlighted throughout the report.

Water Sector Board of the Sustainable Development Network of the World Bank Group

Working Notes

Adobe PDF

Drones Take Legwork Out of Infrastructure Inspection

In the sky or underwater, remotely operated vehicles save agencies money while increasing safety and efficiency

Municipal Sewer & Water

Journal Article

Web page


Page 14


YearDate

Accessed

2011 Springer N/A N/A



Deininger, R., J. Lee, R. Clark


Rapid detection of bacteria in drinking water and water contamination case studies

Water systems are inherently vulnerable to physical, chemical and biologic threats that might compromise a systems’ ability to reliably deliver safe water. The ability of a water supply to provide water to its customers can be compromised by destroying or disrupting key physical elements of the water system. However, contamination is generally viewed as the most serious potential terrorist threat to water systems. Chemical or biologic agents could spread throughout a distribution system and result in sickness or death among the consumers and for some agents the presence of the contaminant might not be known until emergency rooms report an increase in patients with a particular set of symptoms. Even without serious health impacts, just the knowledge that a water system had been breached could seriously undermine consumer confidence in public water supplies. Therefore, the ability to rapidly detect contamination, especially microbiological contamination, is highly desirable. The authors summarize water contamination case studies and discuss a technique for identifying microbiological contamination based on ATP bioluminescence. This assay allows an estimation of bacterial populations within minutes and can be applied using a local platform. Previous ATP-based methods requires one hour, one liter of water, and has a sensitivity of 100000 cells for detection. The improved method discussed here is 100 times more sensitive, requires one-hundredth of the sample volume, and is over 10 times faster than standard method. This technique has a great deal of potential for application in situations in which a water system has been compromised.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

DHS (Department of Homeland Security)

Economic and Public Health Impacts

Pandemic Impacts to Lifeline Critical Infrastructure

DHS has published a Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Note examining the impact of a pandemic on the lifeline critical infrastructure, which includes the water and wastewater and energy sectors, at the local, regional, and national level, including the effects of absenteeism on these sectors. The Note observes that the greatest risk to the water and wastewater sector comes from the loss of available operators and support staff due to illness and absenteeism, and it cities a previous report from the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA) and WaterISAC that found that the sector deemed roughly 41 percent of workers critical to maintaining systems. For the energy sector, it notes that the greatest risk is from a significant incident occurring at the same time as a pandemic, which could potentially result in longer-lasting power outages that could have cascading effects on other infrastructure.

DHS, Office of Cyber and Infrastructure Analysis, Operational Analysis Division

Adobe PDF

DHS (Department of Homeland Security)

System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVER) -Innovative Uses of Social Media in Emergency Management

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of current and innovative social media strategies used by public safety organizations to engage interactively with the public during all phases of emergency situations. The information presented here was obtained from an Internet-based literature review and case study interviews conducted on-site and by telephone.

DHS (Department of Homeland Security) SAVER (System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders) Program

Adobe PDF


Page 15


YearDate

Accessed

2010 DHS and EPA N/A N/A White Paper

2011 Security Springer N/A N/A

unknown N/A N/A White Paper

Doro-on, Anna 2011 Risk Management N/A N/A White Paper

Duffy, Maureen 2013 Resiliency American Water N/A N/A White Paper

DHS and EPA (Department of Homeland Security and Environmental Protection Agency)


Water Sector-Specific Plan: An Annex to the National Infrastructure Protection Plan

The 2010 Water Sector-Specific Plan addresses risk-based critical infrastructure protection strategies for drinking water and wastewater utilities, regulatory primacy agencies, and an array of technical assistance partners. The Plan describes processes and activities to enable the protection, and increased resilience, of the sector’s infrastructure.

Adobe PDF

Di Cristo, C., A. Leopardi, G. de Marinis

Water infrastructure protection against intentional attacks: An experience in Italy

In the last years many interesting studies were devoted to the development of technologies and methodologies for the protection of water supply systems against intentional attacks. However the application to real systems is still limited for different economical and technical reasons. The Water Engineering Laboratory (L.I.A.) of University of Cassino (Italy) was involved in two research projects financed by the European Commission in the framework of the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (E.P.C.I.P.). Both projects, developed in partnership with a large Italian Water Company, have the common objective of providing guidelines for enhancing security in water supply systems respect to the intentional contamination risk. The final product is represented by the arrangement of a general procedure for protection systems design of water networks. In the paper the procedure is described through the application to two real water systems, characterized by different size and behavior.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

DOJ (Department of Justice)


An ADA Guide for Local GovernmentsMaking Community Emergency Preparedness and Response Programs Accessible to People with Disabilities

One of the most important roles of local government is to protect their citizenry from harm, including helping people prepare for and respond to emergencies. Making local government emergency preparedness and response programs accessible to people with disabilities is a critical part of this responsibility. Making these programs accessible is also required by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA).

Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section

Adobe PDF

Risk Assessment for Water Infrastructure Safety and Security

This resource: examines all aspects of water safety and security, evaluates the potential terrorist threat to the water supply system, presents qualitative and quantitative processes and models for security and safe operation of facilities and critical infrastructure, explores recent incidences of levels of drugs in the water supply, and offers various risk and vulnerability methodologies for assessing critical infrastructure security.

CRC Press and IWA Publishing

Book, Adobe PDF

Sustainability and Resiliency Planning for Water Utilities

In June 2013, American Water released a white paper that addresses a renewed focus within the water sector, as a result of recent natural disasters, on business continuity planning and emergency response for water utilities. The document references a number of factors that have a potential impact on the sustainability and resiliency of utility operations and offers recommendations to manage associated risks.

Adobe PDF


Page 16


YearDate

Accessed



Elefant, Carolyn 2011 Technology Energy Law Journal N/A N/A

2004 Power Sources N/A N/A Book Book

Emery, Alan C. 2005 N/A N/A White Paper

Edwards, F.L. and D.C. Goodrich


Handbook of Emergency Management for State-Level Transportation Agencies

The Department of Homeland Security has mandated specific systems and techniques for the management of emergencies in the United States, including the Incident Command System, the National Incident Management System, Emergency Operations Plans, Emergency Operations Centers, Continuity of Government Plans and Continuity of Operations Plans. These plans and systems may be applied to the state-level transportation agency’s disaster response systems to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. Specific guidance and management techniques are provided to aid emergency planning staff to create DHS-compliant systems.

Mineta Transportation Institute, College of Business, San Jose State University

Adobe PDF

EIP Water (European Innovation Partnership on Water)

Water Sector Resource Organization

European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP Water), Online Market Place, Matchmaking for water innovation

The European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP Water) is an initiative within the EU 2020 Innovation Union. The EIP Water facilitates the development of innovative solutions to address major European and global water challenges. At the same time, the EIP Water supports the creation of market opportunities for these innovations, both inside and outside of Europe.

European Innovation Partnership on Water (EIP Water)

December 16, 2015

The "Power" of social media: legal issues and best practices for utilities engaging social media

This article provides an exhaustive summary of the legal and regulatory issues potentially implicated by utility engagement in social media, and proposes best practices and guidelines for development of a social media policy that reduce the risks of social media for utilities.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Ellermeier, Fred J., Donald R. Stevens, and Larry D. Pittman

Emergency Power Source Planning for Water and Wastewater

A complete planning guide for water and wastewater utilities for assessing and planning standby power needs.



Good Practice in Emergency Preparedness and Response

Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level (APELL) is a tool for bringing people, principally company staff, community representatives and local authorities, together to allow effective communication about risks and planning for emergency response. Successful mining and metals operations require the support of the communities in which they operate, and experience has shown that open and informed communication between emergency response partners about potential risks results in better organised emergency response.This publication acts as a companion to UNEP’s APELL for Mining (2001). That document was prepared to assist mining companies to apply UNEP’s APELL process, which had previously largely been used in the chemicals industry. In 2003, ICMM considered that it was necessary to take the APELL process further by analysing emergency preparedness and response capabilities within both its corporate and association membership. With UNEP’s guidance and input, we questioned members on their performance and systems in this critical area. Our analysis showed that, while ICMM members’ technical preparations for emergencies are good, more effort is required in working with neighbouring communities.

International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)

Adobe PDF


Page 17


YearDate

Accessed

2012 Lessons Learned N/A N/A White Paper

2016 Security N/A Website Website

2012c Communication N/A N/A

2013c Communication N/A

2015p Communication Webinars that demonstrate how to build relationships at the state level. N/A Website

2012b N/A N/A

2015f N/A N/A

EMI SIG (Emergency Management Issues Special Interest Group) Technical Subcommittee

Incorporating lessons learned/best practices into emergency management training

This report documents the process used to gather information from the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) complex and others and provides examples on how to use Lessons Learned with a variety of training approaches. It is a living document and is reviewed every two years for relevance and inclusion of new examples. The report was revised in May 2012, and additional Lessons Learned/Best Practices examples were included in the revised version.

EMI SIG Technical Committee? DOE?

Adobe PDF

ENISA (European Union Agency for Network And Information Security)

European Union Agency for Network Information Security (ENISA) - Publications

Listing of publications for the ENISA, the EU's response to the cyber security issues of the European Union.

ENISA (European Union Agency for Network And Information Security)

January 19, 2016

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

Need to Know: Anticipating the Public's Questions During a Water Emergency

Report that provides information that public awareness staff can use in planning and responding to emergencies that impact drinking water or wastewater utilities.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


BRIDGING THE GAP: Coordination between State Primacy Agencies and State Emergency Management Agencies

Guidance document that focuses on collaborative opportunities between public water and emergency management when an incident requires state involvement.


Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA)

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Webinars for State Primacy and Emergency Management Agencies Collaborating on Water Resilience


December 16, 2015

Embedded videos



Containment and Disposal of Large Amounts of Contaminated Water: A Support Guide for Water Utilities

This guide provides a summary of key information that may be useful in addressing containment, treatment, and disposal of water contaminated with a chemical, biological, or radiological agent within any part of a drinking water, wastewater, and/or stormwater system resulting from an “all hazards” contamination event.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF



Progress on Water Sector Decontamination Recommendations & Proposed Strategic Plan

Provides an update on the 2008 report, Recommendations and Proposed Strategic Plan: Water Sector Decontamination Priorities (EPA 2008 in this database).


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Page 18


YearDate

Accessed

2015m N/A Tool

2010b N/A N/A Tool

2013b N/A Checklist

2015e N/A Website Website

2013a N/A N/A

2014b N/A N/A



Find Out About Health and Economic Impacts from Water Utility Emergencies: Water Health and Economic Analysis Tool (WHEAT) 3.0

The tool is designed to assist drinking water utility owners and operators in quantifying public health impacts, utility financial costs, and regional economic impacts of an adverse event, based on a variety of asset-threat combinations that pose a risk to the water sector.


December 16, 2015

Computer Program



Tabletop Exercise Tool for Water Systems: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Climate Resiliency

The PC-based Tabletop Exercise Tool for Water Systems: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Climate Resiliency (TTX Tool) contains materials that assist those interested in planning and facilitating tabletop exercises that focus on Water Sector-related issues. The TTX Tool expands on the capabilities of the first version of the tool, published in 2005.


Computer Program



State Drinking Water Program All-Hazards Preparedness, Mitigation, Responseand Recovery Checklist

The purpose of this document is to provide state drinking water programs (DWP) with a checklist of actions that should be considered before, during and after an emergency. Whether your program is well advanced in emergency planning and response or does not currently have any protocols in place, this document can provide useful internal checklists and best practices across the four principal components of emergency response – preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery.


Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA)

Adobe PDF



Emergency Response for Drinking Water and Wastewater Utilities

EPA website that presents a variety of tools and guidance to support drinking water and wastewater utility preparedness and response.


December 10, 2015



Weather & Hydrologic Forecasting for Water Utility Incident Preparedness and Response

Maintaining awareness of current and projected weather and hydrologic conditions is important as your drinking water or wastewater utility prepares for a natural disaster. The following information sources forecast several types of weather events over various time spans, ranging from real-time weather (i.e., today’s forecast) to 3 months.


Guidance Document

Interactive Adobe PDF



Flood Resilience: A Basic Guide for Water and Wastewater Utilities

EPA developed this guide to help drinking water and wastewater utilities become more resilient to flooding by examining the threat of flooding, determining impacts to utility assets and identifying cost-effective mitigation options. This approach was successfully tested during a pilot project at a small drinking water system, the Berwick Water Department (BWD), in Berwick, Maine. This guide is particularly useful for small and medium utilities. It provides easy-to-use worksheets with corresponding videos (based on the Berwick pilot). To increase your resilience to flooding, consider your utility’s priorities and available resources. Although this guide focuses on flood resilience, the same approach can be applied to enhancing resilience to other hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tornadoes).


