Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
XIII
INDEX OF SUBJECTS
Abdomen:Posture of, during flight steering in locusts
(BAADER) 151, 109
Abdominal ganglion:Of the cockroach, oscillations of glial
membrane potential (SCHOFIELD) 148,335
Abdominal posture:Control of, in a crayfish (TOGA, TAKAHATA
AND HIS ADA) 148, 477Control of, in the crayfish (MURCHISON AND
LARIMER) 150, 269
Absorption:Of water vapour, by isopods (WRIGHT AND
MACHIN) 154, 13
Acanthephyra acutifrons:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Acanthephyra curtirostris:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Acanthephyra smithi:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Acceleration:In trout and pike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150,
321Accelerometry:
Used to measure fast-starts in trout andpike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150, 321
Acclimation:To temperature, effect on fish heart
muscle (BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239
To temperature, effect on carp nerve(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK AND
MACDONALD) 154, 305
Acetazolamide:Effect on sodium uptake by crab gill
(BURNETT AND TOWLE) 149, 293
Acetylcholine:Effect on mollusc proboscis muscle
(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)
149, 379Receptor in a cockroach motor neurone
(DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21
Role in the control of perfusion of frogskin (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425
Role in the C3 neurone of Helix (BEWICK,COTTRELL AND PRICE) 148, 201
Sensitivity of axotomized leech neurones(BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151, 423
Acetylcholine channel:In Ascaris suum (PENNINGTON AND MARTIN)
154, 201Acid:
Effect on Oreochromis mossambicus (VANWAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,
VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAAR
BONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 154 ,
223Acidification:
Of expired water in the trout (LIN ANDRANDALL) 149, 149
Acidosis:Ventilatory responses of trout (AOTA,
HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)
151, 57Acid-base balance:
In mantle of Anodonta cygnea (MACHADO,FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND FERNANDES) 1 5 0 ,159
In moulting crayfish (WHEATLY ANDIGNASZEWSKI) 151, 469
Acid-base status:Of an aestivating land snail (REES AND
HAND) 152, 77
Of trout red cells (WOOD, WALSH, THOMAS
AND PERRY) 154, 491
Acrididae:Evaporative cooling in grasshoppers
(PRANGE) 154, 463
Active transport:Across Manduca sexta midgut (DOW AND
O'DONNELL) 150, 247
Activity:Effect on crustacean synapse development
(ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105
Acute zones:In the crab visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573
Adhesive organ:Of an aphid (DIXON, CROGHAN AND
GOWING) 152, 243
Adrenaline:Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,
HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)
151, 57Adrenergic response:
Of trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)148, 303
Adrenergic stimulation:Of trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN
AND PAAJASTE) 154, 257
XIV Index of Subjects
Adrenoceptors:In the skin of the bullfrog (MALVIN AND
RIEDEL) 152, 425
Aerodynamics:Of bumblebee flight (DUDLEY AND
ELLINGTON) 148, 53
Of gliding flight in a hawk (TUCKER ANDHEINE) 149, 469
Aestivation:In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,
193In a land snail (REES AND HAND) 152, 77In a snail (WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321
Age:Effect on crustacean synapse development
(ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105
Agrin:Synthesis and transport (MAGILL-SOLC AND
MCMAHAN) 153, 1
Airflow:In the lungs of a chicken (BRACKENBURY
AND AMAKU)152, 93
Air-sac gas:Composition of, in penguins (JOHANNESEN
AND NICOL) 154, 397
Alanine:Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH,
WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475
Alkalization:By Manduca sexta midgut (DOW AND
O'DONNELL) 150, 247
Of eel intestine (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM)
150, 381Of the midgut lumen in Manduca sexta
(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467
Amiloride:Effect on sodium uptake by crab gill
(BURNETT AND TOWLE) 149, 293Amines:
Effect on Limulus cardiac ganglion(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313
Amino acid:Accumulation in embryonic skate heart
(GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150, 449In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Transport by starfish pyloric caeca
(AHEARN) 150, 453
Transport of, by insect midgut (SACCHI,GIORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI AND
HANOZET) 149, 207
Transport of, in hagfish red cells(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355
Ammonia:Excretion of, in a teleost adapted to an
extremely alkaline environment(WRIGHT, PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD ANDBERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361
Excretion of, in trout (LIN AND RANDALL)149, 149
Amphibian:Breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALIS AND
SHELTON) 154, 537
Rana catesbeiana, cutaneous gas exchange(PINDER AND FEDER) 154, 67
Anaesthesia:Intranasal, effect on homing pigeons
(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95
Analytical electron microscope:Used to study iron-rich teeth in
butterfiyfish (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,
WADE AND MANN) 151, 371
Anguilla japonica:Intestinal transport of bicarbonate (ANDO
AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381
Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSEAND YOUNG) 148, 367
Transport of water and ions across theintestine (ANDO) 150, 367
Anodonta cygnea:Acid-base balance in mantle (MACHADO,
FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND FERNANDES) 150 ,159
Anolis carolinensis:Nodal membrane currents (BENOIT) 151,
405Anoxia:
Effect on metabolism of a land snail(BROOKS AND STOREY) 151, 193
Effect on pyruvate kinase in a snail(WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321
In crucian carp (NILSSON) 150, 295Ant:
Camponotus detritus, discontinuousventilation (LIGHTON) 151, 71
Antarctic fish:Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle
(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205
Anterior pagoda cell:Effect of axotomy on acetylcholine
sensitivity (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,
423Aphid:
Mechanism of adhesion (DIXON, CROGHANAND GOWING) 152, 243
Aphis fabae:Mechanism of adhesion (DIXON, CROGHAN
AND GOWING) 152, 243
Index of Subjects xv
Apis mellifera:Responses of motion-sensitive
interneurones (IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN)
148, 255Apis mellifera ligustica:
A temperature-induced ventilation switch(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509
Aplysia californica:Synaptogenesis in culture (KLEINFELD,
PARSONS, RACCU1A-BEHL1NG, SALZBERG
AND OBAID) 154, 237
Apnoea:In hibernating bats (THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND
GAGNE) 149, 395
Appendage:Loss of, effect on moulting in firebrats
(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341
Armadillidium vulgare:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND
MACHIN) 154, 13
Stretch receptor organs (NIIDA, SADAKANEAND YAMAGUCHl) 149 , 515
Arousal:From hibernation and torpor in mammals
(GEISER AND BAUDINETTE) 151, 349
Artemia salina:Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity
(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279
Ascaris suum:Acetylcholine-activated ion channels
(PENNINGTON AND MARTIN) 1 5 4 , 2 0 1Aspartate:
In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,295
ATPase:Activity in heart muscle (MCKEAN) 149, 499
• Avoidance:Of luminescent flashes by a crab (GROBER)
148, 415, 427Axonal guidance:
In the development of the retinotectalsystem (MULLER, STAHL AND
BONHOEFFER) 153, 29
Axotomy:Effect on acetylcholine sensitivity in leech
neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,
423Regeneration after (AGUAYO, BRAY,
RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER AND
VIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199
Backbone:Mechanics of, in the blue marlin
(HEBRANK, HEBRANK, LONG, BLOCK ANDWAINWRIGHT) 148, 449
Backward walking:In a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY AND
EDWARDS) 152, 577
Balanus nubilus:Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM AND
STUART) 151, 83
Barnacle:Force maintenance in striated muscle
(iWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)148, 281
Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM ANDSTUART) 151, 83
Basking:In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31
Bat:Arrhythmic breathing during hibernation
(THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395
Intermittent gliding flight (THOMAS, JONES,RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149, 407
Resting ventilation rate (HAYS, WEBB,FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 1 5 0 , 443
BAY K 8644:Effect on calcium utilization in mollusc
muscle (BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD
AND HILL) 149, 379
Behaviour:Directional hearing in trout (SCHELLART
AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Edge fixation in walking flies (OSORIO,SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281
Escape reaction of soldier crabs (NALBACH)148, 483
Escape tailflip in a crayfish (BEALL,LANGLEY AND EDWARDS) 1 5 2 , 577
Evasive flight by a praying mantis (YAGER,MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND
MAY) 152, 41Flight steering in the locust (BAADER) 151,
109Of sea urchin flagella after changes in beat
frequency (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI,
YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONS AND
TAKAHASHl) 1 5 2 , 441
Prey capture in the praying mantis(CORRETTE) 148, 147
Bends:In the sea urchin flagella (ESHEL,
SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONSAND TAKAHASHl) 152 , 441
Bicarbonate:Effect of infusion on ion fluxes across
trout gills (GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521,549
Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367; (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381
XVI Index of Subjects
Binocular segregation:In the developing retinogeniculate
pathway (so, CAMPBELL AND LIEBERMAN)153, 85
Bioactivity:Of locust neuropeptides (ROBB AND EVANS)
149, 335Biomechanics:
Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35Bird:
Wing moment of inertia (KIRKPATRICK)151, 489
Wingbeat frequencies (PENNYCUICK) 150,171
Birgus latro:Fluid balance (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND
MORRIS) 152, 505Bivalve:
Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZAND BYRNE) 150, 395
Blaberus discoidalis:Mechanics of running (FULL AND TU) 148,
129Blood flow:
To the skin of the bullfrog (MALVIN ANDRIEDEL) 152, 425
Blood pressure:In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND
NILSSON) 151, 297Blood-brain barrier:
Current flow in the cockroach (SMITH ANDSHIPLEY) 154, 371
Oscillations of glial membrane potential(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335
Blowfly:Encoding properties of campaniform
sensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245Energy processing (HAINSWORTH, FISHER
AND PRECUP) 150, 257Blue marlin:
Backbone mechanics (HEBRANK, HEBRANK,LONG, BLOCK AND WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449
Body form:Effect on cost of locomotion (FULL,
ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 233Body mass:
And arousal from hibernation and torporin mammals (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)151, 349
Body turns:During escape by soldier crabs (NALBACH)
148, 483In walking crabs (PAUL, NALBACH AND
VARJU) 154, 81Bohr effect:
In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407
Boundary layer:Effect on cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER
AND FEDER) 154, 67
Breathing:Arrhythmic, in hibernating bats (THOMAS,
CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395
Control of, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148,1
Brine shrimp:Branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity
(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279
Bromodeoxyuridine:Used to stain the nervous system of the
opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKARAND SAUNDERS) 152, 1
Brush-border membrane vesicles:From insect midgut, transport of leucine
(SACCHI, GIORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI
AND HANOZET) 149, 207
From starfish pyloric caeca (AHEARN) 150,453
Buffering:Of locust haemolymph (HARRISON, WONG
AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573
Bufo marinus:Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND
STIFFLER) 148, 293
Effect of temperature on cardiac vagalaction (COURTICE) 149, 439
Bullfrog:Autonomic control of cutaneous vascular
resistance (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425
Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS ANDSTIFFLER) 148, 293
Cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER ANDFEDER) 154, 67
Bullrout:Muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM AND
JOHNSTON) 148, 395Bumblebee:
Flight kinematics (DUDLEY AND ELLINGTON)148, 19, 53
Busycon canaliculatum:Calcium utilization in proboscis muscle
(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)
149, 379Butterfly:
Flight morphometrics and kinematics(DUDLEY) 150, 35
Reflectance basking (HEINRICH) 154, 31Butterflyfish:
Iron-rich teeth (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,WADE AND MANN) 151, 371
Index of Subjects XVII
Calcium:Fluxes during moulting in crayfish
(WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl) 1 5 1 , 469
Utilization in mollusc proboscis muscle(BROOKS, HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL)149, 379
Calcium channel:At the frog neuromuscular junction (FENG
AND DAI) 153, 129In cultured leech Retzius cells (BOOKMAN
AND LIU) 149, 223In snail ventricle cells (BREZDEN AND
GARDNER) 150, 187In the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,
NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 1 5 2 ,369
Calcium current:In Helix neurones (PIN, CREST, EHILE,
JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189; (CREST,EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA) 152 ,211
Callinectes sapidus:Gill sodium uptake (BURNETT AND TOWLE)
149, 293Metabolism after exercise (LALLIER AND
WALSH) 154, 581Calliphora vomitoria:
Encoding properties of campaniformsensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245
Calorimetry:Used to study aestivation in a snail (REES
AND HAND) 152, 77Calosoma affine:
Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3
Campaniform sensilla:On the fly wing, encoding properties
(DICKINSON) 151, 245Camponotus detritus:
Discontinuous ventilation (LIGHTON) 151,71
Carassius carassius:Effects of anoxia (NILSSON) 150,-295
Carausius morosus:Nonspiking interneurones in a joint-
control loop (BUSCHGES) 151, 133Carbon dioxide:
Effects of catecholamines on excretion int r o u t (PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 1 5 2 ,
353Excretion of, in trout (LIN AND RANDALL)
149, 149Production by an aestivating land snail
(REES AND HAND) 152, 77Carboxyfluorescein:
