XJ Hydrology

7/30/2019 XJ Hydrology

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April 27, 2003

Jingfeng Xin

ESA-NRSCC Dragon Cooperation Programme

Hydrological Model Parameterization

Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote Sensing Technology Application CenterMinistry of Water Resources, China


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IIntroductionntroduction

SStudy Areatudy Area

RRemote Sensing Dataemote Sensing Data

GGround Dataround Data

HHydrologic Model Parameterisationydrologic Model Parameterisation

HHydrologic Modelling in GIS Environmentydrologic Modelling in GIS Environment

AApplicationpplication

CONTENT


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! In China, spatial and temporal distribution ofwater resources is imbalanced. Drought andflood occur frequently and cause huge

damage and great losses.! Water pollution has been a major problem in

China. This environmental issue is highly

stressed in the country today.

INTRODUCTION


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Drought

Introduction


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IntroductionIntroduction

Dust storm

Desertification


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Flood


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Soil Erosion

Vegetation decreaseGrassland Degradation


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Water Pollution

C


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Water Condit ion Zonesin China

rid -----------Humid


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Remote sensing technology is a usefultool to rapidly acquire land surface

information in large scale



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nRemote sensing can provide Earths surface

information in large area and temporal periodwith different scales, the derived data can be

used as input data for the hydrological model.

n Hydrological model is a good tool for

understanding and managing phenomena related

to hydrological processesn GIS provide a Platform for Simulation of

Hydrological Model.



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Objectives

! Study of water resources in China with Hydrologicalmodels using satellite data as input data.

! Develop and assess the use of remote sensingmethodologies, in combination with in situ data, fordriving a hydrologic model at basin scale.

! Assess the feasibility of using a hydrologic model witha combination of remote sensing forcing and statevariable updating for water management applicationsin basin scale.

! Develop and test an approach for updating predictedhydrologic state variables.


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Research Tasks

! Acquisition and organization of all in situ, ancillary and

remotely sensed data needed to develop, test and drive thehydrologic and remote sensing models

! Development and testing of remote sensing algorithms and

generation of environmental forcing fields needed to drive thehydrologic model

! Assess model performance using in situ and remotely sensed

data! Modeling of water balance with the selected model for the

selected study areas using a combination of ground and

remotely sensed observations! Develop and evaluate a modeling strategy for hydrologic

forecasting applications

! Develop a consistent evaluation strategy to test the sensitivityof model-predicted fluxes and state variables


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STUDY AREA


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Chinese Dragon test sites

Beijing

Shanghai

NanjingHUAI River

MIYUN Reservoir

MIN River Fuzhou


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Flood in HUAI River


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REMOTE SENSING

DATA


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Remote Sensing Data! The Hydrological models require a very large

amount of spatial data, some can be extracted

from RS:! DEM (watershed geometry, drainage network)

! Land Cover/Land Use

! Rainfall! Land Surface Temperature

! Soil Properties

! LAI

! Evapotranspiration

! Outcrop geological map


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RS Data

! ENVI SAT

! ASAR

! MERI S

! ERS ATSR

! NOAA

! FY1, 2! SPOT

! LANDSAT

! VEGETATION! MODIS

! AIRBORNE SAR

ASAR HR d MERIS FR d t i iti i l ti


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Increased use of Artemis foreseen in Spring 2004 (substituting Svalbard),

essentially improving the western part of the above visibility

ASAR HR and MERIS FR data acquisition in real time

to ESRIN using Artemis: status on January 2004

No constraint for simultaneous transmission of ASAR HR and MERIS FRWarning: the yellow area shows the ENVISAT orbit sub-satellite tracks (not the

instrument swaths) for which a transmission with Artemis is possible

Real Time

acquisition

via Artemis


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DRAGON ESA DATA for HYDROLOGY

! ENVISAT ASAR! Precision Image Products, (30 m ; 56-100*100km)

! ASA_IMP_1P 30 images

! ASA_APP_1P 30 images! ASA_IMS_1P Complex mode 20 images

! Medium Resolution Products (150m, 100km*100-4000km)

! ASA_IMM_1P 20 images

! ASA_APM_1P 20 images

! Wide Swath Medium-resolution Image (150m 400*400 km)

! ASA_WSM_1P 30 images

! Global Monitoring Mode Image Product (1 km 400*4000 km)

! ASA_GM1_1P 30 images

Archive data, May to September, 2002-2003


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DRAGON ESA DATA for HYDROLOGY

! MERIS data! MER_FR__2P: Full resolution

! 582 km 650 km level 2 30 images

! 300 km 334 km level 2 30 images

! ERS-1/2 / AMI (SAR) Image Mode

! SLCI (Single Look Complex Image) 20 images

! PRI (Precision Image) 20 images


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GROUND DATA


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Ground Data! Land based measurements are also

necessary for the hydrological models:! river discharge

! Rainfall

! Temperature! aquifer head data

! aquifer and river water quality data

! aquifer properties

! Soil data (layer depth, bulk density, porosity, fieldcapacity, saturated conductivity)


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HydrologicalObservation

Station


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Sampling


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Meteorological Data


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HYDROLOGICALMODEL

PARAMETERISATION


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HYDROLOGICAL MODEL

! MODCOU developed in France! XAJ developed in China

! SWAT developed in US

! SWIM developed in Germany

!V2 developed in China

! WATFLOOD developed in Canada


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The components of the hydrological model:Input moduleUnit hydrology model

River routing model

! Watershed Discretization: (grid, hill slope,

sub watershed)! runoff coefficients: defined by delineated

land use classes and soil properties.


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MODEL PARAMETERISATION

! In order to calibrate hydrologic model in the testsites, it was necessary to first account for soil,vegetation and topographic variability.

!

Digital elevation models (DEMs) will be generatedfrom INSAR data.

! Land Cover/Land Use will be delineated from ASARand MERIS data.

! Distribution of soil porosity and saturated conductivitywill be interpolated from sampled data.


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MODEL PARAMETERISATION

! Precipitation

! Land Surface Temperature

! Radiation! Evapotranspiration

! Soil: (Soil Moisture)

!Vegetation: (LAI, Land Cover/Land use)


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HYDROLOGIC MODELLING

IN GIS ENVINRONMENT


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GIS Tool

! GIS provide a Platform for Simulation ofHydrological Model.

! GIS is a tool of Hydrological spatialinformation management.

! GIS is used to extract information and

Compute Streamflow.! GIS can perform Spatial Analysis.

Ant icipated Result s


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Ant icipated Result s

! A calibrated hydrological model representing a large basin.! Develop and assess the use of remote sensing

methodologies, in combination with in situ data, for driving

a hydrologic model at basin scale.! A new methodology for processing satellite images for

providing the necessary input for such models.

! A demonstration of the utility of ENVISAT remote sensingdata for routine water resources management application

! Predictive simulations will be performed to test different

management practices to better exploit the resources orimprove the water quality.


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APPLICATION

Application


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Land use mapping


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Soil Moisture


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Evapotranspiration

D ht M it i


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Drought Monitoring

Application


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Application

! Water Resources Assessment

! Estimation of hydrological effects resulting from

changes in the physical characteristics of a basin! Real time forecast of river flows using meteorological

forecasts

! Estimation of probable maximum floods from rain! Assessment of groundwater recharge.

! Assessment of water quality.

THANK YOU


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THANK YOU

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