Guidance Document

Interactive Adobe PDF


Page 19


YearDate

Accessed

2015d N/A Tool

2015k N/A Checklists

2010a Funding N/A N/A

2012a Funding N/A N/A

2010c N/A N/A

2015q N/A Website Website

2015r N/A N/A Checklist

2009 Power Sources N/A N/A Brochure



Climate Resilience Evaluation and Awareness Tool (CREAT)

This risk assessment tool allows water utilities to evaluate potential impacts of climate change. You can also identify adaptation options to address impacts using both traditional risk assessment and scenario-based methods.


December 10, 2015

Computer Program



Access Incident Action Checklists for Water Utilities

Drinking water and wastewater utilities can use these ten "rip & run" style checklists to help with emergency preparedness, response and recovery activities. Checklists include: drought, earthquakes, extreme cold and winter storms, extreme heat, flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and wildfire.


December 15, 2015

Series of PDFs


Public Assistance for Water and Wastewater Utilities in Emergencies and Disasters

Provides information about the eligibility of water and wastewater utilities for disaster funds under FEMA's Public Assistance (PA) Grant Program.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Lessons Learned from Water/Wastewater Utilities that Participated in FEMA’s Public Assistance Grant Program

Documents examples of lessons learned by utilities to help water and wastewater utilities better understand use of the FEMA Public Assistance (PA) Program.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Laboratory Network

Water Laboratory Alliance - Response Plan

The Water Laboratory Alliance Response Plan (WLA-RP) provides processes and procedures forcoordinated laboratory response to water contamination incidents that may require additional analytical support and a broader response than a typical laboratory can provide. The WLA-RP is designed to work within existing Incident Command System (ICS) structures and procedures


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Laboratory Network

Drinking Water and Wastewater Laboratory Network

Provides links to multiple resources for water and wastewater utilities that want to connect to, develop a response plan for, or access training for a Water Laboratory Alliance (WLA). Also provides links for the Water Contaminant Information Tool (WCIT) and for creating a Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) for emergencies.


December 17, 2015



EPA Incident Action Checklist - Tornado, Tornado Impacts on Water and Wastewater Utilities

The actions in this checklist are divided up into three “rip & run” sections and are examples of activities that water and wastewater utilities can take to: prepare for, respond to and recover from a tornado. For on-the-go convenience, you can also populate the “My Contacts” section with critical information that your utility may need during an incident. See reference EPA 2015k for checklists related to other natural disasters.


Adobe PDF


Is Your Water or Wastewater System Prepared? What You Need to Know about Generators.

This brochure provides tools and prompts utilities to better prepare for emergency generator needs, provides tips on running and maintaining generators, and includes an easy-to-copy form to determine and document backup power needs.


Adobe PDF


Page 20


YearDate

Accessed

2011b Resiliency N/A N/A White Paper

2015a Resiliency N/A Website Website

2015n Resiliency N/A Tool

2015o Resiliency N/A Website

2014a Sustainability N/A N/A

2015i Training N/A Website Website

unknown WARN N/A N/A

2011a N/A


Lessons Learned: Effective Utility Management, EPA Region 1 Effective Utility Management Project

The EPA Region 1 Effective Utility Management (EUM) project served as an opportunity for EPA Region 1 to assist wastewater and drinking water utilities and to evaluate the EUM process itself. The EUM process lends itself to productive and insightful discussions regarding the operations and management of a utility. The comprehensive discussions provide utilities with an opportunity to assess areas where they are performing well, identify areas of improvement, and pinpoint areas where additional assistance is needed. One focus area is "operational resiliency" also referred to as "emergency management".


Adobe PDF


Drinking Water and Wastewater Resilience

A collection of resources developed by EPA to help water and wastewater utilities build resilience into their systems.


December 3, 2015


Community-Based Water Resiliency (CBWR) Tool Version 2.0

The Community-Based Water Resiliency (CBWR) Tool (version 2.0) is an easy way to find out how prepared your community is to handle emergencies that impact your water systems and learn about tools and resources that can be used to build resilience.


December 16, 2015

Computer Program


Community-Based Water Resiliency (CBWR) Training: Conduct your own CBWR workshop training session in your community

Training materials necessary to conduct a CBWR workshop that will: 1) demonstrate the importance of integrating drinking and wastewater utilities into community emergency preparedness efforts, and 2) teach how to use the CBWR Tool to assess community-wide water preparedness and foster community resiliency. U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA)December 16, 2015

Adobe PDF, Microsoft PPT


Moving Toward Sustainability: Sustainable and Effective Practices for Creating Your Water Utility Roadmap

The purpose of this document is to assist utility leaders with implementing proven and effective practices over time, including those related to emergency preparedness, to improve their operations and move toward sustainability, at a pace consistent with their needs and the needs of their communities.


Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Emergency Management Training for Water and Wastewater Utilities

Incident Command System (ICS) is a national standard for managing emergencies and is integrated into the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the National Response Framework (NRF). Access ICS and NIMS training webinars from this page and download the ICS wallet cards.


December 15, 2015


WARN Tabletop Exercise, Lessons Learned

EPA PowerPoint presentation on WARN tabletop exercises, common lessons learned and VA-specific lessons learned.


PowerPoint Presentation

Adobe PDF


Emergency Drinking Water Supply

Planning for an Emergency Drinking Water Supply

Guidance document on how to plan for an emergency drinking water supply. The document is the result of multiple workshops that identified the importance of the development of an emergency drinking water plan by a local water utility, even though, during the actual emergency, other entities (e.g., State National Guard) may be tasked with implementing that plan.


EPA Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center; AWWA; CDM

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Page 21


YearDate

Accessed

2015g N/A

2015j N/A Mobile App

2015c N/A Website Website

2015b Funding N/A Website Website

2015l Risk Management N/A Tool

2014c Technology N/A N/A White Paper

2015h WARN N/A Website Website

ESRI 2010 N/A N/A White Paper

ESRI 2011 N/A N/A White Paper



Drinking Water and Wastewater Utility Response Protocol Toolbox

The Drinking Water Utility Response Protocol Toolbox (DWRPTB) and Wastewater Utility Response Protocol Toolbox (WWRPTB) help drinking water and wastewater utilities address contamination events at the utility and within the distribution and collection systems.


December 15, 2015

Website, Tool

Series of PDFs



Water Utility Response On-The-Go

The Water Utility Response On-The-Go application is a mobile-friendly tool designed for water utilities responding to emergency incidents, including: drought, earthquakes, extreme cold and winter storms, extreme heat, flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and wildfire.


December 15, 2015

Mobile App



Climate Ready Water Utilities (CRWU)

CRWU resources provide water utility managers with tools, training, and technical assistance needed to adapt to climate change. CRWU provides a clear understanding of climate science and adaptation options for the water sector.


December 10, 2015


Federal Funding for Water and Wastewater Utilities in National Disasters (Fed FUNDS)

Fed FUNDS gives utilities information about federal disaster funding programs. Although Fed FUNDS focuses on major disasters, the information can be used for any incident that disrupts water or wastewater services or damages critical infrastructure.


December 3, 2015


Conduct a Drinking Water or Wastewater Utility Risk Assessment: Vulnerability Self-Assessment Tool (VSAT) 6.0

Drinking water and wastewater utilities of all sizes can use VSAT to enhance their security and resiliency. Utilities can: identify the highest risks to mission-critical operations, and find the most cost-effective measures to reduce those risks. VSAT Version 6.0 complies with the water sector risk assessment standard and can offer liability protection under the Department of Homeland Security’s Support Anti-Terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies (SAFETY) Act program. EPA strongly encourages drinking water and wastewater utility owners and operators to use VSAT 6.0 to conduct or update an all-hazards risk assessment.


December 16, 2015

Computer Program


Promoting Technology Innovation for Clean and Safe Water Water Technology Innovation Blueprint—Version 2

This document frames the business case for water technology innovation; identifies “market opportunities” where technology innovation could help solve water challenges; provides examples of emerging innovation pioneers; identifies tools for assessing water risk; and frames a more robust set of actions that EPA will take to promote technology innovation for clean and safe water.


Adobe PDF


Mutual Aid and Assistance for Drinking Water and Wastewater Utilities

EPA resource page to learn about Water and Wastewater Agency Response Networks (WARN), join a WARN, access WARN resources, and access WARN training tools.


December 15, 2015


ESRI Production Mapping: Meeting the Needs of Water and Wastewater Utilities

White paper describing how ESRI's GIS software can help water and wastewater utilities create and maintain GIS data and maps in standardized workflows that reduce costs, require less staff time, and increase the speed at which new information is available to the entire utility.

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI)

Adobe PDF


GIS Data Quality Best Practices for Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Utilities

White paper that describes a variety of best practices for GIS data being used by water sector utilities to ensure that the data meets their needs.


Adobe PDF


Page 22


YearDate

Accessed

ESRI 2014a N/A N/A White Paper

ESRI 2014b N/A N/A White Paper

ESRI 2015 N/A Website Website

Fairfax Water 2013 Communication Various DC Water N/A

2016e Communication FEMA N/A Website Website

2010 FEMA N/A N/A



GIS Supports Sustainable and Effective Water Utility Practices

White Paper that describes how GIS can help utilities support the practices discussed in EPA's report, "Moving Toward Sustainability: Sustainable and Effective Practices forCreating Your Water Utility Roadmap, " including how to improve resiliency to short- and long-term disasters.


Adobe PDF


Implementing ArcGIS for Water Utilities

The purpose of this paper is to provide a starting point for water utilities that are interested in updating their current implementation of geographic information system (GIS) technology or starting fresh with a new GIS project.


Adobe PDF


ArcGIS for Water Utilities: Respond to Emergencies

ArcGIS geographic information system (GIS) tools designed specifically for water utilities to respond to emergencies, including: investigating water leaks, isolating breaks, getting main break alerts, sharing outage information, providing water advisories, and interacting with social media.


December 10, 2015

Regional Utility Coordination and Public Messaging to a Joint Threat

Utility coordination is an important element in reducing shared risks. In the attached example, which involved attempted impersonation of utility employees at customer locations, utilities coordinated not only with their regional counterparts but developed public messaging that is intended to protect utility customers and increase public confidence in the safety and security of their drinking water.

Public Messages, emails

Adobe PDF

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)

Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS)

This section contains general information about IPAWS, the nation’s alert and warning infrastructure. FEMA's Emergency Management Institute (EMI) offers independent study courses online to authorized public safety officials and the American people:

February 23, 2016



Developing and Maintaining Emergency Operations Plans, Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101, Version 2.0

Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance on the fundamentals of planning and developing emergency operations plans (EOP). CPG 101 shows that EOPs are connected to planning efforts in the areas of prevention, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation. Version 2.0 of this Guide expands on these fundamentals and encourages emergency and homeland security managers to engage the whole community in addressing all risks that might impact their jurisdictions.

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF



Mitigation Best Practices Portfolio

In the wake of disasters, people often wonder whether there is a way to protect both people and property from such devastating losses. Mitigation is the way to provide that protection. Hazard mitigation means taking action to reduce or prevent future damage, preferably before a disaster strikes. There are three important elements to help reduce the impact of disasters on our nation's citizens and communities: 1)Hazard identification and assessment of risks and vulnerabilities; 2) Taking action to mitigate (reduce or prevent disaster effects); and 3) Telling the Best Practice story of how to mitigate. Learn about Mitigation Best Practices and how the stories in this portfolio offer ideas for you to use in reducing or preventing damage from disasters.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

January 8, 2016


Page 23


YearDate

Accessed

2016c N/A Website Website

2016a Lessons Learned N/A Website Website

2004 FEMA N/A N/A

2014b FEMA N/A N/A

2014c FEMA N/A N/A

2014a Power Sources FEMA N/A N/A White Paper

2016d Training FEMA N/A Website Website



FEMA: Innovation Solutions in Emergency Management: Browns Recent Ideas

A forum for people to share thoughts on innovative solutions in emergency management.


January 19, 2016


Recovery Lessons Learned & Information Sharing

This page will serve as a national online network for the exchange of ideas surrounding the Disaster Recovery Community. We encourage feedback and contributions to help develop a “one stop shop” for those involved in planning, capacity building and disaster recovery operations.


January 7, 2016



Wildfire…Are You Prepared?

The U.S. Fire Administration and FEMA released guidance on protecting against and preparing for wildfires.

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF



Prepare Your Organization for an Earthquake: Playbook

FEMA has published a community preparedness playbook for organizations regarding earthquakes. The playbook includes information on how to hold a preparedness discussion with the organization; how to prepare the organization with tabletop exercises; multiple earthquake scenarios, exercises, discussion questions, and a facilitator's guide; and how to maintain momentum for year-round preparation.

Playbook/Guidebook

Adobe PDF



How to Prepare for a Wildfire

How to Prepare for a Wildfire explains how to protect yourself and your property, and details the steps to take now so that you can act quickly when you, your home, or your business is in danger.