Used to photoinactivate barnacle neurones(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83
Carcinus maenas:Motor programme switching (DICAPRIO)
154, 519Peripheral oxygen chemosensitivity
(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181
Cardiac ganglion:Of Limulus, effects of AMP and amines
(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313
Cardiac output:In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND
NILSSON) 151, 297
Cardisoma carnifex:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)
149, 521Cardisoma guanhumi:
Eye movements during walking (BARNES)154, 99
Carp:Control of breathing (GLASS, ANDERSEN,
KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 1 4 8 ,
1Effect of temperature acclimation on
nerve properties (HARPER, WATT,HANCOCK AND MACDONALD) 1 5 4 , 305
Effect of temperature on muscle velocity(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163
Effects of anoxia (NILSSON) 150, 295Red cell function (JENSEN) 152, 149
Carunculina texasensis:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ
AND BYRNE) 150, 395
Cat:Jaw muscle activity (GANS, GORNIAK AND
MORGAN) 151, 1Catch:
In the mussel ABRM, effect ofintracellular pH (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS
AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Catecholamines:Effect on gas exchange in trout (PLAYLE,
MUNGER AND WOOD) 1 5 2 , 353
Effect on metabolism of trout red cells(WALSH, WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154 ,
475Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,
HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)
151, 57In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,
WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1
Catfish:Hypoxic reflexes (BURLESON AND
SMATRESK) 154, 407
Cell assemblies:Formation of, in the mammalian visual
cortex (SINGER) 153, 177
XVIII Index of Subjects
Cell recognition:In the developing nervous system
(TRISLER) 153, 11Central pattern generator:
In the crab ventilatory system (DICAPRIO)154, 519
Cephalopod:Energetics of locomotion in Nautilus
(O'DOR, WELLS AND WELLS) 154, 383Vascular elasticity in the circulatory
system of an octopus (SHADWICK ANDNILSSON) 152, 471
Cerebellar control:Of the dogfish pectoral fin reflex (PAUL
AND ROBERTS) 148, 403Cerebellum:
Development in the rat (KAWAMURA,MURASE AND YUASA) 153, 289
Plasticity of postsynaptic neurones(HAMORI) 153, 251
Synaptogenesis in mutant mice (SOTELO)153, 225
Chaetodon ornatissimus:Iron-rich teeth (SPARKS, MOTTA, SHELLIS,
WADE AND MANN) 151, 371
Chalcalburnus chalcoides:Swimming energetics (KAUFMANN) 150, 343
Chemoreception:Of oxygen, in the crab (SIMMERS AND
TRUCHOT) 148, 181Chemoreceptor:
Oxygen-sensitive, in catfish (BURLESONAND SMATRESK) 154, 407
Cherax destructor:Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR
AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Chicken:
Air-sac function (BRACKENBURY ANDAMAKU) 152, 93
Chill-coma temperature:In insect flight muscle (GOLLER AND ESCH)
150, 221Chilling:
Effect on survival of Drosophila at lowtemperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245
Chloride:Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,
367Uptake of, in seawater-adapted trout
(BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148, 489Chloride channel:
In cockroach neurones (MALFXOT AND
SATTELLE) 151, 495
In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris(OAMI, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473
Chordotonal organs:Of crayfish (FIELD, NEWLAND AND HISADA)
154, 179Cicada:
Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41Ciliary beating:
In a snail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152,389, 405
Circulation:Vascular, in an octopus (SHADWICK AND
NILSSON) 152, 471Circulatory system:
In the hagfish (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND
NILSSON) 151, 297Cirripedia:
Projection interneurones in the barnacle(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83
Climbing fibre:Re-formation of synapses after
deafferentation (KAWAMURA, MURASEAND YUASA) 153, 289
Clione limacina:Neural control of heart rate (ARSHAVSKY,
DELIAGINA, GELFAND, ORLOVSKY,PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND P O P O V A ) 1 4 8 , 4 6 1
Cockroach:Control of cuticular water permeability
(CROGHAN AND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505Current flow across the blood-brain
barrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371Energetics of uphill running (FULL AND
TULLIS) 149, 307GABA-activated chloride channels
(MAL6COT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495Mechanics of running (FULL AND TU) 148,
129Oscillations of glial membrane potential
(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335Sodium current in isolated neurones
(LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE) 151, 387Cod:
Power output of isolated muscle(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Cold:Effect on oxygen extraction in little
penguins (JOHANNESEN AND NICOL) 154,397
Colias erytheme:Reflectance basking (HEINRICH) 154, 31
Columba livia:Ventilatory movements of the pelvis
(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263Common inhibitory neurones:
Role in walking in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Conductance:
Of K+ channels in Helix neurones (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78
Index of Subjects XIX
Conduction:Of carp nerve, effect of temperature
acclimation (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK
AND MACDONALD) 154, 305
Connections:Formed by cultured Aplysia neurones
(KLEINFELD, PARSONS, RACCUIA-BEHL1NG,
SALZBERG AND OBAID) 1 5 4 , 237
Contraction:Of the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,
NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 1 5 2 ,
369Contrast frequency:
Effect on identified honeybeeinterneurones (IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN)
148, 255Control:
Of breathing in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HElSLER) 148 ,1
Of glycolysis in a land snail (WHITWAM ANDSTOREY) 154, 321
Of the beat frequency of sea urchinflagella (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA,GIBBONS, GIBBONS AND TAKAHASHl) 152 ,441
Cooling:Convective, in butterflies (HEINRICH) 154,
31Cooperativity:
In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407Coordination:
Of legs in the walking rock lobster(MULLER AND CLARAC) 148, 113
Of prey capture in the praying mantis(CORRETTE) 148, 147
Corbicula fluminea:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ
AND BYRNE) 150, 395
Corbunculid:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ
AND BYRNE) 150, 395
Cost of transport:In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343
Cotransport:Of ions across eel intestine (ANDO AND
SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381
Crab:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)
149, 521Eye movements during walking (BARNES)
154, 99Eye movements during walking (PAUL,
NALBACH AND VARJU) 1 5 4 , 8 1
Fluid balance (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR ANDMORRIS) 152, 505
Gill sodium uptake (BURNETT AND TOWLE)149, 293
Limulus, modulation of cardiac ganglionby cyclic AMP and amines (GROOME ANDWATSON) 152, 313
Luminescent flash avoidance (GROBER) 148,415, 427
Metabolism after exercise (LALLIER ANDWALSH) 154, 581
Motor programme switching (DICAPRIO)154, 519
Peripheral oxygen chemosensitivity(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181
Visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573Crangon crangon:
Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)150, 145
Crayfish:Directional sensitivity of the equilibrium
system (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152,
305Dual motor output interneurones
(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269
Effect of taurine on heart muscle fibres(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255
Identified nonspiking interneurones (TOGA,TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148 , 477
Inhibition of escape (BEALL, LANGLEY ANDEDWARDS) 152, 577
Modulation of retinal sensitivity(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FR1XIONE, PICONES
AND RODRIGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123
Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTORAND MACMILLAN) 152, 485
Moult ing (WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl)
151,469Properties of retinal photoreceptors
(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111
Uropod proprioceptors (FIELD, NEWLANDAND HISADA) 154, 179
Vibration-sensitive statocyst interneurone(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361
Cricket:Leg-induced steering in flight (MAY AND
HOY) 151, 485Modulation of muscle by octopamine
(O'GARA AND DREWES) 149, 161
Ultrasound-induced yaw movements inflight (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177
Critical speed:Of swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR,
LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175
Crop:Function in blowflies (HAINSWORTH, FISHER
AND PRECUP) 150, 257
XX Index of Subjects
Crustacea:Regulation of synapses in lobster and
crayfish (ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105
Cryobiology:Of Drosophila melanogaster (CZAJKA AND
LEE) 148, 245Culture:
Of Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD, PARSONS,RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG AND OBAID)
154, 237Of crustacean stomatogastric ganglion
neurones (GRAF AND COOKE) 149, 521
Of leech neurones, synapse formation(NICHOLLS, UU, PAYTON AND KUFFLER)
153, 141Of leech Retzius cells (BOOKMAN AND LIU)
149, 223Of locust muscle, ion channels (MILLER
AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45
Of neurones from Helix, K+ channels(GREEN, POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78
Of the CNS of the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR ANDSAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
Of Xenopus nerve and muscle (FENG ANDDAI) 153, 129
Current:Flow across an insect blood-brain barrier
(SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371
Cuticle:Control of permeability in insects
(CROGHAN AND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505
Cyclic AMP:Effect on intracellular pH in mussel
A B R M (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS AND
GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Role in modulation of Limulus cardiacganglion (GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313
Cyclochila australasiae:Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41
Cyclostome:Cardiovascular dynamics in Myxine
glutinosa (AXELSSON, FARRELL AND
NILSSON) 151, 297
Cyprinus carpio:Control of breathing (GLASS, ANDERSEN,
KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 1 4 8 ,1
Effect of temperature acclimation onnerve properties (HARPER, WATT,HANCOCK AND MACDONALD) 1 5 4 , 305
Effect of temperature on muscle velocity(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154 , 163
Red cell function (JENSEN) 152, 149
Deafferentation:Effect on developing rat cerebellum
(KAWAMURA, MURASE AND YUASA) 153,
289Defence posture:
Of a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY AND
EDWARDS) 152, 577
Defined medium:For the culture of crustacean neurones
(GRAF AND COOKE) 149, 521
Dendrites:Axonization of, in reactive synaptogenesis
(HAMORI) 153, 251
Development:Of respiratory gas exchange in salmon
(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1
Of synaptic connections in chick (FRANKAND MENDELSON) 153, 71
Of the CNS in the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR AND
SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
Of the mammalian retinogeniculatepathway (so, CAMPBELL AND LIEBERMAN)
153, 85Of the mammalian visual cortex (SINGER)
153, 177Of the retina and tectum (TRISLER) 153, 11
Diffusion:Of metabolites in aerobic muscle in
antarctic fish (LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL)150, 205
Dinoflagellate:Distribution of ion channels in Noctiluca
(OAMl, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 1 5 0 , 473
Directional hearing:Thresholds in fish (SCHELLART AND
BUWALDA) 149, 113
Directional sensitivity:Of the crayfish equilibrium system
(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152, 305
Directional tuning:Of interneurones in the honeybee
(iBBOTSON AND GOODMAN) 148 , 255
Dissociated neurone:From the cockroach, ion channels
(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495
DNA:Replication in the CNS of the newborn
opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR
AND SAUNDERS) 152, 1Dog:
Work and energetic cost of locomotion(STEUDEL) 154, 273, 287
Index of Subjects XXI
Dogfish:Role of magnetic statoconia (HANSON,
WESTERBERG AND OBLAD) 1 5 1 , 205
Spinal neuronal activity during thepectoral fin reflex (PAUL AND ROBERTS)148, 403
Dopaminc:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Dormancy:
In a land snail (REES AND HAND) 152, 77Drag:
Coefficients for a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449Coefficient for bird bodies (TUCKER) 154,
439For a gliding hawk (TUCKER AND HEINE)
149, 469Drosophila:
Potassium currents in muscle (SINGH ANDwu) 152, 59
Drosophila melanogaster:Survival at low temperature (CZAJKA AND
LEE) 148, 245DUM neurone:
In the cockroach, Na+ currents (LAPIED,MALECOT AND PELHATE) 1 5 1 , 387
In the locust, modulation by octopamine(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149 , 255
Dye dilution:Used to measure tuna ventilation volume
(JONES, BRILL, BUTLER, BUSHNELL AND
HE1E1S) 1 4 9 , 491
Ear-drum:Role in sound production in a cicada
(YOUNG) 151, 41
Echinoderm:Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca
(AHEARN) 150, 453
Echolocation:By bats (THOMAS, JONES, RAYNER AND
HUGHES) 149, 407
By bats, response of a praying mantis(YAGER, MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17
Eel:Intestinal transport of bicarbonate (ANDO
AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381
Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSEAND YOUNG) 148, 367
Transport of water and ions across theintestine (ANDO) 150, 367
Elasticity:In the vascular system of an octopus
(SHADWICK AND NILSSON) 152, 471
Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER ANDDANIEL) 151, 435
Electromyography:Effect of sampling rate (JAYNE, LAUDER,
REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 154, 557
Of jaw muscles in cats (GANS, GORNIAKAND MORGAN) 151, 1
Of lizard muscle (JAYNE, BENNETT ANDLAUDER) 152, 101
Of pigeon ventilatory muscles (BAUMEL,WILSON AND BERGREN) 1 5 1 , 263
Eleutherodactylus coqui:Ontogeny of metabolism and heart
function (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND
TOWNSEND) 152, 129
Embryonic tissue:Transplanted to adult rat brain (RAISMAN
AND FIELD) 153, 277
Encoding properties:Of fly wing campaniform sensilla
(DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245
Endotherm:Arousal from hibernation and torpor in
mammals (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE) 151,
349Energetics:
Of cockroach running (FULL AND TU) 148,129
Of locomotion in dogs (STEUDEL) 154, 273,287
Of locomotion in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLSAND WELLS) 154, 383
Of swimming in fish larvae (KAUFMANN)150, 343
Of terrestrial locomotion in insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULL1S) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3
