Upload
kelli
View
50
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
What’s Road Safety Got to Do With It? The Intersection of Road Safety with Public Health and Development in the Context of HIV/AIDS. XIX International AIDS Conference Washington, DC - July 19, 2012 T. Bella Dinh-Zarr, PhD, MPH North American Director, Road Safety Fund - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
XIX International AIDS ConferenceWashington, DC - July 19, 2012
T. Bella Dinh-Zarr, PhD, MPHNorth American Director, Road Safety Fund
Road Safety Director, FIA Foundation
What’s Road Safety Got to Do With It?The Intersection of Road Safety with Public Health
and Development in the Context of HIV/AIDS
The FIA Foundation is an independent philanthropy which funds activities and works with governments and organizations to prevent road traffic injuries and deaths. The Foundation initiated the Make Roads Safe Campaign, an international advocacy campaign which led to the UN declaring a Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020. The Foundation, pro bono, manages The Road Safety Fund, with the World Health Organization (WHO).
FIA Foundation
Traffic deaths and injuries: a worldwide epidemic
2004 2030
Dangerous overtaking – predictions of global mortality
Source: WHO Global Burden of Disease 2008
G20 countries - road traffic death rates – a concern for everyone
WHO Global Status Report, 2009
Road traffic deaths: 1.3 M per year
1
2
3
Road traffic WHO 2004
1.3
MalariaWHO 2008
<1
TuberculosisWHO 2007
1.8
AIDS-related deathsUNAIDS 2008
Mill
ion
peop
le
1.3
1.3 million deaths 20-50 million injured
The Potential of a Decade of Action for Road Safety
Guria, J. for CGRS, 2009
1.3 million deaths a year
Launching the Decade of Action
Saul Billingsley, Deputy Director, FIA Foundation
Policy Forum, Como, 17th May 2010
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 2nd March 2010:
“Proclaims the period 2011-2020 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety, with a goal to stabilize and then reduce
the forecast level of road traffic fatalities around the world”
“It is totally unacceptable that more than one million people die on the roads and more than fifty million are injured. The human costs are profound. Through the United Nations Decade of Action for Road Safety, I sincerely hope that we can save human lives.”
- Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General
DECADE ACTION PLAN
Five pillars for a Safe Systems approach
Build Capacity
Safer User behavior
SaferRoads & Mobility
Safer Vehicles
Post-crash response
www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/
“Best buys” in road safety
Speed reduction Seat-belts Child-restraints Helmets Drinking and driving
Low cost engineering measures Safer vehicles Pre-hospital and Trauma care
LawsEnforcement
StandardsBehavior
Good Practice Manuals
Road Traffic Injuries1.3 Million Deaths Per Year – and rising.
Loss of 2-3% of a country’s GDP.
Like HIV/AIDS:A Public Health IssueA Medical IssueA Development IssueA Human Rights Issue
Also, A Transportation Issue
Other Intersections of RTI and AIDS/HIV• Safe road infrastructure also helps people travel
to receive preventive and lifesaving medical treatment more safely and efficiently.
• Safe roads increase the ability for women and girls to go to work and school, lessening their risk of becoming infected with HIV/AIDS.
• It is important to minimize the risk of injuries because people with HIV/AIDS are more vulnerable.
• AIDS and RTI interventions (alcohol, speed, safe driving practices, etc.) could be delivered together in commercial driver training.
Theoretical BasisPaucity of behavioral theories and models pertaining to injury, but Fishbein’s Framework applies to both HIV/AIDS and injury prevention.
Fishbein’s Unified Framework Based on 5 Theories• Health Belief Model• Social Cognitive Theory• Theory of Reasoned Action• Theory of Self-Regulation and Self-Control• Theory of Subjective Culture and Interpersonal
Relationships
8 Factors that Account for Variation in Health Behaviors
• Intentions• Environmental Barriers• Skills• Outcome expectations or attitude• Social Norms• Self-Standards• Emotional Reactions• Self-Efficacy
✔
✔
✔
Necessary & Sufficient
Fishbein’s Unified Framework (Action)
Fishbein et al. Factors influencing behavior and behavior change. In: Baum A, Tevenson TA, Singer JE (eds.). Handbook of Health Psychology, 2001.