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Emergency Power Systems for Critical Facilities: A Best Practices Approach toImproving Reliability

Provides guidance on the design and operation of emergency power systems in critical facilities so that they will be able to remain operational for extended periods, as needed.

Adobe PDF


Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT)

CERT educates individuals about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area and trains them in basic disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. Using training learned in the classroom and during exercises, CERT volunteers can assist others in their community following a disaster when professional responders are not immediately available to help. CERT volunteers are also encouraged to support emergency response agencies by taking an active role in emergency preparedness projects.

January 26, 2016


Page 24


YearDate

Accessed

Firth, Chelsea 2016 N/A Web Article Website

FlaWARN 2008 N/A N/A White Paper

unknown N/A N/A Brochure

Freyberg, Tom 2014 WaterWorld N/A N/A


Ignoring Spontaneous Volunteers - Not an Option

Domestic Preparedness has posted an article on the role of spontaneous volunteers during disasters. The article states the challenge involves planning for the involvement of spontaneous, non-affiliated volunteers. These volunteers could be neighbors, from out of town, or other ordinary citizens. Since they are not affiliated with an organization, they may be underutilized by emergency management professionals. According to FEMA, spontaneous volunteers are an important part of a whole community approach in the response and recovery phases of a crisis. Legitimate barriers currently exist to prevent or discourage emergency managers from involving spontaneous volunteers during disasters. The International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM) is in the process of identifying resources, tools, information, or tactics that could address these barriers.

DomesticPreparedness.com

January 13, 2016


Emergency Response and PreparednessFlaWARN Best Management Practicesfor Water and Wastewater Systems

Florida Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network (FlaWARN) is a water and wastewater utility organization dedicated to assisting member utilities in restoration activities in the aftermath of a disaster. The organization, through its member networks, coordinates emergency response activities in Florida, and if needed outside of Florida. This document includes BestManagement Practices (BMPs) for Water/Wastewater Emergency Response that have been prepared by FlaWARN members and compiled to more effectively meet the approaching hurricane season.

University of Florida Center for Training,Research and Education for Environmental Occupations

Adobe PDF

FLDEP (Florida Department of Environmental Protection)


Hurricane Preparedness for Domestic Wastewater Facilities

This document provides a list of recommended precautionary measures for persons that are responsible for safeguarding domestic wastewater facilities.

FLDEP (Florida Department of Environmental Protection)

Adobe PDF


Virtual reality Oculus headset helps self-sufficient WWTP save £2m in design costs

By integrating advanced design software with virtual reality Oculus technology, around £2 million was saved in the design and construction of an advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Scotland.

Journal Article

Web page


Page 25


YearDate

Accessed

2016 Security IDC N/A N/A White Paper

Gerston, J. 2002 Security Article discussing enhanced security at water utilities. N/A N/A

Grigg, N. S. 2003 N/A N/A

Gallotti, G., R. Bigliani, L. Semernya

Business Strategy: Utilities IT Investment Priorities for Solutions: Results from the Western European Utilities 2015 Survey

This IDC Energy Insights study analyzes the results of the annual IDC Energy Insights Survey covering France, Germany, Italy, the Nordics (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), Spain, and the U.K. Analysis focuses on the utilities industry and is based on 120 interviews carried out between July and October 2015.

The study aims to understand the IT solution investment plans of utilities from a customer operations and asset operations perspective, as well as specifics for water utilities. The solutions covered in this study include asset management; billing; customer care; cybersecurity; energy trading and risk management (ETRM); engineering and design; environment, health, and safety (EH&S); enterprise resource planning (ERP); grid maintenance; meter data management (MDM); network automation and control; plant maintenance; plant operations; project management; storage; supply chain management (SCM); and workforce mobility.

"With smart meter deployments picking up again in countries such as France and the U.K., Western European utilities will focus their IT solution investment potential on adopting new MDM solutions and, to a lesser extent, on enhancing/upgrading their existing MDM solutions in the next 12 months," said Gaia Gallotti, research manager, IDC Energy Insights. "Interestingly, this applies to water utilities as well."

Adobe PDF?

Water and Wastewater Utilities Enhance System SecurityMalicious attacks now to be addressed along with natural disasters in new plans

Texas Water Resources Institute

Journal /Industry Article

Adobe PDF


Surviving Disasters: Learning from Experience

Although most utilities have disaster plans, making them work in the face of an actual emergency requires a vigilant, organization-wide approach to identifying potential threats, whether naturally occurring or human made, and training everyone in the organization how to respond in such an event. A variety of information indicates that threats to water systems and utilities are increasing. This article is of interest to utility managers and regulators because it presents the state-of-practice in preparing for and surviving disasters, and it draws primarily on the experience of others in making its recommendations. By considering the organization-wide approach advocated in the article, water suppliers can improve the security and reliability of their systems.


Journal Article

Adobe PDF


Page 26


YearDate

Accessed

Haddow, George 2004 Bullock & Haddow LLC N/A N/A

2003 Lessons Learned N/A White paper PDF


Academic Emergency Management and Related Courses (AEMRC) for the Higher Education Program, Emergency and Risk Management Case Studies Textbook

Downloadable chapters intended to be used by higher education programs to learn about: 1) Introduction to Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management Concepts, 2) Preparedness, 3) Mitigation, 4) Response, 5) Recovery, 6) Communication, 7) Statutory Authority, 8) Business Crisis and Continuity Management and Planning, 9) International Disaster Management, 10) Future Trends and Issues, and 11) Business Community Response in Hurricane Katrina.

Website with download links

Microsoft Word

Halperin, Robin and Haddad, Pierre

Blackout 2003: The Cleveland Division of Water’s Experience

At 4:11 p.m. on August 14, 2003, power went out across a large portion of the Northeastern United States and Canada, throwing 50 million people into complete darkness. Although power outages occur from time to time, the US had never experienced a Blackout of the magnitude as experienced that day. In the greater Cleveland area it took nearly 30 hours to fully restore power to all customers. This was clearly the worst power outage to hit the Cleveland area. The Blackout not only affected traffic lights, air conditioners, residents and businesses in Cleveland but the water system as well. The events of August 14th will forever reshape the thinking of water utility providers throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond.

Cleveland Division of Water

Marlene Sundheimer, Deputy Commissioner, CWDAlex Margevicius, P.E., Assistant Commissioner of Engineering, CWDMaggie Rodgers, Water Quality Manager, CWDRamona Lowery, Associate Engineer, CWDLelia Marinescu, Associate Engineer, CWDBrian Wopershall, P.E., Consulting Engineer, CWDMichael Glisic, Assistant Chief of Distribution, CWDOssie Vason, Water Hydraulic Unit Leader, CWDMichael Bracanovic, Chief Systems Analyst, CWDJohn Neforos, Manager of System Operations, CPPDenis Zaharija, P.E., Engineering Consultant, Metcalf & EddyMing Jiang, P.E., Engineering Consultant, Metcalf & EddyMonica Day, GIS Consultant, Metcalf & Eddy


Page 27


YearDate

Accessed

2006 Risk Management Elsevier N/A N/A

2015 Communication Springer N/A N/A

2004 Security Wiley N/A N/A

Herrick, Charles 2010 Risk Management N/A N/A White Paper

Hamilton, Paul, D., Paul Gale, Simon J.T. Pollard

A commentary on recent water safety initiatives in the context of water utility risk management

Over the last decade, suppliers of drinking water have recognised the limitations of relying solely on end-product monitoring to ensure safe water quality and have sought to reinforce their approach by adopting preventative strategies where risks are proactively identified, assessed and managed. This is leading to the development of water safety plans; structured ‘route maps’ for managing risks to water supply, from catchment to consumer taps. This paper reviews the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) procedure on which many water safety plans are based and considers its appropriateness in the context of drinking water risk management. We examine water safety plans in a broad context, looking at a variety of monitoring, optimisation and risk management initiatives that can be taken to improve drinking water safety. These are cross-compared using a simple framework that facilitates an integrated approach to water safety. Finally, we look at how risk management practices are being integrated across water companies and how this is likely to affect the future development of water safety plans.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Harvey, R. H. Murphy, E. McBean, B. Gharabaghi

Using Data Mining to Understand Drinking Water Advisories in Small Water Systems: a Case Study of Ontario First Nations Drinking Water Supplies

Although access to safe drinking water is widely assumed to be universal, small drinking water systems in many countries continue to experience an unacceptably large number of drinking water advisories (DWAs). The goal of this research is to describe novel data mining tools that identify the factors contributing to DWAs in small drinking water systems. A dataset containing information related to First Nations drinking water systems in the Province of Ontario, Canada is used for the case study. A decision tree classifier (one of the fastest and most versatile predictive modeling algorithms currently available for data mining) visually maps out the relationship of system characteristics (e.g., source water, system age, and operator certification) to DWA likelihood. The developed model achieves an overall accuracy of 71 % during repeated cross-validation of predictive performance and is of utility when prioritizing future expenditures aimed at proactively reducing the risk of delivering compromised water.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Hasan, J., S. States, R. Deininger

Safeguarding The Security Of Public Water SuppliesUsing Early Warning Systems: A Brief Review

This article briefly reviews the essential elementsof an EWS, the relevant plans for developing andimplementing an EWS, and the current status andpotential for an EWS to ensure the security of drinkingwater supplies and systems.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Strategies for Small Wastewater Systems for Risk Reduction and Safeguarding Assets

This report identifies security-related practices applicable for typical small, rural wastewater systems focusing on security practices consistent with the technical, managerial, and financial capacity of small systems. It identifies a series of security-related "Practice Areas" that can be implemented in the near term with modest expenditure of financial and/or staff resources. Additionally, the report outlines a strategy to help small utilities define and implement programs for ongoing, sustainable security enhancement.

Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF)

Book, Abode PDF


Page 28


YearDate

Accessed



2015 Security InterAgency Board (IAB) N/A N/A White Paper

2016 University program with a variety of online resources. N/A Website Website

2016 IDDEQ N/A Website Website

Herrick, Charles, Joanna Pratt, Robert Raucher, Nicole Kalas-Adams, Joseph Cotruv, Kristin Darr-Bornstein, Timothy Gablehouse, John Mencer, Richard Moser, Dale Newkirk, Mary Schnack, and Kennet Westby


Emergency Response and Recovery Planning for Water Systems: A Kit of Tools

This report contains a kit of tools to assist water system managers in preparing and maintaining emergency preparedness programs.

Water Research Foundation (WRF) (AWWA Research Foundation)

Book and CD-ROM

Hulsmann, Adriana, Gesche Grutzmacher, Gerard van den Berg, Wolfgang Rauch, Anders Lynggaard Jensen, Victor Popovych, Mario Rosario, Lydia S. Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, and Dragan A. Savic, Eds.


Climate Change, Water Supply and Sanitation: Risk Assessment, Management, Mitigation and Reduction

The book: addresses issues related to the management of water, waste water and storm water that are impacted by climate change both in quantitative and qualitative aspects; addresses many of the Pan-European problems and optimises, tests and implements adaptive solutions that contribute towards an integrated and coordinated approach; develops adaptation strategies, considering and weighting the mitigation side of solutions to minimise our carbon- and water footprint; improves resilience to deal with the impact of climate change; and contributes to the development of the knowledge base where it concerns the water supply and sanitation sector.

International Water Association (IWA)

Book and E-book

IAB (InterAgency Board)

Improving Active Shooter / Hostile Event Response, Best Practices and Recommendations for Integrating Law Enforcement, Fire and EMS

The InterAgency Board – a group sanctioned by the U.S Attorney General whose goal is to strengthen the nation’s ability to prepare for and respond to disasters – has produced a report of recommendations for improving responses to active shooter incidents and other hostile events. Among its findings, the report notes that improving responses to these situations requires overcoming cultural misperceptions, such as that active shooter and other hostile events are only law enforcement problems and not all hazards, all responder problems.

Adobe PDF

ICDRM (Institute for Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management)


George Washington University Institute for Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management

George Washington University

January 13, 2016

IDDEQ (Idaho Dept of Environmental Quality)


Emergency Preparedness for Public Water Systems

Idaho DEQ page with links to their resources for emergency preparedness for water systems.

January 27, 2016


Page 29


YearDate

Accessed

IEM 2016 Technology IEM N/A Website Website

2015 Security DHS N/A N/A White Paper

2010 RAND Corporation N/A N/A White Paper

Unknown Security JCAT N/A N/A White Paper

Case Study - Quantitative Emergency Management (QEM)

QEM® is IEM's award-winning state-of-the-art simulation that represents the most sophisticated process yet developed for analyzing preparedness. With the capability to run more than 10,000 scenarios in one processing hour through the power of distributed processing, QEM models the behavior of a particular hazard, the emergency response system in place, and the social behavior of the population during a response.