Of uphill running in insects (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307
Energy:Processing in blowflies (HAINSWORTH,
FISHER AND PRECUP) 1 5 0 , 257
Epinephrine:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Epithelium:
Ciliated, role in locomotion in a snail(DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 405
Eptatretus stouti:Amino acid transport in red cells
(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,
355Equilibrium system:
Of the crayfish, directional sensitivity(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152, 305
XXII Index of Subjects
Erythrocytes:Adrenergic N a + / H + exchange (COSSINS
AND KILBEY) 148, 303In trout spleen (WELLS AND WEBER) 150,
461Of fish, glucose transport (TSE AND YOUNG)
148, 367Escape:
Flight manoeuvres by a praying mantis(YAGER, MAY AND FENTON) 152, 17;(YAGER AND MAY) 152, 41
Reaction of soldier crabs (NALBACH) 148,483
Esox lucius:Fast-start performance (HARPER AND
BLAKE) 150, 321Estivation:
In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,193
Eudyptula minor:Oxygen extraction by (JOHANNESEN AND
NICOL) 154, 397Euthynnus affinis:
Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 491
Evaporative cooling:In grasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463
Excretion:In a teleost adapted to an extremely
alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 151 , 3 6 1
Excretory system:Of a land crab, role in fluid balance
(GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND MORRIS) 152 ,
505Exercise:
Effect on crab metabolism (LALLIER ANDWALSH) 154, 581
Effect on metabolism of trout red cells(WOOD, WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 ,491
Effect on respiration in the domestic fowl(BRACKENBURY AND AMAKU) 152, 93
Effect on trout muscle metabolism(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 149 , 4 5
Role of spleen in trout (WELLS ANDWEBER) 150, 461
Extrapolation method:Used to estimate interference drag
(TUCKER) 154, 439Eye:
Movement, during escape reaction ofsoldier crabs (NALBACH) 148, 483
Movement of, in walking crabs (BARNES)154, 99
Movement of, in walking crabs (PAUL,NALBACH AND VARJU) 1 5 4 , 8 1
Of a deep-sea ostracod (LAND ANDNILSSON) 148, 221
Visual fields in Mantispa styriaca(EGGENREICH AND KRAL) 148, 353
Falco peregrinus:Body drag (TUCKER) 149, 449Measurement of interference drag
(TUCKER) 154, 439
Fast-start:In trout and pike (HARPER AND BLAKE) 150,
321Fatigue:
In ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152, 265
Feeding:Energy processing in blowflies
(HAINSWORTH, FISHER AND PRECUP) 150,257
Variation of muscular activity in cats(GANS, GORN1AK AND MORGAN) 1 5 1 , 1
Femoral chordotonal organ:In the stick insect (BUSCHGES) 151, 133
Firebrat:Instar duration in Thermobia domestica
(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341
Flagella:Of sea urchin, effect of a change in beat
frequency (ESHEL, SHINGYOJI,YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS, GIBBONS ANDTAKAHASHl) 1 5 2 , 441
Flapping:Frequency in bird flight (PENNYCUICK) 150,
171Fleshfly:
Coding mechanism for gustatory sensilla(MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT AND
WHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Flight:Bird wingbeat frequencies (PENNYCUICK)
150, 171Control of optomotor responses in the
locust (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191
Drag coefficients for a falcon (TUCKER)149, 449
Effect of ultrasound on flying crickets(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177
Evasive, by a praying mantis (YAGER, MAYAND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)
152, 41Gliding in a Harris' hawk (TUCKER AND
HEINE) 149, 469
Intermittent gliding in a bat (THOMAS,JONES, RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149 , 407
Lift and power output of birds (MARDEN)149, 511
Index of Subjects XXIII
Moment of inertia of bird wings(KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489
Of neotropical butterflies (DUDLEY) 150, 35Of the bumblebee (DUDLEY AND
ELLINGTON) 148, 19, 53Power output of moth flight muscle
(STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61
Role of locust forewing stretch receptors(PEARSON AND RAMIREZ) 1 5 1 , 317
Steering in crickets (MAY AND HOY) 151,485
Steering in the locust (BAADER) 151, 109Steering in the locust (WOLF) 150, 55
Flight muscle:Chill-coma temperature in insects (GOLLER
AND ESCH) 150, 221
Fluid balance:In a land crab (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND
MORRIS) 152, 505
Fluid uptake:By Octopus (WELLS AND WELLS) 152, 583
Fluorescent probe:Used to study intracellular pH (HEMING,
VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148 , 385
Fly:Fixation behaviour (OSORIO, SRINIVASAN
AND PINTER) 149, 281FMRFamide:
Distribution in the locust (ROBB ANDEVANS) 149, 335
From Helix aspersa (PRICE, LESSEE, LEE,DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 1 5 4 , 4 2 1
In the C3 neurone of Helix (BEWICK,COTTRELL AND PRICE) 148 , 201
Force:Maintenance of, in barnacle striated
muscle (IWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND
SUGI) 148, 281
Frequency:Of flapping in flying birds (PENNYCUICK)
150, 171Frog:
Mechanism of ventilation (VITALIS ANDSHELTON) 154, 537
Ontogeny of metabolism and heartfunction (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND
TOWNSEND) 152, 129
Patterning of nerve connections (FRASERAND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Funnel canal organ:Effect on lobster locomotion (MULLER AND
CLARAC) 148, 89, 113
Gadus morhua:Power output of isolated muscle
(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Gamma-aminobutyric acid:Effect on locust cereal afferents (WATSON)
148, 509In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Receptors in cockroach neurones
(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495Ganglion:
Mandibular, in the locust (BRAUNIG) 148,313
Gas exchange:Cutaneous, in bullfrogs (PINDER AND
FEDER) 154, 67Gas transport:
In shark blood (LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT)151, 161
Gastrocnemius muscle:Effect of prestretch on work output
(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 1 5 2 , 333
Gastropod:Control of locomotion in a snail
(DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405
Enzyme regulation during aestivation andanoxia (WHITWAM AND STOREY) 154, 321
Temperature sensitivity of haemocyanin(BRIX, CONDO, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)
149, 417Gene:
Expression of, in the primate sensorycortex (JONES) 153, 155
Gill:Denervation of, effect on hypoxic reflexes
in catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407
Function in trout (LIN AND RANDALL) 149,149
In gas exchange in salmon (ROMBOUGH ANDMOROZ) 154, 1
Ion fluxes in trout (GOSS AND WOOD) 152,521, 549
Of the blue crab, sodium uptake (BURNETTAND TOWLE) 149, 293
Role in osmoregulation in Anemia salina(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279
Ventilation of, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148,1
Glia:Oscillations of membrane potential
(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335Gliding:
In bats (THOMAS, JONES, RAYNER AND
HUGHES) 149, 407
Performance of a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449Performance of a Harris' hawk (TUCKER
AND HEINE) 149, 469
XXIV Index of Subjects
Glossopharyngeal nerve:Effect of section on hypoxic reflexes in
catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407
Glottis:Role in breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALIS
AND SHELTON) 154, 537Glucose:
In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491
Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH ,WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 475
Transport of, by fish erythrocytes (TSE ANDYOUNG) 148, 367
Glutamate:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRER
AND COHEN) 154, 567Glycolysis:
Control of, in a land snail (WHITWAM ANDSTOREY) 154, 321
In trout muscle, effect of training(PEARSON, SPR1ET AND STEVENS) 149 , 45
Glycolytic complex:In an aestivating snail (BROOKS AND
STOREY) 151, 193Glycolytic enzymes:
In fish muscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS)149, 319
Good's buffers:Accumulation of, in fish hepatocytes
(WALSH) 148, 495Gradient:
Of cell surface proteins in retina andtectum (TRISLER) 153, 11
Of guidance molecules in the optic tectum(MULLER, STAHL AND BONHOEFFER) 153,29
Grasshoppers:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463
Gravity:Effect on Xenopus laevis (LEUCHT) 148,
325Growth:
In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343Growth cone:
Collapse induced by guidance molecules(MULLER, STAHL AND BONHOEFFER) 153,29
Of Helix neurones, K+ channels (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149 , 78
Guidance:Of developing axons (MULLER, STAHL AND
BONHOEFFER) 153, 29Of neurones in the developing frog retina
(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Guinea pig:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499
Gustatory chemosensilla:In Sarcophaga (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT
AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Habitat:Of euryhaline prawns (CAMPBELL AND
JONES) 150, 145
Haemocyanin:Of deep-sea shrimps (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Of squid, effects of pH on oxygen binding(PORTNER) 150, 407
Temperature sensitivity in a gastropod(BRIX, COND&, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)
149, 417Haemocyte:
Of squid, intracellular pH (HEMING,VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148 , 385
Haemodynamics:In an octopus (SHADWICK AND NILSSON)
152, 471Haemoglobin:
Of fish, Root effect (PELSTER AND WEBER)149, 425
Haemolymph:Buffering of, in locust (HARRISON, WONG
AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573
Of oplophorid shrimps (SANDERS ANDCHILDRESS) 152, 167
Hagfish:Amino acid transport in red cells
(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355
Cardiovascular dynamics (AXELSSON,FARRELL AND NILSSON) 1 5 1 , 297
Haldane effect:In shark blood (LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT)
151, 161In squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407
Harris' hawk:Aerodynamics of gliding flight (TUCKER
AND HEINE) 149, 469Lift and power output in flight (MARDEN)
149, 511Profile drag coefficients (TUCKER) 149, 449
Hawkmoth:Power output of flight muscle (STEVENSON
AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61
Head movement:Compensatory, in flying locusts (HENSLER
AND ROWELL) 149. 191
Hearing:Directional, thresholds in fish (SCHELLART
AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Index of Subjects xxv
Heart:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic
Skate (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449
Calcium channels in snail ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187
Effect of taurine on muscle fibres (GALLER,HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255
Effect of temperature in fish (BAILEY ANDDRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Effect of temperature on vagal action inthe toad (COURTICE) 149, 439
Myosin ATPase activity in rodents(MCKEAN) 149, 499
Neural control of, in a mollusc(ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA, GELFAND,ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVA ANDPOPOVA) 148, 461
Heart rate:During development in a frog (BURGGREN,
INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 152, 129In a crab, effect of luminescent flashes
(GROBER) 148, 415, 427Helix:
K+ channels in cultured neurones (GREEN,POWELL AND COTTRELL) 149, 78
Helix aspersa:Cardioactive peptides (PRICE, LESSER, LEE,
DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 154, 421The C3 neurone (BEWICK, COTTRELL AND
PRICE) 148, 201Helix pomatia:
Plateau-generating nerve cells (PIN, CREST,EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189;(CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA)
152, 211Hepatocyte:
Of toadfish, accumulation of Hepes(WALSH) 148, 495
Hepes:Accumulation of, in fish hepatocytes
(WALSH) 148, 495Hibernation:
Arousal from (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)151, 349
In bats, arrhythmic breathing (THOMAS,CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395
High-energy phosphate:Stores in acid-exposed fish (VAN WAARDE,
VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART, VERHAGEN,ERKELENS, WENDELAAR BONGA, ADDINKAND LUGTENBURG) 154, 223
Hippocampus:Transection of, effect in adult rat brain
(RAISMAN AND HELD) 153, 277
Hirudo medicinalis:Acetylcholine sensitivity of axotomized
neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,423
Initiation of swimming activity(BRODFUEHRER AND COHEN) 154, 567
Homarus americanus:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)
149, 521Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR
AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Homing:
In American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO ANDNOZZOLINI) 148, 235
Honeybee:A temperature-induced ventilation switch
(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509Motion-sensitive interneurones (IBBOTSON
AND GOODMAN) 148, 255Horseradish peroxidase:
Labelling of locust cereal afferents(WATSON) 148, 509
Horseshoe crab:Modulation by cyclic AMP and amines
(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313HPLC:
Used to characterize neuropeptides in thelocust (ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335
Hydroxyapatite:In the teeth of butterflyfish (SPARKS,
MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 151,371
Hypaxial muscles:Locomotor action in a lizard (CARRIER)
152, 453Hypercapnia:
Compensation of, in toads and frogs(TOEWS AND STIFFLER) 148, 293
Hyperoxia:Effect on ion fluxes across trout gills (GOSS
AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549Effect on the crab respiratory oscillator
(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181Hyperpnoea:
During evaporative cooling ingrasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463
Hypoxia:Effect on catfish (BURLESON AND
SMATRESK) 154, 407Effect on the crab respiratory oscillator
(SIMMERS AND TRUCHOT) 148, 181Role of spleen in trout (WELLS AND
WEBER) 150, 461Ventilatory responses of trout (AOTA,
HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)
151, 57
XXVI Index of Subjects
Ictalurus punctatus:Hypoxic reflexes (BURLESON AND
SMATRESK) 154, 407
Identified neurone:Controlling crayfish abdominal posture
(TOGA, TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477
Controlling mollusc heart rate (ARSHAVSKY,DEUAGINA, GELFAND, ORLOVSKY,
PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND POPOV A ) 1 4 8 , 4 6 1
In locust brain, role in motion detection(RIND) 149, 1, 21
In the cockroach, acetylcholine-inducedcurrents (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21
In the honeybee visual pathway (IBBOTSONAND GOODMAN) 148, 255
Na + currents in the cockroach DUMneurone (LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE)
151, 387The C3 neurone in Helix (BEWICK,
COTTRELL AND PRICE) 1 4 8 , 2 0 1Iguana iguana:
Role of hypaxial muscles in walking(CARRIER) 152, 453
Illex illecebrosus:Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)
150, 407Immunogold:
Labelling of locust cereal afferents(WATSON) 148, 509
Innervation:Of locust flight steering muscle (WOLF)
150, 55Insect:
