XERIC project: Hybrid climate control system able to control …xeric.eu/wp-content/uploads/2_Lazzari.pdf · 2016. 12. 1. · XERIC project: Hybrid climate control system able to

XERIC project: Hybrid climate control system able to control separately temperature and humidity

Stefano Lazzari – University of Genoa (Italy)XERIC’s Deputy Coordinator

H2020 - GV - 2014 / GV - 2 - 2014 / RIA n° 653605

- EC-funded project- Start: June 1, 2015- End: May 31, 2018- 8 partners + 1 third party

What is XERIC?

Developing an energy-friendly climate-control system for electric vehicles capable of reducing of at least 50% the energy used.

By building a novel 3F – CMC contactor (gas – liquid) www.xeric.eu

GREEN VEHICLES

Partners

VITOEMH

AINGVSTICASS / UNIGEFRIGOMAR

FRAUNHOFERUDE

Bologna, November 24, 2016

XERIC at a glance

Current EVs

XERIC EVs

AC

What makes this an achievable result?


Air-Conditioning System in an ICE car: Vapour Compression Cycle (VCC)


XERIC in a nutshell

The XERIC system adds to the traditional VCC a liquid desiccant (LiCl acqueoussolution) cycle with two innovative membrane contactors, called 3F-CMCs. The useof semi-permable membrane allows the adoption of liquid desiccant in vehicles.

moist air

outside air

expansiontank

HE

3F-CMC2

LIQUID DESSICCANT CYCLE

3F-CMC1

Diluted dessiccant

Concentrated dessicant

Dehumidified/cooled air

Evaporatingrefrigerant

Condensingrefrigerant

3F-CMC1 dehumidifies and partially cools the process air.

3F-CMC2 re-concentrates the weak solution.

The economizer HE reduces parasitic heat transfer.

Main advantages: the heat exchange between the desiccant and the refrigerant

allows the desiccant temperature to be controlled throughout all the 3F-CMC;

high efficiency and compactness (i.e., increase in sensible and latent heat loads that can be faced).


EV cars: heat pump system architecture in summer conditions

outs

ide

air

insi

de a

ir

fresh

/circ

ulat

edo

or

floor

defro

st

vent

evaporator

outside air

compressor lamination valve

door door door

condenser refrigerant

door


EV cars: heat pump system architecture in winter conditions

compressor

outs

ide

air

insi

de a

ir

fresh

/circ

ulat

edo

or

floor

defro

st

vent

evaporatoroutside air

lamination valve

door door door

condenser

refrigerant

door

C


XERIC system architecture: heat pump + desiccant cycle

outs

ide

air

insi

de a

ir

fresh

/circ

ulat

edo

or

floor

defro

st

vent

HE1

outside air

compressor lamination valve

door door door

3F-CMC2

HE2 refrigerant

door

HE

3F-CMC1

expansiontank

liquid desiccant


Why XERIC system is so attractive to EV cars?

Since it allows:

separate air-dehumidification and air-cooling processes (no need for under-cooling);

development of tailored systems (thanks to the flexibility given by modularity);

no carryover of desiccant droplets into the process air (thanks to the semi-permeable membrane).


Raining days:

XERIC system allows dehumidification only, with a small cooling effect.

Winter:

XERIC system works as a heat pump; the heating effect is more efficient incomparison to an electrical resistance and, as a consequence, passengers comfortcan be obtained with less energy requirement.

Summarizing

4 1

23

Enthalpy kJ/kg

Summer and intermediate seasons:

XERIC system allows energy savingsbecause the VCC cycle operates at higherevaporation temperature and lowercondensation temperature.


Some specs

Characteristic Objective stated in GA Design value

External air flow rate(T=30°C and RH=60%), m3/h 100 100

Vapour extraction from the external air, kg/h 0.3 > 0.3

Pressure drop, Pa < 100 < 100

Extrapolated size of full-scale 3F-CMC - l/w/d, mm must fit commercial vehicles ≈310x285x185mm


Main technological aspects / issues faced by XERIC Team

Physical and mechanical constraints

• addressing the needed heat / mass fluxes preserving a reasonable compactness;

• stresses due to pressure / temperature gradients in working conditions;

• minimum allowed thickness of the components;• needed mechanical stiffness;

• proper sealing to avoid leakages;• …..

Manufacturing issues

• pressure / temperature stresses induced on the frame during membrane welding;

• pressure stresses on the components during assembling procedures;

• pressure / temperature stresses during working conditions;

• ..…


Physical aspects: where to focus on

' A Bv 2

A m B

ψ - ψ kgg =z + z + z m s

ΨA , ΨB mass transfer driving potentials

zA, zm, zB mass transfer resistances (air-side, membrane, liquid-side)

3F-CMC compactness is directly and strongly dependent on zA and zm

zA is to be reduced by increasing the air side heat transfer coefficient

zm is to be reduced by reducing the mass transfer resistance of the membrane

We worked in different areas which require different competences. Thistransdisciplinary approach of XERIC allows the results to be widen to a largenumber of applications.


The core of XERIC: 3F-CMC

At design stage……supported by CFD (Fluent, COMSOL Multiphysics) and by mechanical stability simulations (Abaqus)


The core of XERIC: 3F-CMC

At prototype stage……for preliminary tests in the lab


PVDF membrane development

Process development, tests, measurementsCharacteristics

average pore size

pore size distribution

maximum thickness

surface tension

surface property

water vapourtransmission resistance

stability in contact with desiccant

thermal resistance

chemical resistance


Development & preparation of electronic control system including compressor and electronic expansion valve

Control module

Power module

BLDC Electric Motor

Compressor

Equipment setup in the lab for testing purpose only


Then, all the Simulink blocks will be connected to evaluate the performance of the XERIC system.

Modeling the several components of the XERIC system in Matlab/Simulink environment

AC evaporator Simulink evaporator block


Next generation of air conditioning system for EV under development according to planned schedule;

New generation of membrane contactors, 3F-CMC, developed and first prototype manufactured;

Patents on 3F-CMC and new membranes already filed or in preparation; Extensive know how in:

- developing customized membranes with pre-specified characteristics;- thermodynamics analysis of advanced air conditioning systems and their

components;- high level Laboratory facilities for testing air conditioning devices and

components;- modeling and simulation of air conditioning and related systems and

processes; Networking with other EU projects in area of green energy Dissemination in progress

Summary:


Thank you for your kind attention

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XERIC project: Hybrid climate control system able to control …xeric.eu/wp-content/uploads/2_Lazzari.pdf · 2016. 12. 1. · XERIC project: Hybrid climate control system able to