January 12, 2016

ISC (Interagency Security Committee)

Planning and Response to an Active Shooter: An Interagency Security Committee Policy and Best Practices Guide

For water and wastewater utilities, each facility is recommended to have an active shooter preparedness plan. This active shooter guide includes procedures for preparedness, training and exercises, response (run, hide, or fight), and recovery along with other resources and templates. According to the guide, an effective active shooter plan will include procedures for the following areas:

Proactive steps to identify individuals who may commit a violent act Preferred method of reporting incidents How to neutralize the threat Evacuation and lockdown per building Integration with facility incident commanders (internal and external) Local emergency response contacts Restoration of operations

The primary mission of the ISC Active Shooter Working Group is to streamline existing ISC documents on active shooter into one cohesive policy and guidance document to promote the highest chance of victim and responder survivability. Due to the nature of an active shooter event, this document contains guidance for all who might be involved, including law enforcement agencies, facility tenants, and the public. Certain responsibilities outlined within this document are specific to designated law enforcement officers or the authorities. Other sections of this document are meant to educate facility tenants regarding actions they can take to save themselves or others.

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Jackson, Brian, A., Kay Sullivan Faith, Henry H. Willis


Evaluating the Reliability of Emergency Response Systems for Large-Scale Incident Operations

This report addresses the ability to measure preparedness from a perspective that is very different from those used in most previous efforts. We view the response operation for a large-scale emergency or disaster as a system, one that is built to address post-incident needs and potentially involves multiple separate organizations.

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JCAT (Joint Counterterrorism Assessment Team)

Intelligence Guide for First Responders

The Joint Counterterrorism Assessment Team, which is led by officials from the FBI, DHS, and the NCTC, has released the revised Intelligence Guide for First Responders to assist public safety personnel in accessing, understanding, and contributing to intelligence reporting. It is intended to encourage information sharing between all government agencies and relevant stakeholders. It contains information on what intelligence is and the intelligence community, how to gain access to and appropriately handle intelligence community information, and how to identify and report suspicious activity with a potential nexus to terrorism.

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2009 Technology Springer N/A N/A

Jones, Sam 2015 Technology The Guardian N/A N/A Blog

Kapucu, Naim 2008 Wiley N/A N/A

2006 Sage Publications N/A N/A

Johnsen, S., T. Skramstad, J. Hagen

ENHANCING THE SAFETY, SECURITYAND RESILIENCE OF ICT AND SCADASYSTEMS USING ACTION RESEARCH

This paper discusses the results of a questionnaire-based survey used to assess the safety, security and resilience of information and communications technology (ICT) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems used in the Norwegian oil and gas industry. Thesurvey identifies several challenges, including the involvement of professionals with different backgrounds and expertise, lack of common risk perceptions, inadequate testing and integration of ICT and SCADA systems, poor information sharing related to undesirable incidents andlack of resilience in the design of technical systems. Action research is proposed as a process for addressing these challenges in a systematic manner and helping enhance the safety, security and resilience of ICT and SCADA systems used in oil and gas operations.

Book Chapter

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When Disaster Strikes, it's Time to Fly in the 3D Printers

3D printing has been used to mend the pipes after the Nepal earthquake, and NGOs believe the technology could radically change the speed and cost of humanitarian aid.

Web page


Collaborative emergency management: better community organising, better public preparedness and response

Community coordination requires communication and planning of precautions to take when faced with a severe threat of disaster. The unique case of the four Florida hurricanes of 2004—Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne—is used here to assess community responses to repeated threats of hurricanes. The paper examines how effectiveness in coordinating community disaster response efforts affects future public preparedness. The findings suggest that pre-season planning, open communication between emergency managers and elected officials, and the use of technology all had a significant impact on community responses. The repeated threat scenario indicates that emergency managers must work vigilantly to keep residents informed of the seriousness of a situation. The study describes how emergency managers in Florida countered public complacency during four hurricanes in six weeks. The strategies identified as useful by public managers in the context of hurricanes are applicable to other natural and man-made disasters.

Journal Article

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Kapucu, Naim and Montgomery Van Wart


The Evolving Role of the Public Sector in Managing Catastrophic DisastersLessons Learned

This article focuses on the emerging role of the public sector in dealing with catastrophic disasters. An empirical analysis of the 9/11 response operations provides a detailed case study with an eye to its implications for not only emergency management practice but public policy as well. The “horde of hurricanes” inundating Florida in 2004 provides a brief example of a “routine” disaster for comparative purposes. The argument is made that the response to the extreme event of 9/11 provides clear evidence of (a) the different standards expected of the public sector in the 21st century and (b) the fundamental difference in kind between routine disasters and catastrophic disasters. The article states that the public increasingly expects better public sector leadership before, during, and after catastrophic disasters than has been seen in the past. High standards of responsiveness and the ubiquitous media compel public leaders to coordinate resources effectively.

Journal Article

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2013a N/A N/A

2013b N/A N/A

2012 KDW N/A N/A

KDHE (Kansas Department of Health and Environment)


EMS Emergency Planning Guidance and Best Practices

Emergency planning is one of the most integral steps in fulfilling your agency’s mission. The role of emergency planning is to ensure that, through effective preparation, your agency will be positioned to achieve short and long term response and recovery during an emergency event. Emergency planning will assist your agency in making decisions on priorities and resource allocations prior to an emergency event. It will also assist agencies by providing guidance for multiyear plans and budgets.

KDHE (Kansas Department of Health and Environment)

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KDHE-BOW (Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Bureau of Water Resources)


Emergency Response Planning Guidancefor Kansas Public Water Supply Systems

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for developing or revising public water supply system Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) for public water systems in the State of Kansas.


Guidance Document

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Simplified Vulnerability Assessment Tool forDrinking Water


Guidance Document

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KDW (Kentucky Division of Water)


Kentucky Division of Water, Emergency Response Plan Template, Public Drinking Water Systems

The Kentucky Division of Water has developed this template in 2012 to assist water systems with emergency response planning. No two public water systems are alike. Therefore, no two Emergency Response Plans will be the same. The template can and should be modified to fit the specific needs of each public water system. Preparing, maintaining, and exercising an Emergency Response Plan are all essential to the fluid operations of a public water system. An effective Emergency Response Plan will prepare each staff member for emergency situations.

Guidance Document

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2003 Training Inderscience N/A N/A

2005 Elsevier N/A N/A

Kincaid, J. Peter, Joseph Donovan, Beth Pettitt

Simulation techniques for training emergency response

The Institute for Simulation and Training (IST), University of Central Florida, in conjunction with the US Army and the Orange County (Florida) Fire Rescue Department, have developed and fielded a series of simulation techniques for conducting disaster exercises and training public safety personnel to respond to disasters. Simulator training offers several important advantages, including cost and safety. We are also gathering persuasive evidence that training effectiveness is substantially improved by the use of simulation as compared with traditional field exercises. Our programme is now in its seventh year and has concentrated on training for two main skill domains: emergency management incident command, and emergency medical care performed in the field. We provide a programmatic overview, including descriptions and illustrations of the following projects: Project Plowshares, sponsored by the US Army, involved conversion of a war game simulation to support civilian emergency management exercises; the Combat Trauma Patient Simulator, a project funded by the US Army and the manufacturer (METI), uses a highly realistic medical simulator connected to the internet to model treatment of battlefield casualties; crisis management field exercises have been supported by the use of simulation techniques and technology, in conjunction with the US and Swedish military and local public safety agencies, particularly the Orange County Fire Rescue Department.

Journal Article

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Kwan, Mei-Po and Jiyeong Lee


Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments

In this paper, we examine the potential of using real-time 3D GIS for the development and implementation of GIS-based intelligent emergency response systems (GIERS) that aim at facilitating quick emergency response to terrorist attacks on multi-level structures (e.g. multi-story office buildings). We outline a system architecture and a network data model that integrates the ground transportation system with the internal conduits within multi-level structures into a navigable 3D GIS. We examine important implementation issues of GIERS, especially the need for wireless and mobile deployment. Important decision support functionalities of GIERS are also explored with particular reference to the application of network-based shortest path algorithms. Finally, we present the results of an experimental implementation of an integrated 3D network data model using a GIS database of Franklin County, Ohio (USA). Our study shows that response delay within multi-level structures can be much longer than delays incurred on the ground transportation system, and GIERS have the potential for considerably reducing these delays.

Journal Article

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2006 Lessons Learned INFORMS N/A

2012 Technology Springer N/A N/A

2007 WERF, AWWA N/A N/A White Paper


Matthews, John C. 2015 Resiliency N/A N/A

Larson, Richard, Michael Metzger, Michael Cahn

Responding to Emergencies: Lessons Learned and the Need for Analysis

Large-scale emergency incidents, such as acts of terrorism, human-caused accidents, and acts of nature, often overwhelm local first-responder resources. A historical review of five recent major emergencies—the Oklahoma City bombing (1995), the crash of United Airlines Flight 232 (1989), the sarin attack in the Tokyo subway (1995), Hurricane Floyd (1999), and Hurricane Charlie (2004)—shows the need for additional research to develop decision-oriented, operations research models to improve preparation for and response to major emergencies. Local emergency managers need decision guidance regarding evacuation directives, management of near-the-scene logistics, triage on the scene and at hospitals, use of volunteers and off-duty personnel, reducing telephone traffic congestion, and integration of response with second- and third-level responders from other jurisdictions. Especially promising is the potential use of data mining and statistical inference to glean more real-time information from 911 calls that may be reporting a coordinated attack at multiple locations.

Authors from MIT and Structured Decisions Corp.

Journal Article

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Lopez, Javier, R. Setola, S. Wolthusen

Critical Infrastructure Protection: Information Infrastructure Models, Analysis and Defense

Volume containing several potential relevant articles including: Security Aspects of SCADA and DCS Environments; SCADA Protocol Vulnerabilities; Protection of SCADA Communication Channels; and Anomaly Detection in Water Management Systems among others.

Journal Volume

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Marlow, David, Simon Heart, Stewart Burn, Antony Urquhart, Scott Gould, Max Anderson, Steve Cook, Michael Ambrose, Belinda Madin, and Andrew Fitzgerald

Asset Management

Condition Assessment Strategies and Protocols for Water and Wastewater Assets

The objective of this research was to provide water and wastewater utilities with information on how to effectively use condition assessment tools and techniques to improve both long-term planning and day-to-day management of assets. The report is structured for two distinct audiences: 1) Utility planning managers who want to embark upon cost-effective condition and performance assessment programs to support long-term planning decisions, and 2) engineering/maintenance managers seeking to identify and understand the advantages and disadvantages of tools and techniques for measuring the condition and performance of utility assets in order to support daily maintenance and operation of assets.

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MassDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection)


Emergency Planning and Preparedness Tips for WWTP and WTP Operators

This checklist provides operators and key staff members with information and advice on critical items that should be considered and checked to help you gauge your treatment plant's emergency preparedness status.

MassDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection)

January 27, 2016

Disaster Resilience of Critical Water Infrastructure System

This paper outlines and quantifies the key aspects of water infrastructure system resiliency (e.g., water system redundancy, wastewater system storage, etc.) to allow for comparison. An analysis of these parameters using historical hazardous events (i.e., hurricanes Katrina and Rita) is presented to determine what the best practices should be moving forward. Recommendations for incorporating the best practices into future designs are presented.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Journal Article

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Accessed


2001 N/A N/A


2009 Technology Taylor and Francis N/A N/A

2010 GreenseamsSM Program N/A White Paper

Means, Edward, III, Maryline Laugier, Jennifer Daw, Laurna Kaatz, and Marc Waage


Decision Support Planning Methods:Incorporating Climate ChangeUncertainties into Water Planning

This white paper will help water utilities learn about and evaluate these newplanning techniques, called Decision Support Planning Methods (DSPMs), for use in their ownclimate adaptation efforts.

Water Utility Climate Alliance / Malcom Pirnie, Inc and Denver Water

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Mendonca, David, Giampiero Beroggi, and William Wallace


Decision Support for improvisation during emergency response operations

In this paper we propose the concept of decision support forimprovisation in emergency management. The concept is based on theparadigm of operational risk management and is motivated by the observation that emergency response organisations must be prepared to improvise during response activities. The process of emergency response in light of this new concept is first discussed and opportunities for supporting the process identified. We conclude with a review of a project at the Port of Rotterdam, where we are currently assessing this new decision making approach for emergency management.

Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Journal Article

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Menoni, S., F. Pergalani, M.P. Boni, V. Petrini


Lifelines earthquake vulnerability assessment: a systematic approach

This study aimed at developing a model to evaluate lifelines seismic vulnerability, considering physical, functional, and organizational factors as deeply interconnected one to the other. The resulting assessment tool consists of a set of parameters measuring the response capacity of lifelines exposed to earthquakes.