Chill-coma temperature of flight muscle(GOLLER AND ESCH) 150, 221
Energetics of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 2 3 3
Interference drag:Measurement of (TUCKER) 154, 439
Interneurone:Controlling switching in the crab
ventilatory system (DICAPRIO) 154, 519In locust brain, role in motion detection
(RIND) 149, 1,21
In the shadow reflex pathway of thebarnacle (GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83
Motion-sensitive, in the honeybee(IBBOTSON AND GOODMAN) 148, 255
Nonspiking, in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)151, 133
Vibration-sensitive, in the crayfish(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361
With dual motor output, in crayfish(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269
Ion channel:Acetylcholine-activated (PENNINGTON AND
MARTIN) 154, 201
Distribution in Retzius cells (GARCI'A,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND
REUTER) 1 5 0 , 1
In a cockroach neurone (DAVID ANDSATTELLE) 151, 21
In dissociated cockroach neurones(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495
In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,405
In snail heart ventricle cells (BREZDEN ANDGARDNER) 150, 187
In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris(OAMI, NAITOH AND S I B A O K A ) 1 5 0 , 473
Properties of, in cultured leech cells(BOOKMAN AND LIU) 149, 223
Ion currents:In Drosophila muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152,
59In Helix neurones (PIN, CREST, EHILE,
JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189; (CREST,EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND G O L A ) 1 5 2 ,211
Ion exchange:Across eel intestine (ANDO AND
SUBRAMANYAM) 150, 381
In the mussel ABRM (ZANGE, GRIESHABERAND JANS) 150, 95
In trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)148, 303
Ion flux:Across the gills of rainbow trout (GOSS
AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549
Across the mantle of Anodonta cygnea(MACHADO, FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND
FERNANDES) 150, 159
Ion regulation:In seawater-adapted trout (BATTRAM AND
EDDY) 148, 489
Ion transport:Across caterpillar midgut epithelium
(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 425
Across eel intestine (ANDO) 150, 367By carp red cells (JENSEN) 152, 149Cutaneous, in toads and frogs (TOEWS AND
STIFFLER) 148, 293
Iron:In the teeth of the butterflyfish (SPARKS,
MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 1 5 1 ,
371Isokinetic shortening:
Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOESTAND HUIJING) 154, 121
Index of Subjects XXVII
Isolated neurone:Na+ currents in the cockroach DUM
neurone (LAPIED, MALECOT AND PELHATE)
151, 387Isopod:
Stretch receptor organs of Armadillidiumvulgare (NIIDA, SADAKANE AND
YAMAGUCHI) 149, 515
Isopoda:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND
MACHIN) 154, 13
Isotonic shortening:Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST
AND HUUING) 154, 121
Isurus oxyrinchus:Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,
LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175
Jacobs-Stewart cycle:In trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND
PAAJASTE) 154, 257
Jasus lalandii:Sensory influences on locomotion (MULLER
AND CLARAC) 148, 89, 113
Jet propulsion:Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS
AND WELLS) 154, 383
Joint:Control of, in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)
151, 133
Kainate:Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRER
AND COHEN) 154, 567
Katsuwonus pelamis:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 491
Kawakawa:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 491
Kinases:In the monkey visual cortex (JONES) 153,
155Kinematics:
Of bumblebee flight (DUDLEY ANDELLINGTON) 148, 19, 53
Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35Of feeding in fishes (SANFORD AND
LAUDER) 154, 137
Lactate:Effect on haemocyanin of oplophorid
shrimps (SANDERS AND CHILDRESS) 152,167
In the blood of a swimming shark (LAI,GRAHAM AND BURNETT) 1 5 1 , 161
In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1
Metabolism of, in trout red cells (WALSH,WOOD, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 7 5
Lake Magadi:Effect of alkaline water on a teleost
(WRIGHT, PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD ANDBERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361
Lateral geniculate nucleus:Action potentials in the developing visual
system (KALIL) 153, 261Lateral inhibition:
In the fly visual system (OSORIO,SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281
Leech:Acetylcholine sensitivity of axotomized
neurones (BIGIANI AND PELLEGRINO) 151,423
Development of synapses (ZHANG, ZHU,WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 1 5 3 , 47
Initiation of swimming activity(BRODFUEHRER AND COHEN) 154, 567
Ion channels in cultured Retzius cells(BOOKMAN AND LIU) 149, 223
Ion channels in Retzius cells (GARCIA,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN ANDREUTER) 150 , 1
Synapse formation by cultured neurones(NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON AND KUFFLER)
153, 141Leg:
Role in steering in flying crickets (MAYAND HOY) 151, 485
Lesion:In the adult rat brain, synaptogenesis after
(RAISMAN AND FIELD) 153, 277
Leucine:Uptake of, by insect midgut (SACCHI,
G1ORDANA, CAMPANINI, BONFANTI AND
HANOZET) 149, 207
L-GIutamate:Effect on locust flight motoneurones
(DUBAS) 148, 501
Lidocaine:Effect on homing pigeons (DORNFELDT AND
BILO) 149, 95
Lift:Of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511
Lift coefficient:Of a gliding hawk (TUCKER AND HEINE)
149, 469Light:
Responses to, of crayfish retinalphotoreceptors (PICONES AND ARECHIGA)150, 111
XXVIII Index of Subjects
Ligumia subrostrata:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ
AND BYRNE) 150, 395Limulus polyphemus:
Modulation by cyclic AMP and amines(GROOME AND WATSON) 152, 313
Lipid:In carp nerve, effect of temperature
acclimation (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCKAND MACDONALD)154, 305
Lizard:Nodal membrane currents (BENOIT) 151,
405Role of hypaxial muscles in walking
(CARRIER) 152, 453Speed, temperature and muscle
recruitment (JAYNE, BENNETT ANDLAUDER) 152, 101
Load-lifting:Ability of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511
Lobster:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)
149, 521Modulation of stretch receptors (PASZTOR
AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485Locomotion:
Activity of common inhibitormotoneurones in walking locusts (WOLF)152, 281
Coordination with the circulatory systemin a mollusc (ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA,GELFAND, ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVAAND POPOVA) 148, 461
Effect of temperature on swimming carp(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154, 163
Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLSAND WELLS) 154, 383
Energetics of uphill running in insects(FULL AND TULLIS) 149, 307
Fish muscle power output (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 148, 395
In a snail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152,389, 405
Joint control in the stick insect (BUSCHGES)151, 133
Mechanics of six-legged runners (FULL ANDTU) 148, 129
Muscle recruitment in a lizard (JAYNE,BENNETT AND LAUDER) 152, 101
Of the rock lobster (MULLER AND CLARAC)148, 89, 113
Role of eye movements in crabs (BARNES)154, 99
Role of hypaxial muscles in a lizard(CARRIER) 152, 453
Scaling effects on muscle function(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Scaling of ATP-supplying enzymes in fishmuscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS) 149,319
Terrestrial, cost in insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 233
Work and energetic cost (STEUDEL) 154,273, 287
Locust:Buffering of haemolymph (HARRISON,
WONG AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573Characterization of a motion-detecting
neurone (RIND) 149, 1, 21Control of optomotor responses during
flight (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191Distribution of FMRFamide-like peptides
(ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335Effect of L-glutamate on flight
motoneurones (DUBAS) 148, 501Forewing stretch receptors (PEARSON AND
RAMIREZ) 151, 317Function of a flight steering muscle (WOLF)
150, 55GABAergic input onto cereal afferents
(WATSON) 148, 509Mandibular ganglion (BRAUNIG) 148, 313Octopaminergic modulation of forewing
stretch receptor (RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD)149, 255
Potassium channels in cultured muscle(MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45
Locusta migratoria:Activity patterns of inhibitory
motoneurones (WOLF) 152, 281Characterization of a motion-detecting
neurone (RIND) 149, 1, 21Control of optomotor responses during
flight (HENSLER AND ROWELL) 149, 191Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463Flight steering (BAADER) 151, 109Forewing stretch receptors (PEARSON AND
RAMIREZ) 151, 317Function of a flight steering muscle (WOLF)
150, 55GABAergic input onto cereal afferents
(WATSON) 148, 509Octopaminergic modulation of forewing
stretch receptor (RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD)149, 255
Loligo pealei:Contractions of the stellate ganglion
(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369
Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)150, 407
Lucilia cuprina:Fixation behaviour (OSORIO, SRINIVASAN
AND PINTER) 149, 281
Index of Subjects XXIX
Luminescence:Avoidance of, in a crab (GROBER) 148, 415,
427Lymnaea stagnalis:
Calcium channels in heart ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187
Macrocypridina castanea:Eye movements (LAND AND NILSSON) 148,
221Macrophages:
Oxygen uptake by (NAGELKERKE,PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339
Macrotristria angularis:Sound production (YOUNG) 151, 41
Magnesium transport:In fish intestine (VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT,
FL1K, POLAK AND KOLAR) 1 5 2 , 587
Magnetic field:Effect on Xenopus laevis (LEUCHT) 148,
325Magnetic particles:
In the dogfish (HANSON, WESTERBERG AND
OBLAD) 151, 205
Makaira nigricans:Backbone mechanics (HEBRANK, HEBRANK,
LONG, BLOCK AND WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449
Mammal:Arousal from hibernation (GEISER AND
BAUDINETTE) 151, 349
The central nervous system of thenewborn opossum (NICHOLLS, STEWART,ERULKAR AND SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
Manduca sexta:Alkalization of midgut lumen
(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467
Ion transport across midgut (CHAMBERLIN)150, 425
Power output of flight muscle (STEVENSONAND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61
Reversible alkalization by midgut (DOWAND O'DONNELL) 150, 247
Mantispa styriaca:Visual fields of the compound eyes
(EGGENREICH AND KRAL) 148, 353
Mantle:Of Anodonta cygnea, acid-base balance
(MACHADO, FERREIRA, FERREIRA AND
FERNANDES) 150, 159Marsupials:
Arousal from hibernation (GEISER ANDBAUDINETTE) 151, 349
Mastication:In cats (GANS, GORNIAK AND MORGAN) 151,
1
Mechanics:Of fish muscle (ALTRINGHAM AND
JOHNSTON) 151, 453Of locomotion in dogs (STEUDEL) 154, 273,
287Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER AND
DANIEL) 151, 435
Of six-legged runners (FULL AND TU) 148,129
Of the backbone, in the blue marlin(HEBRANK, HEBRANK, LONG, BLOCK AND
WAINWRIGHT) 148, 449
Mechanoreceptor:Modulation of, in crustaceans (PASZTOR
AND MACMILLAN) 152, 485
Membrane:Effect of temperature acclimation on lipids
in carp nerve (HARPER, WATT, HANCOCKAND MACDONALD)154, 305
Membrane conductance:Of light-stimulated crayfish photoreceptors
(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111
Metabolic depression:In a land snail (BROOKS AND STOREY) 151,
193Metabolic rate:
Depression of, in a land snail (WHITWAMAND STOREY) 154, 321
In chinook salmon (ROMBOUGH ANDMOROZ) 154, 1
In swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS ANDWELLS) 154, 383
Of honeybees (LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE)
154, 509Of swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR,
LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175
Metabolism:In trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,
WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491
Of exercised crabs (LALLIER AND WALSH)154, 581
Ontogeny of, in a frog (BURGGREN,INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 1 5 2 , 129
Methaemoglobin:Oxygen affinity in carp red cells (JENSEN)
152, 149Method:
Effect of sampling rate on analysis ofelectromyograms (JAYNE, LAUDER,REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 1 5 4 , 5 5 7
Micropterus dolomieui:Effect of temperature on heart muscle
(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Mictyris longicarpus:Escape reaction (NALBACH) 148, 483
XXX Index of Subjects
Midgut:Of Manduca sexta, alkalization of the
lumen (CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467Of Manduca sexta, ion transport
(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 425
Transport of leucine in an insect (SACCHI,G1ORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND
HANOZET) 149, 207
Migration:Vertical, by oplophorid shrimps (SANDERS
AND CH1LDRESS) 1 5 2 , 167
Mitochondria:Of Solemya reidi, oxidation of sulphide
(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133
Modelling:Of directional hearing in trout (SCHELLART
AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Modulation:Of insect muscle by octopamine (O'GARA
AND DREWES) 149, 161Mollusc:
Control of heart rate in Clione limacina(ARSHAVSKY, DELIAGINA, GELFAND,
ORLOVSKY, PANCHIN, PAVLOVA AND
POPOVA) 148, 461
Plateau-generating nerve cells in Helix(PIN, CREST, EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA)
152, 189; (CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE
AND GOLA) 152, 211
Moment of inertia:Of bird wings (KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489
Monkey:Role of afferent activity in neocortical
function (JONES) 153, 155Monodelphus domestica:
Newborn, properties of the centralnervous system (NICHOLLS, STEWART,ERULKAR AND SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
Monopterus albus:Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSE
AND YOUNG) 148, 367
Morphology:Of limbs, effect on cost of locomotion
(STEUDEL) 154, 273
Morphometrics:Of butterfly flight (DUDLEY) 150, 35
Motion detection:In locust brain (RIND) 149, 1, 21
Motor neurone:Effect of L-glutamate in the locust (DUBAS)
148, 501Synapse development (FRANK AND
MENDELSON) 153, 71
Motor programme:In the crab ventilatory system (DICAPRIO)
154, 519
Moulting:Acceleration of, in firebrats (BUCK AND
EDWARDS) 151, 341Electrolyte and gas exchange in crayfish
(WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl) 1 5 1 , 469
Mouse:Mutants, synaptogenesis in the cerebellum
(SOTELO) 153, 225Movement:
Of the eye of a deep-sea ostracod (LANDAND NILSSON) 148, 221
Of the eyes in walking crabs (BARNES) 154,99
Of the eyes in walking crabs (PAUL,NALBACH AND VARjO) 154 , 8 1
Muscle:Acetylcholine-activated ion channels in
Ascaris suum (PENNINGTON AND MARTIN)154, 201
Aerobic, ultrastructure of, in antarctic fish(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205
Analysis of electromyograms (JAYNE,LAUDER, REILLY AND WAINWRIGHT) 1 5 4 ,557