1. The person forms a strong positive intention or makes a commitment to perform a behavior.
2. There are no environmental barriers that make it impossible to perform the behavior.
3. The person possesses the skills necessary to perform the behavior.
4. The person believes that the advantages of performing the behavior outweigh the disadvantages.
5. The person perceives more formative pressure to perform the behavior than to not perform it.
6. The person perceives that performance of the behavior is consistent with his or her self image or values.
7. The person’s emotional reaction to performing the behavior is more positive than negative.
8. The person perceives that he or she has the capabilities to perform the behavior under different circumstances.
Helmets = Vaccines against head injury
Global Helmet Vaccine Initiative (helmetvaccine.org)In Vietnam, the motorbike is the “family car.”
Motorcycle Helmets in Vietnam
Intentions (commitment to wearing)+
Environmental Barriers (low cost or free tropical-weight safe helmets)
+Skills
(training to wear helmet correctly)+
Modifying/Strengthening Variables (laws)=
High Probability of Helmet Wearing =
Fewer Deaths and Injuries
Motorcycle safety campaigns in Vietnam HELMETVACCINE.ORG- Low-cost tropical weight helmets manufactured and disseminated
in Vietnam; school-based traffic safety education- Helmet laws increased use from 10% to 90%; 12% reduction in
deaths and 24% reduction in injuries ($200M saved in first year by Vietnamese government in health care cost, lost income, etc.)
School Area Road Assessment and Implementation (SARSAI) – AMEND.ORGRoad safety education & light Infrastructure improvements (crossings, speed bumps)
School Area Road Safety Assessment and Implementation (SARSAI) in TanzaniaIntentions (commitment to getting children to school safely)
+Environmental Barriers (infrastructure improvements such as
speed bumps, safe crossings)+
Skills (road safety education for students, parents, teachers)+
Modifying/Strengthening Variables=
High Probability of using safe paths to travel to school = Fewer deaths and injuries
"Tunataka Tuta”= “We want bumps" in Swahili.
School Area Road Assessment and Implementation (SARSAI) – AMEND.ORGRoad safety education & light Infrastructure improvements (crossings, speed bumps)
Fishbein’s Unified Framework (Action)
Fishbein et al. Factors influencing behavior and behavior change. In: Baum A, Tevenson TA, Singer JE (eds.). Handbook of Health Psychology, 2001.
1. The person forms a strong positive intention or makes a commitment to perform a behavior.
2. There are no environmental barriers that make it impossible to perform the behavior.
3. The person possesses the skills necessary to perform the behavior.
4. The person believes that the advantages of performing the behavior outweigh the disadvantages.
5. The person perceives more formative pressure to perform the behavior than to not perform it.
6. The person perceives that performance of the behavior is consistent with his or her self image or values.
7. The person’s emotional reaction to performing the behavior is more positive than negative.
8. The person perceives that he or she has the capabilities to perform the behavior under different circumstances.
The Decade Tag: the new global symbol for road safety
Bob GeldofPresident Clinton & Mayor Bloomberg Aung San Suu Kyi
Sam Dalembert
May 11, 2011Decade of Action
for Road Safety 2011-2020
launched in 110 countries
Sesame Street – Takalani Sesame – Sesame SquareAmbassadors
KAMI GROVERFirst HIV+ Muppet Road Safety Muppet
Zenani Campaign - Mandela Foundation
• Managed pro bono by FIA Foundation – UK registered, self financed philanthropy – and World Health Organization (WHO)
• 100% of donations go to safety projects (no management fees - FIA Foundation is also a donor).
www.roadsafetyfund.org
If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.
THANK YOU
Bella Dinh-Zarr, PhD, MPH
FIA Foundation
Road Safety Fund
(202) 701-5656
www.decadeofaction.org