The notion of systemic vulnerability is the underlying frame of the proposed evaluation method: what can be measured is how prone is a system to damage or failure not only as a consequence of some kind of physical damage occurring to one of its components, but also as the indirect effect of some physical, functional, or organizational failure suffered by other systems.

The assessment tool has been applied in Regione Lombardia, Italy, providing as a final output recommendations for prioritizing and taking actions to reduce the potential of magnified effects as a consequence of lifelines interruption in earthquakes aftermath.

Journal Article

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Mills, A., R. Chen, J. Lee, and H.R. Rao

Web 2.0 Emergency Applications: How Useful Can Twitter be for Emergency Response?

Twitter is a free, platform-independent, Web 2.0 communication application that allows users to send short (up to 140 characters) electronic messages to other individual users and user groups. Twitter users can send messages to one another via most internet-enabled devices capable of text messaging. This new and unique service offers great potential for rapid and integrated response to disasters. We explore the upsides and the downsides of this free service as a modern communications tool in the hands of disaster response professionals, government agencies, crisis management organizations (CMOs), organizations, and victims of disasters.

Journal Article

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MMSD (Milwalke Metropolitan Sewerage District)


The GreenseamsSM Program Preserve Guide, 2001-2010 Ten Years in Review

Program developed by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) to look at structural and natural water management issues together for managing flooding. The GreenseamsSM Program protects andrestores nature to help reduce flooding risks and polluted stormwater runoff.

The Conservation Fund, Milwalke Metropolitan Sewerage District

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Moynihan, David 2007 Case Study N/A N/A White Paper

2016 Funding MRSC N/A Website Website

Murphy, Brenda 2007 Resiliency N/A

Moderl, M. and W. Rauch


Spatial risk assessment for critical network infrastructure using sensitivity analysis

The presented spatial risk assessment method allows for managing critical network infrastructure in urban areas under abnormal and future conditions caused e.g., by terrorist attacks, infrastructure deterioration or climate change. For the spatial risk assessment, vulnerability maps for critical network infrastructure are merged with hazard maps for an interfering process. Vulnerability maps are generated using a spatial sensitivity analysis of network transport models to evaluate performance decrease under investigated thread scenarios. Thereby parameters are varied according to the specific impact of a particular threat scenario. Hazard maps are generated with a geographical information system using raster data of the same threat scenario derived from structured interviews and cluster analysis of events in the past. The application of the spatial risk assessment is exemplified by means of a case study for a water supply system, but the principal concept is applicable likewise to other critical network infrastructure. The aim of the approach is to help decision makers in choosing zones for preventive measures.

Journal Article

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From Forest Fires to Hurricane Katrina: Case Studies of Incident Command Systems

Recognizing an ICS as a hierarchical network isimportant because it helps us to consider what management factors will lead to successful crisis response. Treating an ICS solely as a hierarchy or solely as a network would lead to a misdiagnosis of management issues. This report also begins to identifythe management factors that were important for incident command systems in a variety of settings, including responses to two major wildland-urban fires, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, the terrorist attack on the Pentagon in 2001, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

IBM Center for the Business of Government

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MRSC (Municipal Resources and Services Center)

Emergency Management Resources for Water and Wastewater Systems

Municipal Research and Services Center (MRSC) is a WA nonprofit organization dedicated to proactively supporting the success of local governments state-wide by providing collaborative consultation and immediate access to a vast research and knowledge base. This page provides emergency preparedness, mutual aid, and drought assistance resources for public water and wastewater utilities in Washington State. It is part of MRSC's series on Emergency Management and Disaster Planning.

January 28, 2016

Locating social capital in resilient community-level emergency management

This paper distinguishes between two types of emergency management at the local scale—municipal government responsibilities and community-level initiatives. It argues that these are interdependent, but separate aspects of emergency management. Communities, whether or not tied to particular places, are posited as being key, but often overlooked resources in both proactive and reactive phases of emergency management. Of particular importance within communities are the social capital resources (networks of strong and weak ties) that may work to improve a community’s resilience to risks and hazards. Two cases studies, the 2003 electricity power blackout in the eastern parts of both Canada and the United States and the 2000 water-borne disaster in Walkerton are utilised to demonstrate the concepts developed in the paper.

Kluwer Academic Publishers

Journal Article

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2016 NACWA N/A Website Website

2016 Security NCPC N/A Website Website

2016 Training NDPTC N/A Website Website

2002 Security N/A N/A

New York State 2016 State of New York N/A Website Website

2016 NHDES N/A Website Website

NHRAIC et al. 2003 N/A N/A White Paper

NACWA (National Assoc. of Clean Water Agencies)


NACWA Issues: Security & Emergency Preparedness

NACWA works with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and other water sector associations on projects that will help utilities with their security and emergency preparedness. NACWA's advocacy in this area focuses on preserving local choices for utilities and obtaining funding for any mandatory security measures. Page shows posts/announcements for 2015.

January 28, 2016

NCPC (National Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium)

Homepage of the National Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium (NCPC)

Five universities have partnered and collaborated to establish the National Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium. The consortium is organized around the Community Cyber Security Maturity Model (CCSMM) that emphasizes cyber-security as being the responsibility of the "whole community". Website includes links to research, training, and technical assistance.

January 28, 2016

NDPTC (National Disaster Preparedness Training Center)

NDPTC (National Disaster Preparedness Training Center) at the University of Hawai'i: Course Catalog

Online catalog of NDPTC courses available, including "Leveraging Tools for Conducting Damage Assessments", "Social Media for Natural Disaster Response and Recovery", etc.

January 28, 2016

NETCSC (National Environmental Training Center for Small Communities)

Protecting Your Community's Assets: A Guide for Small Wastewater Systems

This guide helps utility managers, operators, and local officials improve security and plan for emergency situations affecting wastewater treatment systems. The guide is designed for those who work with systems serving less than 10,000 people, although it may also be of use to those who work in larger systems.

National Environmental Training Center for Small Communities (NETCSC)

Guidance Document

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New York State, Homeland Security and Emergency Services

Website with a variety of links to emergency response resources used by the State of New York.

January 16, 2016

NHDES (New Hampshire Dept of Environmental Services)


Water System Emergency Planning/Security

NH Dept of Environmental Services Water Division website that provides links to many emergency planning services.

January 27, 2016


BEYOND SEPTEMBER 11TH AN ACCOUNT OFPOST-DISASTER RESEARCH

Extensive report on the response to September 11th. Relevant articles include, but are not limited to: 1) Managing Disruptions to Critical Interdependent Infrastructures in the Context of the 2001 World Trade Center Attack; 2) Public Infrastructure Service Flexibility for Response and Recovery in the Attacks at the World Trade Center, September 11, 2001; and 3) Lessons Learned from the World Trade Center Disasterabout Critical Utility Systems

Natural Hazards Research and Applications InformationCenter (NHRAIC), Public Entity Risk Institute, and Institute for Civil InfrastructureSystems.

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NJ American Water 2013 Resiliency N/A N/A White Paper

unknown N/A N/A

unknown-2 N/A N/A

unknown-4 N/A N/A

unknown-5 N/A N/A

unknown-3 Power Sources N/A N/A

2007 N/A N/A

New Jersey Clean Water Council HearingApril 9, 2013A Resilient New Jersey: Adapting Water Infrastructure to the “New Normal”Testimony New Jersey ‐American Water Company

Testimony from New Jersey American Water to the Clean Water Council. Recent weather patterns combined with the issue of aging infrastructure are causing us to review our traditional planning and design criteria. The design standards for supplies, treatment plants,pump stations and tanks are taken together to achieve a level of zero service outages. The so called new normal has led us to look beyond traditional reliability and emergency planning into a world thatneeds the speed of recovery and resiliency for much more widespread events.

New Jersey American Water

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NJDEP (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection)

Asset Management

Asset Management Guidance and Best Practices

Guidance developed by the New Jersey DEP to help utility managers manage utility assets, including use of RAMCAP Plus to assess critical and vulnerable assets.


Guidance Document

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Emergency Response Preparedness/PlanningGuidance and Best Practices - Wastewater Systems

This technical guidance is intended to outline the essential elements of emergency response planning for wastewater treatment and collection systems.


Guidance Document

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Emergency Response Preparedness/PlanningGuidance and Best Practice - Drinking Water Systems

This technical guidance is intended to outline the essential elements of emergency response planning for drinking water systems.


Guidance Document

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Infrastructure Flood Protection Guidance and Best Practices

Identifies design requirements governing recovery or mitigation activities for which federal and/or state funding assistance is provided, clarifies existing state regulations on recovery or mitigation activities in floodplains and encourages measures to enhance flood resiliency for both existing and new facilities.


Guidance Document

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Auxiliary Power Guidance and Best Practices

This technical guidance document is intended to clarify the NJDEP's existing requirements as they apply to the provision of auxiliary power for wastewater and drinking water systems. DEP is currently promulgating new rules that will incorporate best practices for auxiliary power to the extent that current rules do not directly address them.


Guidance Document

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NMED (New Mexico Environment Department)


Emergency Response Protocol forThreats or Intrusions to Public WaterSystems

This protocol has been developed by the New Mexico Environment Department’s Drinking Water Bureau to aide in the management of decisions and actions to be taken in the event of an actual or potential catastrophic event at public water systems. Such events may include but not be limited to terrorist attacks, malevolent actions, natural disasters, and environmental accidents that pose severe risk to the health and safety of consumers served by the public water system.

NMED (New Mexico Environment Department), Drinking Water Bureau

Guidance Document

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O'Day, D. Kelly 1982 N/A N/A

2014 Lessons Learned N/A N/A White Paper

unknown N/A N/A

2010 Communication EPA N/A White Paper

2004 Health and Safety N/A N/A White Paper

NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)


NRC: Emergency Preparedness & Response

NRC website that provides a variety of resources related to emergency preparedness and response specific to the nuclear industry. NRC's incident response program integrates the overall NRC capabilities for the response and recovery of radiological incidents and emergencies involving facilities and materials regulated by the NRC or an Agreement State.

NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

January 14, 2016

Asset Management

Organization and Analyzing Leak and Break Data for Making Main Replacement Decisions

This paper presents examples of how analysis of routine operating records can be used by distribution managers to help pinpoint problem mains so that actions can be taken for maintenance and rehabilitation. The following are discussed: causes of water main breaks, including excessive loads, temperature, and corrosion; the effect of age on water breaks; and the geography of main breaks in Severn-Trent, England and New York City, New York.


Journal Article

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OEMA (Office of Emergency Management Assessment)

Office of Enterprise AssessmentsLessons Learned from the 2014Emergency Management Reviews

Six reviews included an assessment of the sites’ progress in implementing severe event planning and preparedness guidelines that DOE issued to address lessons learned from the 2011 Fukushima event in Japan. Four of the reviews also included an evaluation of the sites’ response to a severe event by observing the sites’ annual exercise. EA reviewed the emergency management program’s technical basis and its commensurate state of preparedness at the two remaining sites. Additionally, EA examined the accident investigations and other reviews resulting from two events at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) that identified broad deficiencies in site emergency planning preparedness and response, many of which EA or other organizations had previously identified but the site had not yet corrected. EA then observed the December 2014 exercise and noted that although significant progress had been made, much work remains to improve the WIPP emergency management program. This report reflects lessons learned from the collective results of those reviews for use by all DOE/NNSA sites, including one “best practice” and the 15 lessons-learned statements.

Office of Emergency Management AssessmentsOffice of Environment, Safety and Health AssessmentsOffice of Enterprise AssessmentsU.S. Department of Energy

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OHA (Oregon Health Authority)


PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANINTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL PLAN

Oregon Emergency Response Plan Guidance for drinking water utilities. Check "Relation" link provided for other additional resources.

OHA (Oregon Health Authority)

Guidance Document

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Olstein, Myron, Edward Markus, Shan Lin, Charles Day, Donald Schlenger, and William Lloyd

Optimizing the Water Utility Customer Contact Center

Report provides utilities with a toolkit, along with supporting research, to help make the transition to an optimized customer contact center.


Adobe PDF

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)

Principal Emergency Response and Preparedness Requirements and Guidance

This publication provides a generic, non-exhaustive overview of OSHA standards for emergencies.

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) in the U.S. Department of Labor

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2016 Health and Safety N/A Website Website

2014 Technology N/A N/A

Otte, Jim 2016 Security e.Repbulic N/A N/A Website

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)

OSHA: Emergency Preparedness and Response

OSHA website that provides links to multiple resources related to emergency preparedness and response. These Emergency Preparedness and Response pages provide information on how to prepare and train for emergencies and the hazards to be aware of when an emergency occurs. The pages provide information for employers and workers across industries, and for workers who will be responding to the emergency. For information on how to get started with preparing for an emergency, visit the "Getting Started - General Preparedness and Response" section. This section provides information for general businesses and for workers who will respond to the emergency. The information in this section is designed to apply to a wide variety of emergency preparedness and response incidents. For guidance on a particular type of emergency, visit our Natural Disaster or Specific Hazards Web pages.