Anterior byssus retractor of the mussel,intracellular pH (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANSAND GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Calcium utilization (BROOKS, HUDDART,LENNARD AND HILL) 149, 379
Chill-coma temperature in insects (GOLLERAND ESCH) 150, 221
Contractions of the squid stellate ganglion(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369
Effect of prestretch on work output(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 152, 333
Effect of sprint training on metabolism int r o u t (PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS)
149, 45Effect of taurine (GALLER, HUTZLER AND
HALLER) 152, 255Effect of temperature on fish heart (BAILEY
AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239Effect of temperature on shortening
velocity (ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER)154, 163
Fibre type use in a lizard (JAYNE, BENNETTAND LAUDER) 152, 101
Force maintenance in the barnacle(IWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)148, 281
Force production in running insects (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150 , 2 3 3
Hypaxial, locomotor action in a lizard(CARRIER) 152, 453
Inhibitory innervation (WOLF) 150, 55
Index of Subjects XXXI
Insect, modulation by octopamine (O'GARAAND DREWES) 149, 161
Ischaemic, from rat, effect of stimulation(CORSI, GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152,
265Mechanical power output in a moth(STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61
Mechanical properties of, in shrimp(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435
Power output in flying birds (MARDEN) 149,511
Power output in swimming fish(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395
Regulation of intracellular pH in musselA B R M (ZANGE, GRIESHABER AND JANS)
150, 95Role of series elastic structures (ETTEMA,
VAN SOEST AND HUIJING) 154, 121
Scaling effects on function (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Muskrat:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499
Mussel:Intracellular pH of a catch muscle (ZANGE,
PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Regulation of pH in ABRM (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95
Mutant:Mice, synaptogenesis in the cf-ebellum
(SOTELO) 153, 225Myosin:
ATPase activity in rodents (MCKLAN) 149,499
Myotis lucifugus:Arrhythmic breathing during hibernation
(THOMAS, CLOUTIER AND GAGNE) 149, 395
Myoxocephalus scorpius:Muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM AND
JOHNSTON) 148, 395Mytilus edulis:
Intracellular pH of a catch muscle (ZANGE,PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Regulation of pH in ABRM (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95
Myxine glutinosa:Cardiovascular dynamics (AXELSSON,
FARRELL AND NILSSON) 151, 297
Nautilus pompilius:Locomotor energetics (O'DOR, WELLS AND
WELLS) 154, 383Navigation:
In American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO ANDNOZZOLINI) 148, 235
Negaprion brevirostris:Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,
LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175
Neptunea antique.Temperature sensitivity of haemocyanin
(BRIX, CONDO, COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA)149, 417
Nerve:Effect of acclimation on conduction
(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK ANDMACDONALD) 154, 305
Nerve graft:Regeneration of axons along a
transplanted nerve (AGUAYO, BRAY,RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER ANDVIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199
Nervous system:Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313
Neural control:Of walking in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Of cutaneous vascular resistance in the
bullfrog (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425Neuromodulation:
Of a locust stretch receptor by octopamine(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255
Of crustacean stretch receptors (PASZTORAND MACMILLAN) 152, 485
Neuromuscular junction:Ca2+ channels and transmitter release
(FENG AND DAl) 153, 129Regulation of (ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153,
105Role of agrin in synapse formation
(MAGILL-SOLC AND MCMAHAN) 153, 1Neurone:
Crustacean, culture of (GRAF AND COOKE)149, 521
Plateau-generating, in Helix (PIN, CREST,
EHILE, JACQUET AND GOLA) 152, 189;(CREST, EHILE, PIN, WATANABE AND GOLA)
152, 211Neuropeptides:
FMRFamide-like, distribution of, in thelocust (ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335
From Helix aspersa (PRICE, LESSER, LEE,DOBLE AND GREENBERG) 154, 421
Neuropharmacology:Of L-glutamate (DUBAS) 148, 501
Neurotransmitter:Effect of L-glutamate on locust flight
motoneurones (DUBAS) 148, 501Release at the neuromuscular junction
(FENG AND DAI) 153, 129Nitrite:
Effect on red cell function in carp(JENSEN) 152, 149
XXXII Index of Subjects
Noctiluca miliaris:Distribution of ion channels (OAMI, NAITOH
AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473
Nodes of Ranvier:In lizard neurones, membrane currents
(BENOIT) 151, 405
Nonspiking interneurone:Controlling crayfish abdominal posture
(TOGA, TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477
In a joint-control loop in the stick insect(BUSCHGES) 151, 133
Noradrenaline:Effect on trout respiration (AOTA,
HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)151, 57
Norepinephrine:In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,
295Nostrils:
Role in breathing in Rana pipiens (VITALISAND SHELTON) 154, 537
Notopterus chitala:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND
LAUDER) 154, 137Notothenis gibberifrons:
Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205
Octopamine:A modulator of crustacean stretch
receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)
152, 485Effects on cricket muscle (O'GARA AND
DREWES) 149, 161Modulation of a locust stretch receptor
(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255
Octopus vulgaris:Urine production (WELLS AND WELLS) 152,
583Vascular elasticity (SHADWICK AND
NILSSON) 152, 471
Ocypode ceratophthalmus:Visual system (ZEIL) 152, 573
Ommatidial angles:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND
KRAL) 148, 353
Oncorhynchus mykiss:Control of red cell metabolism (WOOD,
WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 491
Effect of catecholamines on respiration(AOTA, HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER ANDRANDALL) 151, 57
Ion fluxes across the gills (GOSS ANDWOOD) 152, 521, 549
Oxygen uptake by phagocytes(NAGELKERKE, PANNEV1S, HOULIHAN ANDSECOMBES) 154, 339
Red blood cell metabolism (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha:Surface area-metabolism relationships
(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1
Ondatra zibethicus:Myosin ATPase activity (MCKEAN) 149, 499
Oniscidea:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND
MACHIN) 154, 13
Oniscus asellus:Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT AND
MACHIN) 154, 13
Ontogeny:Of metabolism and heart function in a
frog (BURGGREN, INFANTINO AND
TOWNSEND) 152, 129
Oplophorus gracilirostris:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Opsanus beta:Accumulation of Hepes in hepatocytes
(WALSH) 148, 495
Optic tectum:Topographic cell map (TRISLER) 153, 11
Optical system:Of Xenopus, effect of magnetic fields
(LEUCHT) 148, 325
Optomotor response:Control of, in flying locusts (HENSLER AND
ROWELL) 149, 191
Oreochromis alcalicus grahami:Effects of reducing water pH (WRIGHT,
PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN)151, 361
Oreochromis mossambicus:Effect of acid exposure (VAN WAARDE, VAN
DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART, VERHAGEN,
ERKELENS, WENDELAAR BONGA, ADDINK
AND LUGTENBURG) 154, 223
Magnesium transport across the intestine(VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK, POLAK
AND KOLAR) 152, 587
Oreohelix:Aestivation (REES AND HAND) 152, 77
Organic phosphates:Effect on fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND
WEBER) 149, 425
Orientation:In American and Italian pigeons
(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO AND
NOZZOLINI) 148, 235
Orthoptera:Evaporative cooling in grasshoppers
(PRANGE) 154, 463
Index of Subjects XXXIII
Oscillation:Of glial membrane potential (SCHOFIELD)
148, 335Oscillatory work:
By fish muscle (ALTRINGHAM ANDJOHNSTON) 151, 453
Osmoregulation:In a land crab (GREENAWAY, TAYLOR AND
MORRIS) 152, 505In Artemia salina (HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND
ROER) 151, 279In embryonic skates (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND
BLUM) 150, 449In Manduca sexta (DOW AND O'DONNELL)
150, 247Osteoglossomorph fish:
Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD ANDLAUDER) 154, 137
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND
LAUDER) 154, 137Ostracod:
Eye movements in Macrocypridinacastanea (LAND AND NILSSON) 148, 221
Partial pressure of, in carp gill (GLASS,ANDERSEN, KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS ANDHEISLER) 148, 1
Otala lactea:Metabolic control in aestivation (BROOKS
AND STOREY) 151, 193Regulation of pyruvate kinase (WHITWAM
AND STOREY) 154, 321Outgrowth:
Of axonal processes in the developing frogretina (FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Oxidation:Of sulphide by mitochondria in a bivalve
(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133Oxygen:
Chemosensitivity in the crab (SIMMERS ANDTRUCHOT) 148, 181
Oxygen affinity:Of carp methaemoglobin (JENSEN) 152,
149Oxygen binding:
By shrimp haemocyanin (SANDERS ANDCHILDRESS) 152, 167
By squid haemocyanin (PORTNER) 150, 407To gastropod haemocyanin (BRIX, CONDO,
COLOSIMO AND GIARDINA) 149, 417Oxygen consumption:
By an aestivating land snail (REES ANDHAND) 152, 77
By trout red cells after exercise (WOOD,WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1
During development in a frog (BURGGREN,INFANTINO AND TOWNSEND) 1 5 2 , 129
In hibernating bats (THOMAS, CLOUTIER ANDGAGNE) 149, 395
In little penguins (JOHANNESEN AND NICOL)154, 397
In swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS ANDWELLS) 154, 383
Of insects running uphill (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307
Oxygen transport:By crab haemolymph (LALLIER AND
WALSH) 154, 581
Oxygen uptake:By trout blood cells (NAGELKERKE,
PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339
Cutaneous, in bullfrogs (PINDER ANDFEDER) 154, 67
Oxygen-carrying capacity:Of fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND WEBER)
149, 425
Pachygrapsus marmoratus:Eye movements during walking (PAUL,
NALBACH AND VARJu) 1 5 4 , 8 1
Pacifastacus leniusculus:Effect of taurine on heart muscle fibres
(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255
Palaemon elegans:Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)
150, 145Palaemon longirostris:
Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)150, 145
Palaemonetes varians:Water permeability (CAMPBELL AND JONES)
150, 145Pandalus danae:
Mechanics of extensor muscle cells(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435
Pantodon buchholzi:Kinematics of feeding (SANFORD AND
LAUDER) 154, 137
Parabuteo unicinctus:Aerodynamics of gliding flight (TUCKER
AND HEINE) 149, 469Lift and power output in flight (MARDEN)
149, 511Profile drag coefficients (TUCKER) 149, 449
Parasite drag:Of a falcon (TUCKER) 149, 449
Parasphendale agrionina:Evasive flight manoeuvres (YAGER, MAY
AND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)152, 41
XXXIV Index of Subjects
Patch-clamp:Used to study acetylcholine channels
(PENNINGTON AND MARTIN) 1 5 4 , 201
Used to study ion channels in cockroachneurones (MAL£COT AND SATTELLE) 151,
495Used to study ion channels in locust
muscle (MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154,
45Used to study Na+ current in isolated
cockroach neurones (LAPIED, MALECOTAND PELHATE) 151, 387
Pattern generation:By locust forewing stretch receptors
(PEARSON AND RAMIREZ) 1 5 1 , 317Patterning:
Neuronal, in the developing frog retina(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Pectoral fin reflex:In the dogfish (PAUL AND ROBERTS) 148,
403Pedal neurones:
Role in the control of locomotion in asnail (DELIAGINA AND ORLOVSKY) 152, 405
Pelvis:Role in ventilation in the pigeon (BAUMEL,
WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263Penguin:
Oxygen extraction by (JOHANNESEN ANDNICOL) 154, 397
Pentose phosphate shunt:In trout red cells (WALSH, WOOD, THOMAS
AND PERRY) 154, 475
Peptide:FMRFamide in the C3 neurone of Helix
(BEWICK, COTTRELL AND PRICE) 1 4 8 , 201
Peptide sequences:For cardioactive peptides from Helix
aspersa (PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE AND
GREENBERG) 154, 421
Perca flavescens:Effect of temperature on heart muscle
(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Peregrine falcon:Body drag (TUCKER) 149, 449
Performance:Of ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,
GRANATA AND H U D L I C K A ) 1 5 2 , 2 6 5
Of swimming carp, effect of temperature(ROME, FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163
Pericyte:In the squid stellate ganglion (SANCHEZ,
NUNO, BUCHANAN AND AUGUSTINE) 152,369
Periplaneta americana:Control of cuticular water permeability
(CROGHAN AND N O B L E - N E S B I T T ) 1 4 9 , 505
Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 1 5 0 , 233
Current flow across the blood-brainbarrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY) 154, 371
Energetics of uphill running (FULL ANDTULLIS) 149, 307
GABA-activated chloride channels(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495
Oscillations of glial membrane potential(SCHOFIELD) 148, 335
Sodium current in isolated neurones(LAPIED, MAL£COT AND PELHATE) 151, 387
Permeability:Control of, in insect cuticle (CROGHAN AND
NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505
Of euryhaline prawns (CAMPBELL ANDJONES) 150, 145
pH:Effect on Oreochromis (WRIGHT, PERRY,
RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361
Extracellular, in hypercapnic toads andfrogs (TOEWS AND STIFFLER) 148, 293
Gradient across Manduca sexta midgut(DOW AND O'DONNELL) 150, 247
In midgut of Manduca sexta (CHAMBERLIN)150, 467
In the carp red cell (JENSEN) 152, 149Intracellular, in acid-exposed fish (VAN
WAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAARBONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 1 5 4 ,
223Intracellular, in mussel ABRM (ZANGE,
PORTNER, JANS AND GRIESHABER) 150 , 8 1
Intracellular, in trout red cells (NIKINMAA,TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154, 257
Intracellular, of squid haemocytes(HEMING, VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANI)
148, 385Intracellular, of toadfish hepatocytes
(WALSH) 148, 495
Of trout red blood cells (PLAYLE, MUNGERAND WOOD) 152, 353
Of water, effect on acidification of expiredwater in trout (LIN AND RANDALL) 149,149
Regulation in mussel catch muscle (ZANGE,GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150 , 95
Phagocytes:Oxygen uptake by (NAGELKERKE,
PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339
Index of Subjects xxxv
Philosamia cynthia:Leucine uptake in the midgut (SACCHI,
GIORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND
HANOZET) 149, 207
Phonotaxis:In flying crickets (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177
Phormia regina:Energy processing (HAINSWORTH, FISHER
AND PRECUP) 150, 257
Photoinactivation:Of barnacle interneurones (GWILLIAM AND