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) in the U.S. Department of Labor

January 14, 2016

OSTP (Office of Science and Technology Policy)

FACT SHEET: White House Innovation for Disaster Response and Recovery Demo Day

Summary document of: The White House Innovation for Disaster Response and Recovery Initiative was launched by the Administration in the wake of Hurricane Sandy to find the most effective ways technology can empower survivors; first responders; and local, state, tribal, territorial, and Federal governments with critical information and resources.To help address the challenges that severe weather and other disasters can pose to our communities, today the White House is hosting the Innovation for Disaster Response and Recovery Initiative Demo Day. This event brings together technologists, entrepreneurs, and members of the disaster response community to showcase tools that will make a tangible impact in the lives of survivors of large-scale emergencies. Building on the innovations highlighted as part of the President’s Hurricane Briefing in May 2014, these innovations aim to enable, empower, and strengthen these survivors and their communities in the wake of a disaster.

The White House, Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)

Fact Sheet/Press Release

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Training Offered to Prepare for Active Shooters

Emergency Management has reported that a growing number of businesses are hiring security experts to train employees on how to respond to a workplace attack. According to a 2014 study published by the FBI, 46% of active shooter incidents occurred at businesses. In 56.3% of incidents, the shooting ends with the gunman committing suicide or fleeing the scene. Expanding on the "run, hide, fight" mantra, trainers can demonstrate how even a minor distraction such as throwing small objects at the shooter could give people the opportunity to flee. In the best case scenario, law enforcement arrives in 2.5 to 3 minutes while employees must attempt to survive. A growing number of businesses are also requesting a detailed analysis of facilities to prevent an active shooter situation. In addition, newly developed security systems can be used to detect gunshots, direct employees away from shooter, and notify police of the shooter's location via sensors

Magazine Article


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2014 Springer Netherlands N/A N/A

2011 Security Springer N/A N/A

Pagano, Alessandro, Raffaele Giordano, Ivan Portoghese, Umberto Fratino, and Michele Vurro

Vulnerability Assessment

A Bayesian vulnerability assessment tool for drinking water mains under extreme events

The main aim of the work was therefore to provide decision makers with an effective operational tool which could support them mainly to increase risk awareness and preparedness and, possibly, to ease emergency management. The proposed tool is based on Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN), a probabilistic methodology which has demonstrated outstanding potential to integrate a range of sources of knowledge, a great flexibility and the ability to handle in a mathematically sound way uncertainty due to data scarcity and/or limited knowledge of the system to be managed. The tool was implemented to analyze the vulnerability of two of the most important water supply systems in the Apulia region (southern Italy) which have been damaged in the past by natural hazards.

Journal Article

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Panguluri, S., W. Phillips, J. Cusimano

Protecting water and wastewater infrastructure from cyber attacks

Multiple organizations over the years have collected and analyzed data on cyber attacks and they all agree on one conclusion: cyber attacks are real and can cause significant damages. This paper presents some recent statistics on cyber attacks and resulting damages. Water and wastewater utilities must adopt countermeasures to prevent or minimize the damage in case of such attacks.

Many unique challenges are faced by the water and wastewater industry while selecting and implementing security countermeasures; the key challenges are: 1) the increasing interconnection of their business and control system networks, 2) large variation of proprietary industrial control equipment utilized, 3) multitude of cross-sector cyber-security standards, and 4) the differences in the equipment vendor’s approaches to meet these security standards. The utilities can meet these challenges by voluntarily selecting and adopting security standards, conducting a gap analysis, performing vulnerability/risk analysis, and undertaking countermeasures that best meets their security and organizational requirements.

Utilities should optimally utilize their limited resources to prepare and implement necessary programs that are designed to increase cyber-security over the years. Implementing cyber security does not necessarily have to be expensive, substantial improvements can be accomplished through policy, procedure, training and awareness. Utilities can also get creative and allocate more funding through annual budgets and reduce dependence upon capital improvement programs to achieve improvements in cyber-security.

Journal Article

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Pittman, Elaine 2012 Technology emergencymgmt.com N/A N/A Web Article Website

Pittman, Elaine 2014 Technology emergencymgmt.com N/A N/A Web Article Website

Ponemon Institute 2014 Security Ponemon Institute N/A N/A White Paper


Patterson, C. and J. Adams


Emergency response planning to reduce the impact of contaminated drinking water during natural disasters

Natural disasters can be devastating to local water supplies affecting millions of people. Disaster recovery plans and water industry collaboration during emergencies protect consumers from contaminated drinking water supplies and help facilitate the repair of public water systems. Prior to an event, utilities and municipalities can use “What if”? scenarios to develop emergency operation, response, and recovery plans designed to reduce the severity of damage and destruction. Government agencies including the EPA are planning ahead to provide temporary supplies of potable water and small drinking water treatment technologies to communities as an integral part of emergency response activities that will ensure clean and safe drinking water.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

3 Emerging Technologies That Will Impact Emergency Management

Article that profiles 3 tools for emergency managers: 1) SimulationDeck to provide a way for agencies to test their social media and public outreach practices; 2) Intellistreets, an emerging technology that outfits streetlight poles with wireless technology to provide emergency alerting, homeland security and public safety functions as well as energy conservation; and 3) iDAWG — Intelligent Deployable Augmented Wireless Gateway — works with a new class of software, called edgeware, that connects devices and information and helps with machine-to-machine communication.

White House Innovation Day Highlights Disaster Response, Recovery

Emergency managers converged with the tech community in Washington, D.C., to discuss tools that can create more resilient communities and also positively impact disaster preparedness, response and recovery. The White House Innovation for Disaster Response and Recovery Initiative Demo Day on July 29 showcased new innovations in both government and the private sector that aim to aid the survivors of large-scale emergencies.

Critical Infrastructure: Security Preparedness and Maturity

Ponemon Institute is pleased to present the results of the “Critical Infrastructure: Security Preparedness and Maturity” study, sponsored by Unisys ["Independently concuted by Ponemon Institute"]. The purpose of this research is to learn how utility, oil and gas, alternate energy and manufacturing organizations are addressing cyber security threats. These industries have become a high profile target for security exploits. Moreover, it has been reported that if their industrial controls systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems were attacked the damage could be enormous.

Adobe PDF

Raucher, Karen and Robert


Embracing Uncertainty: A Case Study Examination of How Climate Change is Shifting Water Utility Planning

This case study white paper, written for water utility professionals, shares insights into how and why water agencies are modifying their planning and decision-making processes to prepare for climate change.

Water Utility Climate Alliance, American Water Works Association, Water Research Foundation, Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies / Stratus Consulting and Denver Water

Adobe PDF


Page 42


YearDate

Accessed

2014 IWA Publishing, Elsevier N/A N/A White Paper

2015 N/A Website

Reddick, Chris 2011 Technology WIley N/A N/A

2015 N/A N/A

Ray, Chittaranjan and Ravi Jain


Low Cost Emergency Water Purification Technologies: Integrated Water Security Series

Developing a guideline for emergency water treatment becomes even more important as the number of natural events continues to increase. Simple and low cost technologies have been developed to provide ways to treat water, ranging from point of use (POU) treatment to small scale (SS) community treatment. During times of natural disasters, POU and SS technologies offer applicable ways for providing clean and safe water. This guide to emergency water treatment has been developed based on current research, products, and field studies to create an expeditious and easy process for choosing which technology is most appropriate in each emergency situation.

Book, Adobe PDF

RCAP (Rural Community Assistance Partnership)


Security and Emergency Response Planning Toolbox for Small Water and Wastewater Systems

The RCAP Security Toolbox was first published in 2006 and consists of five core modules plus appendices. The core modules include: 1) a simple and practical vulnerability assessment guide for small drinking water and/or wastewater systems; 2) emergency-response planning instructions for small drinking water systems; 3) an emergency-response planning template for small drinking water systems; 4) emergency-response planning instructions for small wastewater systems; and 5) an emergency-response planning template for small wastewater systems.

Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP)

December 17, 2015

Website, Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word and PPT

Information technology and emergency management: preparedness planning in US states

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of information technology (IT) on emergency preparedness and planning by analysing a survey of US state government departments of emergency management. The research results show that there has been a significant impact of IT on emergency planning. IT has proven to be effective for all phases of emergency management, but especially for the response phase. There are numerous technologies used in emergency management, ranging from the internet, Geographic Information Systems and wireless technologies to more advanced hazard analysis models. All were generally viewed as being effective. Lack of financial resources and support from elected officials is a perennial problem in public administration, and was found to be prevalent in this study of IT and emergency management. There was evidence that state governments rating high on a performance index were more likely to use IT for emergency management.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Reeve, M., B. Altevogt, M. Davis


Regional Disaster Response Coordinationto Support Health Outcomes, Summary of a Workshop Series

The National Academy of Sciences has published a report describing the discussions and takeaways from a series of workshops that explored opportunities to strengthen the regional coordination required for an effective public health response to a large-scale, multi-jurisdictional disaster. During one workshop the response to the spill of the chemical methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) that occurred in Charleston, West Virginia in early 2014 was examined to facilitate a discussion about coordinating messages to the public. Some of the challenges and lessons learned from this incident are identified, including the finding that a public health information officer position should be activated to help ensure that public health information is up-to-date and included in broader communication.

National Academies Press

White Paper, Workshop Summary

Adobe PDF


Page 43


YearDate

Accessed

Reid, K. 2016 Communication e.Repbulic N/A Web Article Website


Where to go during a communications shutdown, Local radio amateur group volunteers can help maintain communications until the normal operations resume.

Emergency Management has posted an article on the role of local radio amateur group volunteers during communications shutdowns. During natural disasters, accidental cable cuts, or damage to equipment, local radio amateur groups are called upon to help maintain communications until normal operations can resume. These situations involve lack of cell reception, no internet service, no power, or the need to set up communications in remote areas.

In the state of Georgia, amateur radio volunteers are required to complete FEMA courses so they can understand how to work within the Incident Command System (ICS). To align with served agency needs, members are also working to become fluent in three digital communication formats to send and receive text, email and ICS-213 forms. They use specially developed software, such as Fldigi, and support amateur communications formats like Winlink, and D-RATS. At least one groups practice digital and voice operations weekly.

Keep in mind, amateur radio operators will be stopped and turned away at building access points and on the road to emergencies, unless security personnel have also been trained to recognize their identification and let them through.

February 3, 2016

Rockaway, Thomas, D. and David Simpson

Emergency Communications with Your Local Government and Community

Researchers developed hands-on, research-based communication planning tools specific to water and wastewater utilities. These tools were based on analysis of current emergency communication practices, including a literature review, a survey of water and wastewater utilities, and interviews with select survey participants to derive best practices. Using this analysis, researchers created a Communication Preparedness Guide that assists utility representatives in applying current best practices in the industry. The guide walks the user through creating a customized plan. Along with print resources, the report is accompanied by a CD-ROM-based software tool for building and managing a customized emergency communications plan. This computer-based system, titled eCIMs, allows users the unprecedented ability to easily prepare for communicating in virtually any kind of emergency.


Adobe PDF


Page 44


YearDate

Accessed

2007 N/A N/A

2012 Security ACM? N/A N/A

Rooney, Cathering and Glen W. White


Consumer PerspectiveNarrative Analysis of a Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Survey From Persons With Mobility Impairments

The purpose of this qualitative study is to gain a better understanding of disaster preparedness for and the difficulties faced by persons with mobility impairments to guide future research and policy development. From an online Internet survey, 56 persons with mobility impairments who have experienced a catastrophic event described what was helpful for survival, what difficulties were experienced during and after the event, lessons learned, and future directions for emergency management. From a consumer perspective, it was found that both general and disability-related disaster preparedness efforts were useful for the survival, independence, health, and safety of persons with mobility impairments. It was also found that coworkers, family, friends, neighbors, and strangers often formed spontaneous networks during and after disasters that provided needed assistance. Difficulties surfaced when there was a lack of community and workplace evacuation plans, someone was left behind during an evacuation, there was no accessible sheltering or temporary housing, and infrastructure broke down (power, public transportation, and elevators). Persons with mobility impairments encouraged their peers to develop individual preparedness plans and to be active in community-based disaster planning. Emergency management was asked to address the needs of persons with disabilities and to include them in emergency management.

Hamill Institute on Disabilities (?)