STUART) 151, 83
Photoreceptors:In crayfish (PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150,
111pH-stat:
Used to measure alkalization in eelintestine (ANDO AND SUBRAMANYAM) 150,381
Pigeon:Effects of intranasal anaesthetics
(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95
Homing in American and Italian pigeons(BENVENUTI, BROWN, GAGLIARDO AND
NOZZOUNI) 148, 235
Ventilatory movements of the pelvis(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263
Pike:Fast-start performance (HARPER AND
BLAKE) 150, 321
Pill bug:Stretch receptor organs (NIIDA, SADAKANE
AND YAMAGUCHl) 149, 515Pipistrellus pipistrellus:
Intermittent gliding flight (THOMAS, JONES,RAYNER AND HUGHES) 149, 407
Resting ventilation rate (HAYS, WEBB,FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 150, 443
Placentals:Arousal from hibernation (GEISER AND
BAUDINETTE) 151, 349
Planorbis corneus:Control of locomotion (DELIAGINA AND
ORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405
Plasticity:In the development of the mammalian
visual cortex (KALIL) 153, 261Of postsynaptic neurones (HAMORI) 153,
251Of synapses in the cerebellum (SOTELO)
153, 225Synaptic, in the mammalian visual cortex
(SINGER) 153, 177
Pleopods:Ventilatory cycling during water vapour
absorption (WRIGHT AND MACHIN) 154, 13
3IP-NMR:Used to study acid-base balance (VAN
WAARDE, VAN DIJK, VAN DEN THILLART,
VERHAGEN, ERKELENS, WENDELAAR
BONGA, ADDINK AND LUGTENBURG) 154,223
Polar curve:For falcon flight (TUCKER) 149, 449For hawk flight (TUCKER AND HEINE) 149,
469Porcellio scaber:
Absorption of water vapour (WRIGHT ANDMACHIN) 154, 13
Portunus xantusii:Luminescent flash avoidance (GROBER) 148,
415, 427Potassium:
Release from carp red cells (JENSEN) 152,149
Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367
Transport across Manduca sexta midgut(DOW AND O'DONNELL) 150, 247
Uptake across the gills of rainbow trout(GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549
Uptake in bivalves (DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150,395
Potassium channel:In cultured locust muscle (MILLER AND
USHERWOOD) 154, 45In growth cones of Helix neurones (GREEN,
POWELL AND C O T T R E L L ) 1 4 9 , 78
In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,405
Potassium currents:In Drosophila muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152,
59Potential:
In insect flight muscle (GOLLER AND ESCH)150, 221
Power:Of flying birds (MARDEN) 149, 511Output of moth flight muscle (STEVENSON
AND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61Output of muscle in swimming fish
(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395Requirements for bumblebee flight
(DUDLEY AND ELLINGTON) 148, 53Praying mantis:
Coordination of strike movements(CORRETTE) 148, 147
Evasive flight manoeuvres (YAGER, MAYAND FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY)
152, 41Predictability:
Of jaw muscle activity in cats (GANS,GORNIAK AND MORGAN) 1 5 1 , 1
XXXVI Index of Subjects
Prestretch:Effect on muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST
AND HUIJING) 154, 121Effect on work output of rat muscle
(ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGEN SCHENAUAND DE HAAN) 152, 333
Prey capture:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND
KRAL) 148, 353
In the praying mantis (CORRETTE) 148, 147Proboscis:
Taste sensitivity in Sarcophaga (MITCHELL,SMITH, ALBERT AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Proboscis muscle:Of a mollusc, calcium utilization (BROOKS,
HUDDART, LENNARD AND HILL) 149, 379
Procambarus clarkii:Directional sensitivity of the equilibrium
system (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 152,305
Dual motor output interneurones(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269
Identified nonspiking interneurones (TOGA,TAKAHATA AND HISADA) 148, 477
Inhibition of escape (BEALL, LANGLEY AND
EDWARDS) 152, 577
Modulation of retinal sensitivity(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FRIXIONE, PICONESAND RODRfGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123
Moulting (WHEATLY AND IGNASZEWSKl)151, 469
Properties of retinal photoreceptors(PICONES AND ARECHIGA) 150, 111
Uropod proprioceptors (FIELD, NEWLANDAND HISADA) 154, 179
Vibration-sensitive statocyst interneurone(NAKAGAWA AND HISADA) 149, 361
Proctolin:A modulator of crustacean stretch
receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)152, 485
Proline:Transport by starfish pyloric caeca
(AHEARN) 150, 453Proprioceptor:
In the locust forewing (PEARSON ANDRAMIREZ) 151, 317
On crayfish uropods (FIELD, NEWLAND ANDHISADA) 154, 179
Pycnopodia helianthoides:Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca
(AHEARN) 150, 453Pyloric caeca:
Of starfish, proline transport (AHEARN)150, 453
Pyruvate kinase:Regulation of, in a snail (WHITWAM AND
STOREY) 154, 321
Quinidine:Used to block K+ currents in Drosophila
muscle (SINGH AND WU) 152, 59Quisqualate:
Initiates leech swimming (BRODFUEHRERAND COHEN) 154, 567
Radar:Used to measure ventilation rate in a bat
(HAYS, WEBB, FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN)150, 443
Radioimmunoassay:Used to measure distribution of
neuropeptides in the locust (ROBB ANDEVANS) 149, 335
Rainbow trout:Acidification of expired water (LIN AND
RANDALL) 149, 149Chloride uptake (BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148,
489Control of red cell metabolism (WOOD,
WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 491Effect of catecholamines on respiration
(AOTA, HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER ANDRANDALL) 151, 57
Effects of catecholamines on respiration(PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353
Fast-start performance (HARPER ANDBLAKE) 150, 321
Ion fluxes across the gills (GOSS ANDWOOD) 152, 521, 549
Red blood cell metabolism (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154, 475
Role of the spleen (WELLS AND WEBER)150, 461
Raja eglanteria:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic
heart (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449
Ram ventilation:In tuna (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER, BUSHNELL
AND HEIEIS) 149, 491Ram-gill ventilation:
In swimming sharks (GRAHAM, DEWAR, LAI,LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175
Rana catesbeiana:Autonomic control of cutaneous vascular
resistance (MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND
STIFFLER) 148, 293Cutaneous gas exchange (PINDER AND
FEDER) 154, 67
Index of Subjects XXXVII
Rana pipiens:Mechanism of ventilation (VITALIS AND
SHELTON) 154, 537
Rat:Effect of prestretch on muscle work
O u t p u t (ETTEMA, HUIJING, VAN 1NGEN
SCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152 , 3 3 3
Role of series elastic structures in musclework (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST AND HUIJING)
154, 121Receptor:
For acetylcholine in a cockroach motorneurone (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21
For octopamine on cricket muscle (O'GARAAND DREWES) 149, 161
Recruitment:Of crustacean synapses (ATWOOD AND
GOVIND) 153, 105
Red blood cell:Control of metabolism, in trout (WOOD,
WALSH, THOMAS AND PERRY) 1 5 4 , 4 9 1
Metabolism of, in trout (WALSH, WOOD,THOMAS AND PERRY) 154 , 475
Of trout, adrenergic control of pH(NIKINMAA, THHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257
Transport of amino acids in hagfish(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355. 154, 257
Red blood cells:Effects of catecholamines in trout (PLAYLE,
MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353Function in carp (JENSEN) 152, 149
Re-development:Of leech synapses (ZHANG, ZHU, WANG,
ZHANG AND zou) 153, 47
Reflectance basking:In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31
Reflex response:To hypoxia in catfish (BURLESON AND
SMATRESK) 154, 407
Regeneration:Of appendages in moulting firebrats (BUCK
AND EDWARDS) 1 5 1 , 341
Of retinal ganglion cell axons (AGUAYO,BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZW1MPFER, CARTER AND
VIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199Respiration:
Air-sac function in the chicken(BRACKENBURY AND AMAKU) 152, 93
Fictive, in the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR AND
SAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71In Rana pipiens (VITALIS AND SHELTON)
154, 537
In trout, effect of catecholamines (AOTA,HOLMGREN, GALLAUGHER AND RANDALL)
151, 57Measured in resting bats (HAYS, WEBB,
FRENCH AND SPEAKMAN) 150 , 443
Ventilatory movements in the pigeon(BAUMEL, WILSON AND BERGREN) 151, 263
Respiratory burst:In trout blood cells (NAGELKERKE,
PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND SECOMBES) 1 5 4 ,339
Respiratory exchange ratio:In trout red cells (PLAYLE, MUNGER AND
WOOD) 152, 353Responses:
Of a crab to luminescent flashes (GROBER)148, 415, 427
Resting potential:In an identified cockroach neurone (DAVID
AND SATTELLE) 151, 21Retina:
Synaptogenesis after axotomy (AGUAYO,BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER, CARTER ANDVIDAL-SANZ) 153, 199
Topographic cell map (TRISLER) 153, 11Retinal sensitivity:
Modulation of, in crayfish (ARF.CHIGA,BANUELOS, FR1XIONE, PICONES ANDRODRI'GUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123
Retinogeniculate pathway:Development of (so, CAMPBELL AND
LIEBERMAN) 153, 85Retzius cell:
Mapping of ion channels (GARCJA,GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND
REUTER) 1 5 0 , 1
Synaptic development in the leech(ZHANG, ZHU, WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU)
153, 47Rhythmic bursting:
Of Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD, PARSONS,RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG AND OBAID)154, 237
Rock lobster:Sensory influences on locomotion (MULLER
AND CLARAC) 148, 89, 113Root effect:
In fish haemoglobins (PELSTER AND WEBER)149, 425
Rubidium:Uptake in bivalves (DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150,
395Running:
Mechanics of, in the cockroach (FULL ANDTU) 148, 129
Rutilus rutilus:Swimming energetics (KAUFMANN) 150, 343
XXXVIII Index of Subjects
Salinity:Effect on permeability of euryhaline
prawns (CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145Salmo gairdneri:
Acidification of expired water (LIN ANDRANDALL) 149, 149
Adrenergic control of red cell pH(NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257
Chloride uptake (BATTRAM AND EDDY) 148,489
Effect of sprint training on musclemetabolism (PEARSON, SPRIET ANDSTEVENS) 149, 45
Effects of catecholamines on respiration(PLAYLE, MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353
Fast-start performance (HARPER ANDBLAKE) 150, 321
N a + / H + exchange in erythrocytes(COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148, 303
Role of the spleen (WELLS AND WEBER)150, 461
Thresholds for directional hearing(SCHELLART AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Transport of glucose by erythrocytes (TSEAND YOUNG) 148, 367
Salmon:Surface area-metabolism relationships
(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1Sampling rate:
Effect on analysis of electromyograms(JAYNE, LAUDER, REILLY ANDWAINWRIGHT) 154, 557
Sarcomere length:In swimming carp (ROME, FUNKE AND
ALEXANDER) 154, 163Sarcophaga bullata:
Coding mechanism for gustatory sensilla(MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT ANDWHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Scales:Loss of, effect on moulting in firebrats
(BUCK AND EDWARDS) 151, 341Scaling:
Of ATP-supplying enzymes in fish muscle(SOMERO AND CH1LDRESS) 149, 319
Of moment of inertia of bird wings(KIRKPATRICK) 151, 489
Of muscle function in cod (ALTRINGHAMAND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Of respiratory surfaces in salmon(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1
Schistocerca gregaria:Buffering of haemolymph (HARRISON,
WONG AND PHILLIPS) 154, 573Distribution of FMRFamide-like peptides
(ROBB AND EVANS) 149, 335
Potassium channels in cultured muscle(MILLER AND USHERWOOD) 154, 45
Schistocerca nitens:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463
Scope for activity:In fish larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343
SCP:And related peptides from Helix aspersa
(PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE ANDGREENBERG)154, 421
Scyliorhinus canicula:Spinal neuronal activity during the
pectoral fin reflex (PAUL AND ROBERTS)148, 403
Sea urchin:Control of beat frequency of flagella
(ESHEL, SHINGYOJI, YOSHIMURA, GIBBONS,GIBBONS AND TAKAHASHL) 152 , 4 4 1
Semibalanus cariosus:Projection interneurones (GWILLIAM AND
STUART) 151, 83
Sensory feedback:Role in walking in the rock lobster
(MULLER AND CLARAC) 148, 89
Sensory neurone:Synapse development (FRANK AND
MENDELSON) 153, 71
Sepioteuthis lessoniana:Intracellular pH of haemocytes (HEMING,
VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148, 385Septal nuclei:
Ratio of spine to shaft synapses (RAISMANAND FIELD) 153, 277
Series elastic components:Role in muscle work (ETTEMA, VAN SOEST
AND HUUING) 154, 121
Serotonin:A modulator of crustacean stretch
receptors (PASZTOR AND MACMILLAN)
152, 485Effect on intracellular pH in mussel
A B R M (ZANGE, PORTNER, JANS AND
GRIESHABER) 150, 81
Effect on ion exchange in mussel ABRM(ZANGE, GRIESHABER AND JANS) 150, 95
In the brain of anoxic carp (NILSSON) 150,295
Role in modulation of crayfish retinalsensitivity (ARECHIGA, BANUELOS,FRIXIONE, PICONES AND RODRIGUEZ-SOSA)
150, 123Shaker:
Potassium currents in a Drosophila mutant(SINGH AND wu) 152, 59
Index of Subjects xxxix
Shark:Blood gas transport (LAI, GRAHAM AND
BURNETT) 151, 161
Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175
Short-circuit current:Across caterpillar midgut (CHAMBERLIN)
150, 425Shortening velocity:
In barnacle striated muscle (IWAMOTO,MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl) 1 4 8 , 2 8 1
Shrimp:Mechanics of extensor muscle cells
(MEYHOFER AND DANIEL) 151, 435
Respiratory function of haemocyanin(SANDERS AND CHILDRESS) 1 5 2 , 167
Single-channel recording:From dissociated cockroach neurones
(MALECOT AND SATTELLE) 151, 495
Skate:Accumulation of taurine in embryonic
heart (GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 150,449
Skin:Vascular perfusion of, in the bullfrog
(MALVIN AND RIEDEL) 152, 425
Skinned fibre:From crayfish muscle, effect of taurine
(GALLER, HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152, 255
Skipjack tuna:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HE1E1S) 149 , 4 9 1
Slowpoke:Potassium currents in a Drosophila mutant
(SINGH AND WU) 152, 59
Smailmouth bass:Effect of temperature on heart muscle
(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Snail:Aestivation in Otala lactea (BROOKS AND
STOREY) 151, 193
Aestivation (REES AND HAND) 152, 77
Calcium channels in heart ventricle cells(BREZDEN AND GARDNER) 150, 187
Cardioactive peptides from Helix aspersa(PRICE, LESSER, LEE, DOBLE AND
GREENBERG) 154, 421
Control of locomotion (DELIAGINA ANDORLOVSKY) 152, 389, 405
Regulation of pyruvate kinase (WHITWAMAND STOREY) 154, 321
Soda lake:Effect of water on Oreochromis (WRIGHT,
PERRY, RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN)
151, 361
Sodium:Effect on magnesium transport across fish
intestine (VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK,
POLAK AND KOLAR) 152, 587
Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367
Uptake across the gills of rainbow trout(GOSS AND WOOD) 152, 521, 549
Uptake by perfused crab gill (BURNETT ANDTOWLE) 149, 293
Sodium channel:In lizard nodal membranes (BENOIT) 151,
405In the membrane of Noctiluca miliaris
(OAMI, NAITOH AND SIBAOKA) 150, 473
Sodium chloride:Transport in Anemia salina (HOLLIDAY,
ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279Sodium current:
In isolated cockroach neurones (LAPIED,MAL£COT AND PELHATE) 151, 387
Sodium/proton exchange:In trout erythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY)
148, 303In trout red cells (NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND
PAAJASTE) 154, 257
Soldier crab:Escape reaction (NALBACH) 148, 483
Solemya reidi:Mitochondrial sulphide oxidation (O'BRIEN
AND VETTER) 149, 133
Sound:Production of, in a cicada (YOUNG) 151, 41
Specificity:Neuronal, in the developing frog retina
(FRASER AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Of synaptic connections (FRANK ANDMENDELSON) 153, 71
Spinal circuit:In the dogfish pectoral fin reflex (PAUL
AND ROBERTS) 148, 403Spinal reflexes:
In the CNS of the newborn opossum(NICHOLLS, STEWART, ERULKAR ANDSAUNDERS) 1 5 2 , 1
Spleen:Role in exercised trout (WELLS AND
WEBER) 150, 461
Sprint training:Effect on trout muscle metabolism
(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 1 4 9 , 4 5Squalus acanthias:
Role of magnetic statoconia (HANSON,WESTERBERG AND O B L A D ) 1 5 1 , 205
XL Index of Subjects
Squid:Contractions of the stellate ganglion
(SANCHEZ, NUNO, BUCHANAN ANDAUGUSTINE) 152, 369
Effect of pH on haemocyanin (PORTNER)150, 407
Intracellular pH of haemocytes (HEMING,VANOYE, BROWN AND BIDANl) 148, 385
Stamina:In trout, effect of training (PEARSON, SPRIET
AND STEVENS) 149, 45Starfish:
Proline transport by starfish pyloric caeca(AHEARN) 150, 453
Statoconia:Magnetic, role in the dogfish (HANSON,
WESTERBERG AND OBLAD) 151, 205
Statocyst interneurone:In the crayfish (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA)
149, 361Steering:
By flying locusts (HENSLER AND ROWELL)149, 191
In flying crickets (MAY AND HOY) 151, 485In flying locusts (WOLF) 150, 55In the flying locust (BAADER) 151, 109
Stereology:Of aerobic muscle in antarctic fish
(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205Stick insect:
Nonspiking interneurones in a joint-control loop (BUSCHGES) 151, 133
Stimulation:Effect on ischaemic rat slow muscles
(CORSI, GRANATA AND HUDLICKA) 152,265
Of rat muscle, effect of prestretch on workOutput (ETTEMA, HUIJ1NG, VAN INGENSCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152, 333
Stomatogastric ganglion:Culture of neurones (GRAF AND COOKE)
149, 521Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313
Storage:Of food energy in blowflies (HAINSWORTH,
FISHER AND PRECUP) 150, 257
Strand receptor:Innervation of, in the locust (BRAUNIG)
148, 313Stretch receptor:
In an isopod (NHDA, SADAKANE ANDYAMAGUCHI) 149, 515
In the locust forewing (PEARSON ANDRAMIREZ) 151, 317
Modulation by octopamine in the locust(RAMIREZ AND ORCHARD) 149, 255
Sulphide:Oxidation by Solemya reidi mitochondria
(O'BRIEN AND VETTER) 149, 133Surface area:
Cutaneous and branchial, in salmon(ROMBOUGH AND MOROZ) 154, 1
Surface tension:Role in adhesion by aphids (DIXON,
CROGHAN AND GOWING) 152, 243
Survival:Of Drosophila melanogaster at low
temperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245Swimmeret:
Activation of motor output in crayfish(MURCHISON AND LARIMER) 150, 269
Swimming:Effect of temperature on carp (ROME,
FUNKE AND ALEXANDER) 154, 163
Effect on blood gas transport in the shark(LAI, GRAHAM AND BURNETT) 151, 161
Energetics of, in fish larvae (KAUFMANN)150, 343
Energetics of, in Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS
AND WELLS) 154, 383Fast-start performance in trout and pike
(HARPER AND BLAKE) 150, 321Fish muscle power output (ALTRINGHAM
AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395
Initiation of, in the leech (BRODFUEHRER
AND COHEN) 154, 567
Of sharks in a water tunnel (GRAHAM,DEWAR, LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175
Scaling effects on muscle function(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 151, 453
Scaling of ATP-supplying enzymes in fishmuscle (SOMERO AND CHILDRESS) 149,319
Swimming speed:In a teleost adapted to an extremely
alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 151, 361
Symbiosis:In a gutless mollusc (O'BRIEN AND VETTER)
149, 133Synapse:
Between motion-detecting neurones inlocust (RIND) 149, 21
Chemical, between cultured leechneurones (NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON ANDKUFFLER) 153, 141
Electrical, between cultured leechneurones (NICHOLLS, LIU, PAYTON AND
KUFFLER) 153, 141
Formation in the cerebellum of mutantmice (SOTELO) 153, 225
Index of Subjects xuRe-development of, in the leech (ZHANG,
ZHU, WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 1 5 3 , 47
Regeneration of (HAMORI) 153, 251Regulation of, in crustacean neurones
(ATWOOD AND GOVIND) 153, 105
Role of agrin in formation (MAGILL-SOLCAND MCMAHAN) 153, 1
Transient, in the developingretinogeniculate pathway (so, CAMPBELLAND LIEBERMAN) 153, 85
Synaptic connections:Specificity of (FRANK AND MENDELSON) 153,
71Synaptic plasticity:
In the mammalian visual cortex (SINGER)153, 177
Synaptogenesis:After deafferentation (KAWAMURA, MURASE
AND YUASA) 153, 289
By cultured Aplysia neurones (KLEINFELD,PARSONS, RACCUIA-BEHLING, SALZBERG
AND OBAID) 154, 237
By regenerating mammalian axons(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER,
CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 153 , 199
In the adult rat brain (RAISMAN AND FIELD)153, 277
In the mammalian central visual pathway(KALIL) 153, 261
Systellapsis debilis:Haemocyanin function (SANDERS AND
CHILDRESS) 152, 167
Tail muscles:Role in ventilation in the pigeon (BAUMEL,
WILSON AND BERGREN) 1 5 1 , 263
Tailflip:Inhibition of, in a crayfish (BEALL,
LANGLEY AND EDWARDS) 152 , 577
Taste:In the fleshfly (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT
AND WHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Taurine:Accumulation in embryonic skate heart
(GOLDSTEIN, LUER AND BLUM) 1 5 0 , 449
Effects on skinned muscle fibres (GALLER,HUTZLER AND HALLER) 152 , 255
Teeth:Iron-rich, in the butterflyfish (SPARKS,
MOTTA, SHELLIS, WADE AND MANN) 1 5 1 ,371
Teleogryllus commodus:Cost of terrestrial locomotion (FULL,
ZUCCARELLO AND TULLIS) 150, 2 3 3
Teleogryllus oceanic us:Leg-induced steering in flight (MAY AND
HOY) 151, 485Modulation of muscle by octopamine
(O'GARA AND DREWES) 149, 161
Ultrasound-induced yaw movements inflight (MAY AND HOY) 149, 177
Temperature:Effect of acclimation on carp nerve
(HARPER, WATT, HANCOCK AND
MACDONALD) 154, 305
Effect on arousal from hibernation (GEISERAND BAUDINETTE) 151, 349
Effect on cardiac vagal action in the toad(COURTICE) 149, 439
Effect on fish heart muscle (BAILEY ANDDRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Effect on muscle in carp (ROME, FUNKEAND ALEXANDER) 1 5 4 , 163
Effect on muscle recruitment in a lizard(JAYNE, BENNETT AND LAUDER) 1 5 2 , 101
Effect on N a + / H + exchange in trouterythrocytes (COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148,
303Effect on oxygen binding of gastropod
haemocyanin (BRIX, COND6, COLOSIMO
AND GIARDINA) 149, 417
Effect on permeability of euryhalineprawns (CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145
Effect on power output of moth flightmuscle (STEVENSON AND JOSEPHSON) 149,
61Effect on ventilation in carp (GLASS,
ANDERSEN, KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND
HEISLER) 1 4 8 , 1
Effect on ventilation in honeybees(LIGHTON AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509
Of chill-coma in insect flight muscle(GOLLER AND ESCH) 150, 221
Tenodera aridifolia sinensis:Coordination of strike movements
(CORRETTE) 148, 147
Tetraclita squamosa:Force maintenance in striated muscle
(iWAMOTO, MURAOKA, GOTO AND SUGl)
148, 281Tetrodotoxin:
Effect on development of the mammalianvisual cortex (KALIL) 153, 261
Thalamus:Plasticity of postsynaptic neurones
(HAMORI) 153, 251
Thermal shock:Effect on survival of Drosophila at low
temperature (CZAJKA AND LEE) 148, 245
XLII Index of Subjects
Thermobia domestica:Instar duration (BUCK AND, EDWARDS) 151,
341Thermoregulation:
In butterflies (HEINRICH) 154, 31
In grasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463
Threshold:For directional hearing in fish (SCHELLART
AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Thunnus albacares:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIE1S) 149, 491
Tilapia:Magnesium transport across the intestine
(VAN DER VELDEN, GROOT, FLIK, POLAK
AND KOLAR) 152, 587
Tissue culture:Of leech Retzius cells (GARCIA,
GRUMBACHER-REINERT, BOOKMAN AND
REUTER) 150, 1
Tmethis pulchripennis:Evaporative cooling (PRANGE) 154, 463
Toad:Compensation of hypercapnia (TOEWS AND
STIFFLER) 148, 293
Effect of temperature on cardiac vagalaction (COURTICE) 149, 439
Toadfish:Accumulation of Hepes in hepatocytes
(WALSH) 148, 495
Tobacco horn worm:Alkalization of midgut lumen
(CHAMBERLIN) 150, 467
Ion transport across midgut (CHAMBERLIN)150, 425
Tongue-bite apparatus:Role in fish feeding (SANFORD AND
LAUDER) 154, 137
Tonic response:Of an isopod stretch receptor (NIIDA,
SADAKANE AND YAMAGUCHl) 149, 515
Topographic gradient:Of cell surface proteins (TRISLER) 153, 11
Torpor:Arousal from (GEISER AND BAUDINETTE)
151, 349Training:
Effect on trout muscle metabolism(PEARSON, SPRIET AND STEVENS) 149, 45
Transmitters:In the monkey visual cortex (JONES) 153,
155
Transplantation:Of embryonic brain tissue (RAISMAN AND
FIELD) 153, 277
Of nervous tissue in adult rodents(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASM1NSKY, ZWIMPFER,
CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 1 5 3 , 199
Of rat brain tissue (KAWAMURA, MURASE
AND YUASA) 153, 289
Transport:Of agrin-like molecules in motor neurones
(MAGILL-SOLC AND MCMAHAN) 153, 1Of amino acids in hagfish red cells
(FINCHAM, WOLOWYCK AND YOUNG) 154,355
Of glucose, by fish erythrocytes (TSE ANDYOUNG) 148, 367
Of leucine, by insect midgut (SACCHI,GIORDANA, CAMPAN1NI, BONFANTI AND
HANOZET) 149, 207
Of potassium and rubidium by bivalves(DIETZ AND BYRNE) 150, 395
Of proline by starfish pyloric caeca(AHEARN) 150, 453
Of sodium chloride in Anemia salina(HOLLIDAY, ROYE AND ROER) 151, 279
Trematomus newnesi:Ultrastructure of aerobic muscle
(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205
Triakis semifasciata:Blood gas transport (LAI, GRAHAM AND
BURNETT) 151, 161
Swimming performance (GRAHAM, DEWAR,
LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 1 5 1 , 175
Trout:Adrenergic control of red cell pH
(NIKINMAA, TIIHONEN AND PAAJASTE) 154,257
Effect of sprint training on musclemetabolism (PEARSON, SPRIET AND
STEVENS) 149, 45
N a + / H + exchange in erythrocytes(COSSINS AND KILBEY) 148, 303
Oxygen uptake by phagocytes(NAGELKERKE, PANNEVIS, HOULIHAN AND
SECOMBES) 154, 339
Thresholds for directional hearing(SCHELLART AND BUWALDA) 149, 113
Tunnel respirometer:Used to measure cost of swimming in fish
larvae (KAUFMANN) 150, 343
Turning:Induced by ultrasound in flying crickets
(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177Tympanum:
Role in sound production in a cicada(YOUNG) 151, 41
Index of Subjects XL1U
Ultrasonic hearing:In a praying mantis (YAGER, MAY AND
FENTON) 152, 17; (YAGER AND MAY) 152,41
Ultrasonic telemetering:Of swimming Nautilus (O'DOR, WELLS AND
WELLS) 154, 383Ultrasound:
Effect on flying crickets (MAY AND HOY)149, 177
Steering responses of flying crickets (MAYAND HOY) 151, 485
Ultrastructure:Of aerobic muscle in antarctic fish
(LONDRAVILLE AND SIDELL) 150, 205Of ischaemic rat slow muscles (CORSI,
GRANATA AND H U D L I C K A ) 1 5 2 , 265
Unionid:Potassium and rubidium uptake (DIETZ
AND BYRNE) 150, 395Urate:
No accumulation in the haemolymph ofexercised crabs (LALLIER AND WALSH)154, 581
Urea excretion:In a teleost adapted to an extremely
alkaline environment (WRIGHT, PERRY,RANDALL, WOOD AND BERGMAN) 1 5 1 , 361
Urine:Formation of, in a land crab (GREENAWAY,
TAYLOR AND MORRIS) 1 5 2 , 505
Production of, in Octopus (WELLS ANDWELLS) 152, 583
Uropod:Proprioceptors in crayfish (FIELD,
NEWLAND AND HISADA) 1 5 4 , 179
Vagus nerve:Effect of section on hypoxic reflexes in
catfish (BURLESON AND SMATRESK) 154,407
Effect on toad heart (COURTICE) 149, 439Varanus exanthematicus:
Speed, temperature and musclerecruitment (JAYNE, BENNETT AND
LAUDER) 152, 101
Variance:A coding mechanism for fly gustatory
sensilla (MITCHELL, SMITH, ALBERT AND
WHITEHEAD) 150, 19
Vascular pressure:In a swimming shark (LAI, GRAHAM AND
BURNETT) 151, 161
Ventilation:Control of, in the crab (DICAPRIO) 154, 519Discontinuous, in honeybees (LIGHTON
AND LOVEGROVE) 154, 509
During evaporative cooling ingrasshoppers (PRANGE) 154, 463
Effects of catecholamines in trout (PLAYLE,MUNGER AND WOOD) 152, 353
In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71In cold-exposed penguins (JOHANNESEN
AND NICOL) 154, 397
Mechanism of, in Rana pipiens (VITALISAND SHELTON) 154, 537
Of gills, in carp (GLASS, ANDERSEN,KRUH0FFER, WILLIAMS AND HEISLER) 148 ,1
Rate in resting bats (HAYS, WEBB, FRENCHAND SPEAKMAN) 150, 443
Ventilation volume:Of swimming tunas (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149 , 4 9 1
Ventilatory muscles:In the pigeon (BAUMEL, WILSON AND
BERGREN) 151, 263
Vibrating probe:Used to study current flow across an insect
blood-brain barrier (SMITH AND SHIPLEY)154, 371
Vibration reception:In the crayfish (NAKAGAWA AND HISADA)
149, 361Visceral nervous system:
Of the locust (BRAUNIG) 148, 313Viscosity:
Of shrimp muscle cells (MEYHOFER ANDDANIEL) 151, 435
Vision:Edge fixation in walking flies (OSORIO,
SRINIVASAN AND PINTER) 149 , 281
In a deep-sea ostracod (LAND ANDNILSSON) 148, 221
Modulation of retinal sensitivity in crayfish(ARECHIGA, BANUELOS, FRIXIONE, PICONESAND RODRfGUEZ-SOSA) 150, 123
Of Apis mellifera (IBBOTSON ANDGOODMAN) 148, 255
Properties of crayfish retinalphotoreceptors (PICONES AND ARECHIGA)
150, 111Visual cortex:
Formation of cooperative cell assemblies(SINGER) 153, 177
Influence of action potentials ondevelopment (KALIL) 153, 261
Role of afferent activity in function(JONES) 153, 155
Visual field:In Mantispa styriaca (EGGENREICH AND
KRAL) 148, 353
XLIV Index of Subjects
Visual flow field:In walking crabs (BARNES) 154, 99In walking crabs (PAUL, NALBACH AND
VARJU) 154, 81Visual reflex:
In the pigeon, effect of local anaesthetics(DORNFELDT AND BILO) 149, 95
Visual system:Development of (so, CAMPBELL AND
LIEBERMAN) 153, 85Mammalian, synaptogenesis after axotomy
(AGUAYO, BRAY, RASMINSKY, ZWIMPFER,CARTER AND VIDAL-SANZ) 1 5 3 , 199
Motion detection in locust brain (RIND)149, 1, 21
Of a crab (ZEIL) 152, 573The shadow reflex in the barnacle
(GWILLIAM AND STUART) 151, 83Voltage-clamp:
Used to study ion channels in a cockroachneurone (DAVID AND SATTELLE) 151, 21
Used to study Na+ current in isolatedcockroach neurones (LAPIED, MALECOTAND PELHATE) 151, 387
Walking:Activity of common inhibitor
motoneurones in locusts (WOLF) 152, 281Backward, in a crayfish (BEALL, LANGLEY
AND EDWARDS) 152, 577In the rock lobster (MULLER AND CLARAC)
148, 89, 113Role of hypaxial muscles in a lizard
(CARRIER) 152, 453Water:
Absorption of vapour, by isopods (WRIGHTAND MACHIN) 154, 13
Permeability of euryhaline prawns(CAMPBELL AND JONES) 150, 145
Permeability to, of insect cuticle (CROGHANAND NOBLE-NESBITT) 149, 505
Transport across eel intestine (ANDO) 150,367.