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Rouf, I., H. Mustafa, M. Xu, W. Xu, R. Miller, M. Gruteser

Neighborhood Watch: Security and Privacy Analysis of Automatic Meter Reading Systems

Researchers at the University of South Carolina recently released a study that examined the security of automated meters, which are used by utilities in the electricity, gas, and water sectors. Using easily obtainable tools and open source data, the researchers found that certain types of smart meters are broadcasting unencrypted information that, with the right software, would enable eavesdroppers to determine whether you're at home. Approximately 1 in 3 homes and businesses in the United States now have these types of meters. New meters are supposed to employ encryption but it leaves the approximately 46 million AMRs in use today potentially vulnerable.

Conference Proceedings

Adobe PDF


Page 45


YearDate

Accessed

2007 N/A N/A

Schiff, Anshel, J., Ed. 1998 National Science Foundation N/A

Seeger, Matthew, W. 2006 Communication Taylor and Francis N/A N/A

2016 Lessons Learned Uptime Institute N/A Website

Rowland, Jennifer L., Glen W. White, Michael H. Fox, Cathering Rooney


Emergency Response Training Practices for People With DisabilitiesAnalysis of Some Current Practices and Recommendations for Future Training Programs

Each year thousands of people are potentially affected by the types of emergency preparedness and response training plans practiced in their communities. Between 1998 and 2002, 3,000 counties in the United States declared disasters that have included floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, winter storms, thunderstorms, fires, ice storms, and earthquakes. Emergency preparedness for all people, including people with disabilities, may involve natural disasters that are the most likely to occur. For example, worldwide, nearly 3 million people have died in the past 20 years from natural disasters. More recently, Hurricane Katrina lashed the Gulf Coast in 2005. Disasters with casualties emphasize the urgent need for emergency workers to receive specialized training to assist people with disabilities during emergencies. As a framework for analyzing some current emergency training practices, we explore the scope of emergency personnel training practices to assist people with mobility impairments in 3 rural and 3 urban locations in Northeast Kansas. Among the analyses, we consider barriers and facilitators to specialized training as identified by emergency services administrators and firefighters within these areas. We also discuss broader recommendations upon which to base future training programs.

Hamill Institute on Disabilities (?)

Journal Article

Adobe PDF


The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989 - Lifelines

Compilation of articles by the USGS on how utilities and other "lifelines" reacted to and managed during the Loma Prieta earthquake. Relevant articles include: Water and wastewater systems, Water-distribution system, Water and wastewater-treatment plants, and Lessons learned by water and wastewater utilities.

United States Geological Survey (USGS)

USGS Professional Paper

Adobe PDF

Best Practices in Crisis Communication: An Expert Panel Process

The description of “best practices” is widely used to improve organizational and professional practice. This analysis describes best practices in crisis communication as a form of grounded theoretical approach for improving the effectiveness of crisis communication specifically within the context of large publicly-managed crises. The results of a panel of crisis communication experts are reviewed. Ten best practices for effective crisis communication, which were synthesized from this process, are presented and described.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Seidman, D. and V. Renaud

Lessons Learned from Superstorm Sandy: An Uptime Institute survey reveals that best practices and preparation pay dividends

Online article of the Uptime Institute that details lessons learned from Hurricane Sandy for a variety of sectors.

January 26, 2016

Online articles


Page 46


YearDate

Accessed


2008 Communication ACM N/A N/A

2008 Security Springer US N/A N/A

2014 N/A

Selcuk-Kestel, S., H. Duzgun, L. Oduncuoglu


A GIS-based software for lifeline reliability analysis under seismic hazard

Lifelines are vital networks, and it is important that those networks are still functional after major natural disasters such as earthquakes. Assessing reliability of lifelines requires spatial analysis of lifelines with respect to a given earthquake hazard map. In this paper, a GIS-based software for the spatial assessment of lifeline reliability which is developed by using GeoTools environment is presented. The developed GIS-based software imports seismic hazard and lifeline network layers and then creates a gridded network structure. Finally, it adopts a network reliability algorithm to calculate the upper and lower bounds for system reliability of the lifeline under seismic hazard. The software enables user visualizing the reliability values in graphical form as well as thematic lifeline reliability map with colors indicating reliability level along with the link and the overall network. It also provides functions for saving the analysis results in shape file format. The software is tested and validated for an application taken from literature which is a part of water distribution system of Bursa in Turkey. The developed GIS-based software module that creates GIS-based reliability map of the lifelines under seismic hazard is user friendly, modifiable, fast in execution time, illustrative and validated for the existing literature studies.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Shklovski, Irina, Leysia Palen, and Jeannette Sutton.

Finding community through information and communication technology in disaster response

Disasters affect not only the welfare of individuals and family groups, but also the well-being of communities, and can serve as a catalyst for innovative uses of information and communication technology (ICT). In this paper, we present evidence of ICT use for re-orientation toward the community and for the production of public goods in the form of information dissemination during disasters. Results from this study of information seeking practices by members of the public during the October 2007 Southern California wildfires suggest that ICT use provides a means for communicating community-relevant information especially when members become geographically dispersed, leveraging and even building community resources in the process. In the presence of pervasive ICT, people are developing new practices for emergency response by using ICT to address problems that arise from information dearth and geographical dispersion. In doing so, they find community by reconnecting with others who share their concern for the locale threatened by the hazard.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Slay, Jill and Michael Miller

Lessons Learned from the Maroochy Water Breach

Book chapter that examines the response to and lessons learned from the 2000 SCADA security incident at Maroochy Water Services in Queensland, Australia.

Book Chapter

Adobe PDF

Stanford, Benjamin, D., Benjamen Wright, Jan C. Routt, Jean F. Debroux, and Stuart J. Khan


Water Quality Impacts of Extreme Weather-Related Events

Report, tool, and case studies that identify and characterize water quality impacts, ranging through all levels of conveyance and treatment from source to tap, of extreme weather-related events.


Multiple research partners and participants listed

White Paper, Case Studies, and Tool

Adobe PDF and Excel


Page 47


YearDate

Accessed

States, Stanley 2010 N/A N/A Book Book

Stratus Consulting 2011 Case Study Stratus Consulting, Inc. N/A N/A White Paper

Sydney Water 2009 Training Sydney Water N/A N/A

2012 Wiley N/A N/A


Security and Emergency Planning for Water and Wastewater Utilities

A practical reference on security and emergency preparedness, planning, and implementation for water or wastewater utility managers and operators.


Multi-agency Response to a Major Water Pipe Break: A Massachusetts Case Study and Evaluation, Final Report

This case study presents an example of the drinking water emergency response processand analyzes the challenges, successes, and lessons learned related to this process. It identifies areas that MWRA and the other state and local responders conducted successfully as well as areas where the responders encountered challenges. The purpose of this report is to present a case study that provides an opportunity for drinking water and wastewater utilities to betterunderstand how to achieve a successful response to a significant emergency event.

Adobe PDF

Manage a Multi Team Response - Workbook and Competencies

This training, provided by Sydney Water's Emergency Management and Security Unit, is intended for incident controllers (incident management personnel). Sydney Water uses this training to provide its staff with the appropriate skills and knowledge to manage a multi-team response. Also attached are the competencies that staff must demonstrate before they can be assessed as being competent to undertake the role of an Incident Controller. WaterISAC notes that: The attached documents are for information only. U.S utilities should not use the attached documents in place of the Incident Command System (ICS).

Workbook/Training Manual

Adobe PDF

Tatham, P., R. Oloruntoba, K. Spens


Cyclone preparedness and response: an analysis of lessons identified using an adapted military planning framework

The United Kingdom uses the Defence Lines of Development (DLOD) framework to analyse and understand the key components and costs of a military capability. Rooted in the Resource Based View (RBV) of a firm, an adapted DLOD approach is employed to explore, analyse and discuss the preparedness, planning and response strategies of two markedly different countries (Australia and Bangladesh) when faced with a major cyclone event of a comparable size. Given the numerous similarities in the challenges facing military forces in a complex emergency and humanitarian agencies in a natural disaster, the paper demonstrates the applicability of the DLOD framework as an analysis and planning tool in the cyclone preparedness planning and response phases, and more broadly within the disaster management area. In addition, the paper highlights the benefit to disaster managers, policymakers and researchers of exploiting comparative cross-learning opportunities from disaster events, drawn from different sectors and countries.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF


Page 48


YearDate

Accessed


2011 Security Palgrave Macmillan N/A N/A

2012 Resiliency Elsevier N/A N/A

2012 UKHPA N/A N/A White Paper

2016 Funding N/A Website Website

Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health


Partnering to Achieve Rural Emergency Preparedness: A Workbook for Healthcare Providers in Rural Communities

This workbook is a practical guide created to assist Rural Health Clinics and Community Health Centers, Migrant Health Centers and hospitals in rural areas that have limited healthcare resources, in preparing for and responding to emergency incidents. Because rural areas are likely to have fewer resources, rural healthcare providers and organizations are critical assets to their communities in emergencies, whether the emergencies occur within the healthcare facility, within the community or outside of the community. A particular emphasis is placed on collaborating with partners and integrating plans in this workbook, as prevention, planning, response and recovery efforts cannot take place in a vacuum.

Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Rural Public Health

USA Center for Rural Public Health Preparedness

Adobe PDF

Tularam, Gurudeo A. and Mark Properjohn

An investigation into modern water distribution network security: Risk and implications

This article reviews the characteristics of water supply systems and design traits that make them susceptible. Risk analysis methodologies to assess the vulnerability are outlined, along with possible countermeasures that may minimise threats.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Turner, Jonathan P., Jianhong Qiao, Mark Lawley, Jean-Philippe Richard, and Dulcy M. Abraham

Mitigating shortage and distribution costs in damaged water networks

This research develops methods for configuring the undamaged portion of the water network to mitigate the consequences of physical destruction. The approach is to find a hydraulically feasible residual network that can be pressurized to meet the demand of a subset of demand sectors.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

UKHPA (United Kingdom Health Protection Agency)


UK Recovery Handbook for Chemical Incidents

In May 2012, the UK Health Protection Agency released a new publication titled Recovery Handbook for Chemical Incidents, which serves as a guidance document specifically designed to aid decisions in managing the recovery phase of a chemical incident where contamination has affected food production systems, inhabited areas and water environments (including drinking water sources). Developed through collaboration with public and private partners, the document is intended to reduce or eliminate exposure and subsequent public health risks associated with a contamination incident.

Adobe PDF

UNC Environmental Finance Center

Capital Planning Resources for Water and Wastewater Utilities

This project, part of the NC Water System Capacity Development Support project funded by the Public Water Supply Section of NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (link is external), brings together many resources focused on capital planning for drinking water and wastewater utilities. Capital planning often leads to the creation of a Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) and/or an Asset Management Plan.

UNC (Univ. of North Carolina) Environmental Finance Center

January 6, 2016


Page 49


YearDate

Accessed

2016 Transport Canada N/A


USDA 2016 USDA N/A Website Website

unknown N/A N/A White Paper

unknown-2 Power Sources N/A N/A White Paper

US Department of Transportation


2016 Emergency Response Guidebook, A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Transportation Incident

While some might think that this tool is just for use by emergency responders, they are mistaken. The ERG not only is useful to firefighters, police officers and EMS professionals, but to many others in a variety of industries. The ERG is a great tool for pre-planning responses to the hazards associated with the materials we work with on a daily basis. The ERG is a tool for identifying the hazards and providing critical information on first aid, fire extinguishment and evacuation distances to protect ourselves, our workers and the community that surrounds our workplace.

USDOT (United States Department of Transportation) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF

US Fire Administration


Operational Lessons Learned in Disaster Response

This report follows extensive research by the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) of after action reviews from major disasters of the past decade into lessons learned. The disasters studied were weather-related events that required responding firefighters to assume duties for which they were unprepared or for situations they never anticipated.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), U.S. Fire Administration

Adobe PDF


Emergency Preparedness and Response

USDA works closely with agencies across the Federal Government to prepare for and respond to emergencies, hazards, outbreaks or other incidents. This page provides a collection of information, tools and resources to help individuals, families, small businesses and communities during emergencies.

January 26, 2016

VDH (Virginia Department of Health)


15 Easy Ways to Make Your Utility Better Prepared for Emergencies

The Virginia Department of Health sponsored a regional tabletop exercise series designed to bring together water and wastewater utilities with local first responders. At the exercises, participants discussed their actions, roles, and responsibilities to a simulated hazardous material spill. Based on these discussions, the following is a list of fast, easy, and free or inexpensive steps you can take to increase emergency preparedness at your utility.


Adobe PDF


What you need to know about generators. Is your waterworks prepared?

The Virginia Office of Drinking Water released a guidance document includes tips on identifying backup power needs; what to consider when deciding to purchase, rent, borrow, or share; and helpful operating and maintaining generator recommendations. The document also includes a pull-out and easy-to-copy form to determine and document emergency generator information.