Water activity:Threshold for vapour absorption (WRIGHT
AND MACHIN) 154, 13Water balance:
In Octopus (WELLS AND WELLS) 152, 583Water loss:
In a desert ant (LIGHTON) 151, 71Water tunnel:
Used to study shark swimming (GRAHAM,DEWAR, LAI, LOWELL AND ARCE) 151, 175
White noise analysis:By fly campaniform sensilla (DICKINSON)
151, 219Whitmania pigra:
Development of synapses (ZHANG, ZHU,WANG, ZHANG AND ZOU) 153, 47
Windkessel model:For pressure changes in the circulatory
system of an octopus (SHADWICK ANDNILSSON) 152, 471
Wing:Encoding properties of fly campaniform
sensilla (DICKINSON) 151, 219, 245Moment of inertia, in birds (KIRKPATRICK)
151, 489Morphology of, in bumblebees (DUDLEY
AND ELLINGTON) 148, 19Work:
Effect of prestretch on output of ratmuscle (ETTEMA, HUUING, VAN INGENSCHENAU AND DE HAAN) 152, 333
Enhancement of in rat muscle (ETTEMA,VAN SOEST AND HUUING) 154, 121
Oscillatory, in muscle of swimming fish(ALTRINGHAM AND JOHNSTON) 148, 395
Output of moth flight muscle (STEVENSONAND JOSEPHSON) 149, 61
Partitioning of, in limb-loaded dogs(STEUDEL) 154, 287
Xenopus:Neuromuscular junction (FENG AND DAI)
153, 129Patterning of nerve connections (FRASER
AND O'ROURKE) 153, 61
Xenopus laevis:Effect of magnetic fields on gravity
reception (LEUCHT) 148, 325
Xylocaine:Effect on homing pigeons (DORNFELDT AND
BILO) 149, 95
Yaw:Induced by ultrasound in flying crickets
(MAY AND HOY) 149, 177Yellow perch:
Effect of temperature on heart muscle(BAILEY AND DRIEDZIC) 149, 239
Yellowfin tuna:Ventilation volume (JONES, BRILL, BUTLER,
BUSHNELL AND HEIEIS) 149, 491
Information about the journal
AH communications should be addressed to the Editor,The Journal of Experimental Biology, Department of Zoology,Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
Experiments on living animalsThe Editorial Board will not allow the publication of papers describing experimental procedures which
may reasonably be presumed to have inflicted unnecessary pain, discomfort, or disturbance of normal healthon living animals. Manuscripts will only be accepted if:
1 it is clear that the advances made in physiological knowledge justified the procedures;2 appropriate anaesthetic and surgical procedures were followed;3 adequate steps were taken to ensure that animals did not suffer unnecessarily at any stage of the
experiment.Papers on vertebrates will be accepted only if the experiments comply with the legal requirements in the
UK (see Handbook for the Animal Licence Holder - Institute of Biology; Notes on the Law Relating toExperiments on Animals in Great Britain - Research Defence Society; UFAW Handbook on the Care andManagement of Laboratory Animals) or Federal Legislation and the National Institutes of HealthGuidelines in the USA. Department of Health Education and Welfare Publication No. NIH 78-23 (1978).
SubscriptionsThe Journal of Experimental Biology (ISSN 0022-0949) is published as seven volumes a year in January,
March, May, July, September, October and November. The subscription price of volumes 148-154 (1990) isUSA and Canada US $725.00, Japan £445.00, rest of the world £400.00 per annum, payable in advance;postage is included. There are reduced subscriptions for individual use (£55, $80). Orders for 1990, whichcan be in £ Sterling/Dollars or Access/Visa credit cards, should be sent to The Biochemical Society BookDepot, PO Box 32, Commerce Way, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK or to your normal agent or bookseller.Copies of the journal for subscribers in the USA and Canada are sent by air to New Jersey to arrive withminimum, delay. Second class postage paid at Rahway, NJ, and at additional mailing offices.Postmaster, send address corrections to: The Journal of Experimental Biology, c/o Mercury AirfreightInternational Inc., 2323 Randolph Avenue, Avenel, New Jersey 07001, USA (US Mailing Agent).Claims for missing parts can only be considered if made immediately upon receipt of the subsequent issue.Back volumes. Please contact The Biochemical Society Book Depot (see above) for prices.Index. An annual index will appear in the last volume each year.
Copyright and reproductionAuthors may make copies of their own papers in this journal without seeking permission from The
Company of Biologists Limited, provided that such copies are for free distribution only: they must not be sold.Authors may re-use their own illustrations in other publications appearing under their own name, without
seeking permission.Specific permission will not be required for photocopying copyright material in the following circum-
stances.1 For private study, provided the copying is done by the person requiring its use, or by an employee of the
institution to which he/she belongs, without charge beyond the actual cost of copying.2 For the production of multiple copies of such material, to be used for bonafide educational purposes,
provided this is done by a member of the staff of the university, school or other comparable institution,for distribution without profit to student members of that institution provided the copy is made from theoriginal journal.
For all other matters relating to the reproduction of copyright material written application must be madeto Dr R. J. Skaer, Company Secretary, The Company of Biologists Limited, Department of Zoology,Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Information for contributors
StylePapers should be as concise as possible, be written in English (spelling as in Oxford English Dictionary or
Webster's Dictionary), and use SI units.
SubmissionsPlease enclose three copies of the text, one set of original illustrations and three sets of copy figures.
Text (including tables, references and figure legends)The text must be typewritten, in double-spacing, with numbered pages. The title page must include the
address(es) where the work was carried out, a page heading of up to 40 characters, and three or more keywords. Where applicable, the present address and address for correspondence should also be given. ASummary must be the first section of the ms, stating as briefly as possible (typically 150-200 words) theresults and conclusions of the work. Each table must be on a separate page. Figure legends must be in a singleseries at the end of the ms. References must be listed alphabetically. The titles of journals should beabbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals, 4th edn (1963), and should be presented asfollows:BRINES, M. L. AND GOULD, J. L. (1982). Skylight polarization patterns and animal orientation. J. exp. Biol.
96, 69-91.MAZIA, D. (1961). Mitosis and physiology of cell division. In The Cell, vol. 3 (ed. J. Brachet and
A. E. Mirsky), pp. 77-412. New York, London: Academic Press.Citations in the text are given in the following form: Jones and Smith (1960) or (Jones and Smith, 1960).
Where there are more than two authors citations should be in the form (Jones et al. 1960). Where more thanone paper by the same author(s) has been published in the same year they are cited as Jones (1960a), Jones(19606) etc.
IllustrationsAll line drawings and photographs should be unlabelled, with the author's name and the number of the
figure written on the back. The figures should be numbered in the order in which they are to appear in thetext. Authors should also submit two full sets of clearly labelled copies of illustrations.Line drawings must be no more than twice final size. Maximum final size is 20Oxl30mm. Oscillographsshould be made suitable for reproduction in the form of well-defined line drawings and should have a whitebackground.Do submit original line drawings on heavy white paper or as well-defined photographic copies.Do not submit drawings on tracing or graph paper. Computer printouts may be accepted if the quality issufficient to show the fine detail.Do not use fine stippling or shading.Photographs should be at final size. Maximum final size is 200xl30mm for a single plate. Photographsshould be glossy bromide prints with good definition. They should be gummed on to white card and groupedas they are to appear. Numbering and lettering will be inserted by the printers and should be indicated on atracing paper overlay. Magnification should be indicated, when relevant, by a scale line drawn on theoverlay or beside the illustration. Colour plates can be reproduced free of charge at the Editor's discretion.
Short communicationsMust be original contributions to the literature and not preliminary reports. Methodological papers will
only be accepted as Short Communications. All above instructions apply except that the communicationsmust not exceed four published pages in length (including illustrations), no Summary is required, and linedrawings must be at final size.
Proofsheets and offprintsAuthors will receive one set of slip proofs for correction and return to the Editor. Authors will receive 200
complimentary copies of their papers: additional copies may be purchased at modest cost, and should beordered when the proofs are returned to the Editor.
Author's disks/text scanning
The Journal of Experimental Biology can use author's word-processor disks (5{ and 32") or optically scanthe manuscripts instead of rekeying accepted articles. If available, please send a copy of the disk with yourfinal revised manuscript. Disks will be returned.
Please observe the following instructions:1. Label the disk with: your name; the word processor/computer used, e.g. IBM; the printer used, e.g.LaserWriter; the name of the program, e.g. Wordperfect 4.2; and any special characters used, e.g. a \i °,and how you obtained them (i.e. dedicated key pressed or printer control codes used directly). If possibleplease also include an ASCII file.2. Send the manuscript as a single file; do not split it into smaller files.3. Give the file a name which is no longer than 8 characters.4. Create and/or edit your manuscript, using the document mode (or equivalent) in the word-processorprogram.5. Use only underline (or italic), bold, subscript and superscript. Multiple font, style or ruler changes, orgraphics inserted into the text, reduce the usefulness of the disc.6. Do not right-justify your text.7. Do not use footnotes.8. Use paragraph indents.9. Leave a blank line before and after all headings.10. Type main headings in CAPITALS, subheadings in underlined text.11. Distinguish the numerals 0 and 1 from the letters O and 1.12. Apple Macintosh disks. If possible please save your file to the MacWrite format.13. BBC micro: If possible, send your file in ADFS format.
Manuscript scanning: It may also be possible for us to 'scan' your manuscript (not photocopies) using a 'Textscanning system'. Please ensure your manuscript is free from pen/pencil marks. Any alterations should bemarked on a photocopy of your manuscript. We cannot accurately scan manuscripts if the underline ruletouches the descending characters. If possible please provide another manuscript without using this facility.
The Company of Biologists Limited, Department of Zoology, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ.Telephone (0223) 311788 Fax (0223) 353980 (Outside UK 44 223 353980)
Review volumes
A series of volumes covering important areas in modern biological research.They are provided free to subscribers to the Journal.
Order no.E81 Cellular oscillators (1979)
Edited by M. J. Berridge, P. E. Rapp and J. E. Treherne306 pp Price £15.00 (US $30.00) ISBN 0 521 22948 0
E89 Neurotransmission, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators (1980)Edited by E. A. Kravitz and J. E. Treherne286 pp Price £15.00 (US $30.00) ISBN 0 521 23651 7 (sold out)
E95 Glial-neurone interactions (1981)Edited by J. E. Treherne240 pp Price £15.00 (US $30.00) ISBN 0 521 24556 7
E100 Control and co-ordination of respiration and circulation (1982)Edited by P. J. Butler319 pp Price £25.00 (US $60.00) ISBN 0 521 25348 9
E106 Epithelial and cellular mechanisms in osmoregulation (1983)Edited by J. Phillips and S. Lewis299 pp Price £25.00 (US $60.00) ISBN 0 9508709 0 0
E l 12 Mechanisms of integration in the nervous system (1984)Edited by M. Burrows357 pp Price £25.00 (US $60.00) ISBN 0 9508709 3 5
E115 Design and performance of muscular systems (1985)Edited by C. R. Taylor, E. Weibel and L. Bolis412 pp Price £25.00 (US $60.00) ISBN 0 9508709 5 1 (sold out)
E124 Ion channels and receptors (1986)Edited by P. D. Evans and I. B. Levitan392 pp Price £20.00 (US $50.00) ISBN 0 948601 02 7 (3rd impression)
E132 Neural repair (1987)Edited by J. G. Nicholls and J. E. Treherne300 pp Price £35.00 (US $60.00) ISBN 0 948601 07 8
E139 The secretory event (1988)Edited by W. T. Mason and D. B345 pp Price £40.00 (US $75.00)
E146 Principles of sensory coding and processing (1989)Edited by S. B. Laughlin350 pp Price £40.00 (US $75.00) ISBN 0 948601 21 3
E153 Synapse formation (1990)Edited by A. J. Aguayo and E. A. Howes303 pp Price £38.00 (US $65.00) ISBN 0 948601 28 0
Volumes may be purchased from:The Biochemical Society Book Depot, PO Box 32, Commerce Way, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK.
24-hour ordering by FAX: Colchester (0206) 549331/International +44 206 549331
SattelleISBN 0 948601 18 3
Thejournalof
Rombough and Moroz on the scaling of surface area and metabolism 1Wright and Machin on water vapour absorption in isopods 13Heinrich on 'reflectance' basking 31Miller and Usherwood on K+ channels in locust muscle 45Pinder and Feder on the effects of boundary layers on gas exchange 67Paul, Nalbach and Varju on eye movements in rock crabs 81Barnes on eye movements in land crabs 99Ettema, Van Soest and Huijing on the role of series elastic structures in muscle 121Sanford and Lauder on kinematics of fish feeding 137Rome, Funke and Alexander on muscle contraction velocity in swimming carp 163Field, Newland and Hisada on crayfish uropod proprioceptors 179Pennington and Martin on acetylcholine channels in Ascaris suum muscle 201Van Waarde, Van Dijk, Van den Thillart. Verhagen, Erkelens, Wendelaar Bonga,
Addink and Lugtenburg on acid-base balance in fish 223Kleinfeld, Parsons, Raccuia-Behling, Salzberg and Obaid on connections formed
by Aplysia neurones 237Nikinmaa, Tiihonen and Paajaste on pH of trout red cells 257Steudel on limb morphology and the cost of running 273Steudel on the cost of internal work 287Harper, Watt, Hancock and Macdonald on temperature acclimation in carp nerve 305Whitwam and Storey on pyruvate kinase from a snail 321Nagelkerke, Pannevis, Houlihan and Secombes on oxygen uptake of trout
phagocytes 339Fincham, Woiowyk and Young on amino acid transport in hagfish red cells 355Smith and Shipley on current flow across a blood-brain barrier 371O'Dor, Wells and Wells on locomotor energetics of Nautilus 383Johannesen and Nlicol on oxygen extraction in little penguins 397Burleson and Smatresk on ventilator/ reflexes in catfish 407Price, Lesser, Lee, Doble and Greenberg on cardioactive peptides from Helix 421Tucker on interference drag and bird bodies 439Prange on evaporative cooling in grasshoppers 463Walsh, Wood, Thomas and Perry on trout red cell metabolism 475Wood, Walsh, Thomas and Perry on the effect of exercise on trout red cells 491Lighton and Lovegrove on a ventilation switch in honeybees 509DiCaprio on a reversal switch interneurone 517Vitalis and Shelton on breathing in Rana pipiens 537Jayne, Lauder, Reilly and Wainwright on the effect of sampling rate on
electromyograms 557Brodfuehrer and Cohen on glutamate-induced swimming in the leech 567Harrison, Wong and Phillips on haemolymph buffering in the locust 573Lallier and Walsh on urate levels in a crab 581INDEX TO VOLUMES 148 to 154 I
Information about the Journal
ISSN: 0022-0949© The Company of Biologists Limited 1990
The Company of Biologists Limited