Adobe PDF


Page 50


YearDate

Accessed

2012 Victorian Government N/A N/A White Paper

Vogel, Jason M. 2015 Stratus Consulting N/A White Paper

2011 N/A N/A


2008 N/A N/A

Victorian Government


A Roadmap for Victorian Critical Infrastructure Resilience

The Roadmap for Victorian Critical Infrastructure Resilience, released by the government in Victoria, Australia in December 2012, was the result of collaboration between public and private partners.

The document outlines the directions for reform of Victoria’s emergency management arrangements for critical infrastructure which, in the context of critical infrastructure, means integrating resilience into the design of infrastructure to ensure it is maintained, sustainable and operable before, during and after a disaster.

The report was provided to WaterISAC by the Water Services Sector Group of the Trusted Information Sharing Network for Critical Infrastructure Resilience

Adobe PDF


Actionable Science in Practice: Co-producing Climate Change Information for Water Utility Vulnerability Assessments: Final Report of the Piloting Utility Modeling Applications (PUMA) Project

This report documents a collaborative Water Utility Climate Alliance effort, the Piloting Utility Modeling Applications (PUMA) project. The PUMA project was an effort to produce actionable science through close collaboration between climate experts and utility personnel to meet the needs of four water utilities. Instead of asking climate experts what they thought utilities should do regarding climate change, four WUCA utilities agreed to forge partnerships with scientific institutions to explore how to integrate climate considerations into their specific management context.

Joel B. Smith, Stratus ConsultingMegan O’Grady, Stratus Consulting Paul Fleming, Seattle Public UtilitiesKavita Heyn, Portland Water BureauAlison Adams, Tampa Bay WaterDon Pierson, New York City Department of Environmental ProtectionKeely Brooks, Southern Nevada Water AuthorityDavid Behar, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission

Adobe PDF

Vogel, Jason, Joel Smith, Viktoria Zoltay, Debra Kemp, and Thomas Johnson


Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: Four Case Studies of Water Utility Practices

This report presents case studies describing the approaches taken by four water utilities inthe United States to assess their vulnerability to climate change. The purpose of this report is to illustrate a range of approaches that selected water utilities have taken to understand and respond to climate risk.


White Paper, Case Studies

Adobe PDF

VT Drinking Water and Groundwater Protection Division


Emergency Preparedness and Security for Public Water Systems

Vermont State site that provides resources for water utilities on emergency planning, mutual aid, security and funding assistance.

VT Drinking Water and Groundwater Protection Division

January 28, 2016

Wallis, Michael, J., Michael R. Ambrose, and Clifford C. Chan


Climate Change: Charting a Water Course in an Uncertain Future

The findings of a comprehensive case study, conducted by the East Bay Municipal Utility District in California on strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate changes, are presented in this article. Water utilities must include climate change in water supply availability and resource planning and can use this case study as a framework. The information presented in this article is applicable to long-term water supply planning and can assist with decision-making.


Journal Article

Adobe PDF


Page 51


YearDate

Accessed

WaterISAC 2015b Security WaterISAC N/A N/A White Paper

WaterISAC 2015 WaterISAC N/A Website Website

2006 Wiley N/A N/A


2013 ? N/A N/A Case Studies

Threat Analysis for the Water SectorJanuary – June 2015

WaterISAC’s analysis of threats for the first half of 2015 is now available. The findings in this report were based on inputs provided from members in response to a survey, which asked members a series of questions to understand the types of incidents that had occurred at facilities as well as members' greatest threats and security needs. The analysis was augmented by member incident reports, open source information, intelligence from federal, state, and local governments and law enforcement agencies, other information sharing and analysis centers, and private security firms.

Adobe PDF

Water Sector Resource Organization

WaterISAC: Water Security Network

The Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center (WaterISAC) was authorized by Congress in 2002 and created and managed by the water sector. Its mission is to keep drinking water and wastewater utility managers informed about potential threat and risks to the nation's water infrastructure from all hazards, such as intentional contamination, terrorism and cyber crime, and to provide knowledge about response, mitigation and resilience.

December 17, 2015

Waugh, W. and G. Streib


Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management

Collaboration is a necessary foundation for dealing with both natural and technological hazards and disasters and the consequences of terrorism. This analysis describes the structure of the American emergency management system, the charts development of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and identifies conflicts arising from the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the attempt to impose a command and control system on a very collaborative organizational culture in a very collaborative sociopolitical and legal context. The importance of collaboration is stressed, and recommendations are offered on how to improve the amount and value of collaborative activities. New leadership strategies are recommended that derive their power from effective strategies and the transformational power of a compelling vision, rather than from hierarchy, rank, or standard operating procedures.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

WERF (Water Environment Research Foundation)


Water/Wastewater Utilities and Extreme Climate and Weather Events: Case studies on community response, lessons learned, adaptation, and planning needs for the future

This project consisted of a series of workshops that (1) examined the actions taken by water and wastewater utility practitioners who faced a recent extreme weather and climate-related event and documented their planning and response; (2) determined and recorded lessons learned; (3) documented and analyzed the decision process, including decision makers, organizations involved, and data needed for making decisions when faced with an extreme event; and (4) summarized communication approaches used to inform the public.


Water Research Foundation, EPA, NOAA, Concurrent Technologies Corporation, Noblis

Adobe PDF

WERF, WRF, NOAA, EPA, CTC, Noblis


Responding to Extreme Weather and Climate EventsAdaptation Strategies and Information Needs

Report that documents case studies of extreme weather events impacting drinking water and wastewater systems. Case studies from: DC, CA, GA, VA, KS/MO, and TX. Also provides tools and links for planning and responding to extreme events.

Adobe PDF


Page 52


YearDate

Accessed

White, Connie 2011 Communication CRC Press N/A N/A Book

2009 Technology N/A N/A

Winerman, Lisa 2009 Technology Macmillan Publishers N/A N/A

Wisniewski, Lauren 2013 Power Sources EPA PowerPoint presentation on enhancing power resiliency at water utilities. EPA N/A N/A

2015 Communication DHS N/A N/A White Paper

Social Media, Crisis Communication, and Emergency Management: Leveraging Web 2.0 Technologies

Resource that teaches emergency management professionals how to use social media to improve emergency planning, preparedness, and response capabilities. It provides a set of guidelines and safe practices for using social media effectively across a range of emergency management applications.

Book, E-Book

White, Connie, Linda Plotnick, Jane Kushma, Starr Roxanne and Murray Turoff

An online social network for emergency management

We propose to investigate whether the social networkparadigm can be used to enable individuals and organisations to collaborate in mutually beneficial ways, in all stages of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency management students were surveyed to examine the concept of social networks and their acceptance as a potential tool. The results of this exploratory research show overwhelming agreement that SNSs should be considered a viable solution to the problems plaguing information dissemination and communications in the emergency domain.

Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Social networking: crisis communication

Messages appear on Internet-based social networks within minutes of disasters occurring. Lea Winerman investigates how to harness this trend to create official community-response grids.

Journal Article

Adobe PDF

Increasing Power Resiliency at Water Utilities: Best Practices and Lessons Learned

PowerPoint Presentation

Adobe PDF

Wood, M. H. Bean, B. Liu, and M. Boyd

COMPREHENSIVE TESTING OF IMMINENT THREAT PUBLIC MESSAGES FOR MOBILE DEVICES: FINAL REPORT

According to a new study by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), emergency text alerts with 280 characters, instead of the current 90, are more effective at informing citizens and promoting public safety. In 280-character Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) messages, more information about the hazard, the recommended protective actions, and the time until impact was included. “Messages with 280 characters appear superior to 90- and 140-character messages in terms of participants’ stated understanding, belief, personalization, and intention to comply with protective-action guidance,” said START’s Dr. Brooke Fisher Liu. “We’re closer to finding the balance between communicating all needed information without overwhelming people with extraneous details.” Also playing a critical role is the order of the content. In current messages, content appears as follows: hazard, location, time, guidance, and source. Participants who received messages with the content in a new order – source, hazard, location, time, and guidance – had significantly higher levels of message understanding and belief that it pertained to them.

Adobe PDF


Page 53


YearDate

Accessed

2003 N/A N/A

WSDH (Washington State Department of Health)


Emergency Response Planning Guide for Public Drinking Water Systems

State of Washington resource guide for developing an emergency response plan for water systems. The purpose of this document is to make the job easier and help create a plan that works for your watersystem. The document is intended for use by any water system and may be modified to fit the specific needs of each system. Larger water systems should use it only as a starting point, because the complexity of larger systems requires more detail. Smaller water systems should consider each section and use what is relevant for the type, size, andcomplexity of the system. The document has two main parts with identical structure. Part 1 discusses important emergency response planning elements and provides instructions and examples to helpcomplete Part 2, which is a template for creating your own plan.

WSDH (Washington State Department of Health), Environmental Health Programs, Division of Drinking Water

Guidance Document

Adobe PDF


Page 54

Identifier Source

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N/A

N/A

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http://www.aapa-ports.org/Issues/IssueDetail.cfm?itemnumber=1161

http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1226736&picked=prox&cfid=747895253&cftoken=15724671

http://trajectorymagazine.com/civil/item/1805-defeating-disaster.html

http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1564&context=infopapers

https://www.waterisac.org/portal/overview-basic-cybersecurity-needs-lifeline-sectors-%E2%80%93-including-water-and-wastewater-sector

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N/A http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11707-011-0195-9

EPA 600-R-07-027

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EPA 817-F-12-006 http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/bridging_the_gap.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/communitywaterresilience/webinars-state-primacy-and-emergency-management-agencies-collaborating

EPA 817-B-12-002

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EPA 817-R-15-001

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EPA 817-F-13-005

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EPA 817-B-14-006

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EPA 817-R-10-002 http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/water_laboratory_alliance_response_plan.pdf

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EPA 817-F-15-007 http://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/tornado.pdf

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http://www.epa.gov/crwu/assess-water-utility-climate-risks-climate-resilience-evaluation-and-awareness-tool

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http://www.fema.gov/integrated-public-alert-warning-system

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1828-25045-0014/cpg_101_comprehensive_preparedness_guide_developing_and_maintaining_emergency_operations_plans_2010.pdf

http://www.fema.gov/mitigation-best-practices-portfolio


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FEMA FA-287

http://gacc.nifc.gov/gbcc/dispatch/ut-cdc/prevention/doc/fa-287-508.pdf

http://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1409865580490-e83e2d1b906d35cc766477cb9459ca0e/prepareathon_playbook_earthquakes_final_090414_508a.pdf

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1409003859391-0e8ad1ed42c129f11fbc23d008d1ee85/how_to_prepare_wildfire_033014_508.pdf

FEMA P-1019 https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1424214818421-60725708b37ee7c1dd72a8fc84a8e498/FEMAP-1019_Final_02-06-2015.pdf

http://www.fema.gov/community-emergency-response-teams

http://fema.ideascale.com/a/ideas/tag/campaign-filter/byids/campaigns/59545

http://www.fema.gov/recovery-lessons-learned-information-sharing

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1409003859391-0e8ad1ed42c129f11fbc23d008d1ee85/how_to_prepare_wildfire_033014_508.pdf

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1424214818421-60725708b37ee7c1dd72a8fc84a8e498/FEMAP-1019_Final_02-06-2015.pdf

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http://www.flawarn.org/resources/uploads/public/Documents/BMPs.pdf

http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wastewater/docs/hurricane_preparedness.pdf

http://www.waterworld.com/articles/2014/11/virtual-reality-oculus-headset-helps-self-sufficient-wwtp-save-2m-in-design-costs.html

http://www.domesticpreparedness.com/Industry/Case_Study/Ignoring_Spontaneous_Volunteers_-_Not_an_Option/

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http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wastewater/docs/hurricane_preparedness.pdf


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Doc # EMEA40157816 http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=EMEA40157816

http://twri.tamu.edu/newsletters/texaswaterresources/twr-v27n2.pdf

JAW_0058670 http://www.awwa.org/publications/journal-awwa/abstract/articleid/14885.aspx

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https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/aemrc/booksdownload/emoutline/

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WERF Project Number 04-CTS-12S https://www.werf.org/a/ka/Search/ResearchProfile.aspx?ReportId=04-CTS-12S

https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/1520/3/Water_safety_initiatives-utility_risk_management-2006.pdf


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http://www.gwu.edu/~icdrm/index.html

http://www.deq.idaho.gov/emergency-preparedness-for-public-water-systems

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Subject ItemsAsset Management 3Case Study 2Communication 18Contamination/ Water Treatment 6Economic and Public Health Impacts 3Emergency Planning/Preparedness 58Extreme Weather/Climate Change 16Funding 6Geographic Information Systems 10Health and Safety 3Laboratory Network 2Lessons Learned 7Natural Hazards 17Power Sources 7Resiliency 9Risk Management 5Security 23Sustainability 1Technology 16Training 5Vulnerability Assessment 2WARN 3Water Sector Resource Organization 2